Modulo CAD 2013 PDF

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA – UNAD
Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Contenido didáctico del curso CAD PARA TELECOMUNICACIONES
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Escuela De Ciencias Básicas Tecnología E Ingeniería
Contenido didáctico del curso – CAD PARA TELECOMUNICACIONES
INDICE DE CONTENIDO
UNIDAD 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS REDES DE DATOS, APOYADAS EN EL

USO DE HERRAMIENTAS SOFTWARE
CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS REDES DE DATOS
Lección 1. Objetivos de las redes de datos

Lección 2. Redes de datos
Lección 3. Topologías de red
Lección 4. Dispositivos de Networking
Lección 5. El papel de los medios de transmisión en una red local
CAPITULO 2. HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA SIMULACIÓN DE REDES
Leccion 1. FLAN (F- Links And Nodes)

Lección 2. Packet tracer
Lección 3. KIVA
Lección 4. Comnet III
Lección 5. Primera aplicación
CAPITULO 3. PROTOCOLOS DE RED
Lección 1. Protocolo TCP / IP

Lección 2. Protocolo IP
Lección 3. Modelos de capas
Lección 4. Sistemas operativos de red
Lección 5. Más simuladores de redes LAN
UNIDAD 2. CAD PARA WLAN, ADMINISTRACIÓN Y SEGURIDAD EN REDES

DE DATOS
CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS WLAN
Lección 1. Medios inalámbricos

Lección 2. Conceptos básicos de redes inalámbricas
Lección 3. Tecnologías de redes inalámbricas
Lección 4. Packet tracer y las redes inalámbricas
Lección 5. Uso de la herramienta packet tracer, simulando una red híbrida
controlada por un router inalámbrico
CAPITULO 2. SEGURIDAD EN WIFI
Lección 1. Seguridad en el estándar 802.11

Lección 2. Posibles ataques y amenazas a una WLAN
Lección 3. Técnicas de intrusión
Lección 4. Mecanismos de seguridad
Lección 5. Medidas de seguridad en WIFI
CAPITULO 3. CAD PARA REDES LAN INALAMBRICAS
Lección 1. Herramientas para medición de potencia

Lección 2. Herramientas para detección de intrusos
Lección 3. Herramientas para aplicaciones peer to peer
Lección 4. Herramienta para el control de redes LAN
Lección 5. Herramientas para administrar redes LAN
ASPECTOS DE PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL Y VERSIONAMIENTO
El contenido didáctico del curso académico: CAD PARA TELECOMUNICACIONES

fue diseñado inicialmente en el año 2008 por el Ing. JUAN CARLOS VESGA FERREIRA
El contenido didáctico ha sufrido dos actualizaciones desde su elaboración por

parte de la Ingeniera Martha Fabiola Contreras Higuera, quien se desempeña actualmente
como directora del cuso a nivel nacional.
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#> 2 8? 2 = # 2 = : 8 2 @9 2 # 2 ? ; #
= 2 8*#9 ( 9 A 2 # 2 = 22 ? 9 B 2 < 2 9 B 2
< @9 2 # 2 < = 2 = = 2 ; C 2C D; =
> = 2 # 2 E F 0 = #F G (
> B # = 2 8*#9 22 2 9# # 2
89 2 < 292 = 2 = = 8 # 2 A 92
# A 8 22 >H (
# 2 = = 2 = =*2 2 # 2 2 # > 8 * 29= 2

