NED University of Engineering & Technology Karachi

Automobile Instrumentation
Revision Questions
After completing the Automobile instrumentation course you should be able to answer the
following questions.

1. Instrumentation system, basic block diagram of electronic instrumentation with

explanation of each block.
2. Define instrument, Basic functions of any Electronic instrument
3. Types of instruments
4. Types of instruments with respect to display
5. Basic advantages of electronic instrume nts over electrical instruments
6. Error in measurement, type of error , limiting error
7. What are the statistical analysis methods for handling error in measurement?
I. Arithmetic mean
II. Deviation
III. Average deviation
IV. Standard deviation
8. Define basic types of signals.
9. Difference between Active Instruments & Passive Instruments
10. Logic analyzer ,two operating modes of logic analyzer
11. Logic Probe & circuit diagram explanation
12. Operation of d’Arsonval meter (PMMC) movement with the help of diagram.
13. Circuit diagram of voltmeter and an ammeter using d’Arsonval meter (PMMC)
movement.
14. Purpose of shunt resistor across a d’Arsonval meter movement
15. Purpose of multiplier resistor in series with a meter movement
16. Define term sensitivity in meter movement.
17. Why the internal resistance of voltmeter should be very high and very low for an
ammeter?
18. Operation of the Wheatstone bridge and formula for the balance condition of bridge.
19. What does bridge “null” or”balance”mean?
20. Circuit diagram of Kelvin Bridge and principle application.
21. Block diagram of digital readout using Wheatstone bridge.
22. Principle applications of following meter movement
I. Electrodynamometer
II. Thermocouple
III. d’Arsonval meter (PMMC)
23. Circuit diagram of electrodynamo meter movement and compare the operation with
d’Arsonval meter (PMMC).
24. Operation of thermocouple meter with the help of schematic diagram.
25. Why AC voltmeter has higher loading effect than DC voltmeter?
26. What are the common applications of AC bridge circuits?
27. Circuit diagram of similar angle bridge and drive the equations for unknown capacitor
and resistor.
28. Do the balance conditions in a similar angle bridge depend on frequency?
29. Maxwell Bridge & circuit diagram of bridge.
30. Application of Wien Bridge
31. Electronic recorder, difference between strip chart recorder and X-Y recorder
32. Basic parts and functions of any Electronic Recorder
33. Self balancing system for strip chart recorder with the help of diagram.
34. Block diagram of X-Y recorder.
35. Application examples of X-Y recorder.
36. Iimportant specification of Recorder.
37. Difference between sensor and transducers, basic kinds of sensors with respect to the
measurement
38. Thermoelectricity process,basic operation of thermocouple with the help of an
appropriate diagram.
39. names of thermocouple assemblies.
40. parameters important in the selection of thermocouple, basic types of thermocouple?
41. Thermal expansion methods in the measurement of temperature with accuracy and
measurement ranges:
i. Liquid in Glass Thermometers
ii. Bimetallic Thermometers
iii. Pressure Thermometers
42. RTD, operating ranges of RTDs
43. RTD, types of RTDs ,advantages and disadvantages of using RTDs.
44. Difference between thermistor & RTD?
45. platinum is more preferred in RDTs instead of copper & nickel in spite of low sensitivity
& high cost.
46. Almost all thermo resistive devices have self heating problem
47. Themistors, basic kinds of thermistors ,particular applications of Thermistors.
48. Application of Steinhart-Hart equation in the temperature measurement, advantages &
disadvantages of using themistor device.
49. Liquid level measurement techniques using variable capacitance transducers.
50. Multiple plate linear motion capacitive transducer & capacitive bridge circuit.
51. Operation & application of linear variable different ial transformer (LVDT), advantages
of using LVDT.
52. Electroluminescence process, few names of optical sensors.
53. Dark current in photodiode ,manufacturing materials & application of photo diode?
54. Photo-Electric Effect, names of electronic devices work on this effect.
55. LASCR ,application of device with the help of Circuit diagram.
56. Fiber Optic Technology, working principle .
57. Difference between the Monomode and Multimode Cable
58. parameters modulated in the fiber optic sensor , difference between Intrinsic sensor &
Extrinsic sensor.
59. Photo Resistor , advantages of using this device?
60. Photo Transistor ,application with the help of few circuit diagram.
61. Optical coupler, circuit diagram of few Optical coupler with the help of Photo diode,
Photo transistor & LASCR.
62. Magnetometer ,basic types of Magnetometer
63. Magnetic measurement sensors :
i. Hall Effect Sensor
ii. Magneto Resistor
iii. Magneto Diodes
iv. Magneto Transistor
64. What are position sensors? State the different types of position sensors.
65. What are the different types of Relative Position sensors? Explain them with the help of
diagram and also state their accuracies and ranges.
66. Merits and demerits of Resistive Potentiometer and Linear Variable Displacement
Transformer (LVDT)?
67. What is the difference between Relative Position Sensors and Absolute Position Sensors?
State the different types Proximity Sensors.
68. Explain the method for Linear Velocity Measurement.
69. What are the two methods of angular velocity measurement?
70. Explain Hall Effect Sensing and derive expression of Hall’s Constant. Also interpret that
how the Hall’s Effect sensing can be used in the angular velocity measurement?
71. How Inductive sensing can be used in angular velocity measurement? Explain with the
help of diagram.
72. Difference between stress and strain ,strain gauges
73. Derive the expression of the effect on output voltage due to change in resistance.
74. Discuss the for cases for using the strain gauge in Wheatstone bridge and elaborate the
answer with the help of diagrams and the related equations.
75. Differentiate of the following terms.
Absolute, gauge & differential pressure.
76. Three different ranges of pressure measurement & name the instruments used for the
measurement.
77. Different types of U-Tube monometer & their uses.