= = 9 :9 > 8 * 292 2 9# 2( 2 > 8 *
#9# : 8 8= = ? G9 ; 9 = = 8= 2 # : ( 2
BI2 # # # 2 9# > F ? 2 = 2 * 2 <
#@9 ? = #8 2 >9 # 8 2 # ? # 8 @9 2I
2 9# # (
=9 # # > 9 = ; 8 # 2 89 * 8 9 G9 #
2 9 2 2 >H ! @9 2 G 9 2 : 9 8=9 # A #H !
> # 8 # 8 8?2 8 2 2 ! 8= 8 # 9
2 2 8 >C2 8?@9 = 2 (!(
A F # # B 2 2 D= 2 2 : 92 # 2 89 # 2 < 29
>9 = #F G # 2 2 9# 2( 8 # ;C : 2 #
F * # : G 2# B 2 ; * <9# # 2 2 89 # 2 = =
B 9 * # 2 2 C> 2 # 2 9# A 9 = 8
8?2 = *D 8 = 2 8 C>
= * # 8=9 # 9 >9 # 8 # = # ;*; 8

2 29= 9 8 G = 2 #9 B 2 @9 2 # =
> F8 9 > @9 2 9 B2 # = 2 # 2 E F 0
= #F G (
2 2 89 # 2 2 2# # 2 JA 8 2 ; B 2K < @9
= B A = # # # # 8=9 # = 8= > D #
@9 ; * A98 ( 2 2 = 2 > 8? 2 =9 #
B # 2 F 2 < 2 ; 2 B 2 = #F G @9 29 B F
2 9# =9 # 92 = #@9 2 * 9 ;9 # # 2 # 2 F 2
# 9 B 8 (
# 2 = = 2 B G 2 @9 > 92 # 2 89 # 2 2
= 2 2# 2 E F 2 =9 # 8 L
> 9 > 8 8?2 2: 2 2 9# 2 # : G
# B 2 2 @9 = 2 = 2 2<= #8 2
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@9 8 G 2 89 # :2 B 2 29 # 2 < 9
2 9
29 A 8 8 B #
2 9# 2 9 2= *D 8 2 # #
=9 # : G 2 9 2 # >C 2 # # #
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= #8 2 < = 2 2 9 2 < ;9 2 2 2 =9 2
# >C 8 2 @9 : 2 # #
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> # = 2 9 # 2 ?2 2 ;C ; C #
2 9# = $ I# 2 #I8 2 2= # 8= #
> 8 * #2 = # ' ; 8 # ; C 89 2(
2 9 2 = 2 9 ? 8 # *; # :# @9 2 2= @9
2 9# 28 2 8 2 = 9 2 < 2 = @9 > 89 *
# 29 = < 8 # 92 # ;C (
2 M 8 2 E 2 # 2 # 2 22 8 2 > 8? 2 A 2#
B ; 2 # 8 @9 A < #C = # 8 2 8=9 # 2
= ? 8 # 2 2 ?8: 2 # B# # L 2 : 2 =
F * # = 2 > 2N > = = 2 8 #
D 2 29 # : 2 2# # 2<; 2 * # 9 2 2N 2 9 B 2# # 2
= 2 E F < 2 2 B 2 ; # 2N #92 =
# = 2 8 F * # = 2 2 = #9 B 2 ; 2 * ; # # 2
#> 2 = 2 # > : * # 8?@9 2 A 8 : 2 <
8 =9 # 2 (
2 9 2 # 8*#9 2 = ? #> 2 2 9 2 @9 8 =
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> 8
# * # # 9 # 2 = # A 92 # ;C : G
A 8 22 >H # 2 89 * #@9 2 * # > 8 * <8 # * #
= ?8 2= = 2# ? # 2 89 2(
UNIDAD No. 1: Introducción a las Redes de Datos,