78. Pressure measurement with Diaphragm ,working of diaphragm in a bridge configuration.

79. Operation of Fotonic sensor for the measurement of pressure.
80. Typical measuring ranges for bellows , How the translation motion produces by bellow
are measured.
81. Different types of Bourdon Tube available ,Differentiate between the different types
according to the sensitivity & resolution requirements.
82. Determine the accuracy level of resonant wire devices. Define the construction &
operation of such devices.
83. construction & working principle of pirani guage pressure.
84. Which range is determined by Pirani gauge & thermistor gauge.
85. how to determine the mass flow rate of any object explain the mechanism.
86. How differential pressure meters are used to determine the Volume Flow Rate?
87. Operation of Turbine Flow meter.
88. Electromagnetic Flow meters for volume flow rate ,advantages and disadvantages also.
89. working principle of Doppler Shift Ultrasonic Flowmeter & Transit time Ultrasonic
Flowmeter.
90. Compare the Ordinary Dipstick & Optical Dipstick technique in the level measurement.
91. Level measurement techniques with advantages and limitations of each one:
i. Float Systems
ii. Hydrostatic Systems
iii. Capacitive Devices
iv. Fiber Optic Level Sensor
v. Ultrasonic Level Gauge
92. Operation of Radiation Method in Level measurement with advantages & limitations.
93. cathode ray tube, construction and working of a cathode ray tube using a labeled
diagram.
94. slide diagram of a Liquid crystal display and name each of the slides.
95. Compare the advantage of using LCD display over Cathode ray tube and VFD
technologies.
96. Construction and operation of cathode ray tube (CRT) using a labeled diagram.
97. Advantages of using liquid crystal display (LCD) over LEDs & VFDs.
98. LED , manufacturing matrials, applications of LED Device.
99. LCD, advantages & disadvantages of using LCD Device few applications of LCD
Device.
100. VFD, advantages & disadvantages of using VFD Device, applications of VFD
Device.
101. Potential applications of Electronics in Automotive Engineering?
102. Basic parts of an Automotive System.
103. Role of following Automotive units:
i. Transmission
ii. Differential
iii. Drive Shaft
iv. Supension
v. Steering
104. Brake, basic types of Brake used in Automobile
105. Electronic Engine Control system with the help of Block diagram
106. Engine Performance Terms:
i. Power
ii. BSFC
iii. Torque
iv. Volumetric Efficiency or Breathing Efficiency
v. Thermal Efficiency
vi. Engine Calibration
107. Engine Mapping mean, Effect of following on the Engine Performance:
i. Effect of Air Fuel Ratio
ii. Effect of Spark Timing
iii. Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation
108. Electronic Fuel Control system with the help of Block diagram and also define the
role of each unit
109. Equivalence Ratio, difference between rich & lean mixture
110. Operation of Electronic Ignition System with the help of block diagram.
111. Operation of following Engine Crankshaft Angular Position Sensors and compare
with each other.
i. Magnetic Reluctance Crankshaft Position Sensor
ii. Hall Effect Position Sensor
iii. Shielded Field Sensor
iv. Optical Crankshaft Position Sensor
112. Throttle plate angle is in Automotive system
113. solenoid used to control the Fuel Injection.
114. Antilock Braking System (ABS).