apoyadas en el uso de herramientas software
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2 2= 2 # 9 2 B# L 2 8 # # : G 2 # #
; 2 * = C ; 2 * *8 #2 E #92 < C2
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; F * # 2 8= 2 2 2 9 2 292 8I # 2 < B# # 2
> 8 # 89 * = 2 # # # B# < #9 *
2(
9 ; 8= # 2 2 ?8: 2 # 9 2 B# A #
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> 8 * 9 2 @9 # # : B @9 2 2 =9 # 9 F
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2 < > 2 # B 2 2 >9 2# > 8 * D2 2
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; # 2(
# # : 298 2 B # # # 929 929 < # 929
= * 9 B # #< > : # # F : 2(
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# # : = 8 = * # >9 9 2 ;C 2 2 9 2
M 2 #> 9 # 2 D2 2 9 8 (
: 2 #2 E # 2 = > 29 8 < #8 2 *
:G # 2 ;9 9 2 : # # # >9 8 2
# 2 9 G9 # 8=9 # 2 # 2 2C 8= #
292 9 2 2 > 8 * 2 9 2 2 8 9 89 *
2 (
2
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8 2 #2 E # 2 = 8 8=9 # 2( ' @9 2 2
8 8=9 # 2 2 : # 2 2C 8 2C 2 : 2
8 2 # 8=9 # 2 8 > 8 = 9 A :C 9 8
> F# 8= # 2 B 2 8=9 # 2(
* B# @9 92 # # 2@9 2 = 8= # 2 9
8I # > F *8 = # 2 B # # 8= 2 ( #
= : = 2 8M = 2 # 2 # 2( # B F @9 2 8 # > : 9
A B A :C @9 B B 8= 2 # 292 929 2( # 2
929 2 8 #> : AB < 9 ; : 8= 2 = #C
;9 # 2 # 2 G9 2 # 8 #> 2( 2 8= 2 2 2 : 9
2 9 * @9 2 B ID 2 2 = : 8 2 2 ;9 2L
*8 B #9= * # @9 = 2 > 8? 2<# 2 9 2 2

*8 89 2 >
*8 > ;9 < #8 2 9 #
2 8= 2 2 2 # 9 # @9 ;C # H 1 ; = #C
98 = #9 B # # < A ; 2 2( 2 # 2 2 ; # <
D # 2 8 28 =# F @9 2 F : 9 B 2
;C 2 < = #9 2 # #( = = 2 # #I # # &Q5% H 1 ;
2 D= # * 8 8 9 9 # 292 2 29 # 2 >9
# 2 ; F # (
8 # # 2# #I # # &Q5% 2 ;C 2 # # @9 A :C 8 ;#
2 A :C # 8= 8 2 # A #H < 2 >H #2 2(
# 8= 2 # # # A #H < 2 >H = # 2 9 F : 292
= = 2 2? # 2 = B 2( 2 2 2 ? # 2 # B #9 2 2 # 2
8 2 9 # 8= 2 8= 2 2( '
89 A 2 # 2 9 B 2 ;C 2 8= : 2 2C( * #
B F 8?2 # >C 89 * # 2 @9 92 : #2 2
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(
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(
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8 = ! < # 2 # ? 8= - !( 8 2 - = #C
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@9 2 8= 2 2 2 89 2C BI2 # ; # 2#2 2(
2 # 2 # 8=9 # 2 A # 9 9; D # 2 M 8 2
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2 : #B 2 2 8 2 2 :: 2 * 2 9; 2
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22 8 2 # = 2 8 # 2 :9 # # 2 2 = 8
;9 2 # 2 = 2 @9 9 8 2 ( # 2 2 2 : > 2
@9 2 # B # 9 F * # 2 # 2 2A 2# = 2: 2 ; 2
2 B 2 ; # 2 ? # 89 * # # 2
M8 89< ; # # # 2 2 9 >9 # 9 8
# 89 # ;9 2 # 2 2 # 2 =M: 2 = # 2 = = B # 2
# 2 B 2 2 2? # # # 2 B 2 ; * # 2 = B 2
= # 2= 2 8 28 2 929 2< # 2# = 8 = B
2(
' 8= # 8 G = = @9 G9 ; 2 8=9 # 2 9 22 8
# H 1 ; 2 8= 2# # # # 2 J K(
2 9 22 8 9 ; 8 < C # 2 = 2 2 2 9
2 8 # # :# @9 2 >9 # 8 = B# #
8= 2 #92 < #9 * 2(
2 ## # 2 8?2 8= # 89 # 2 8= # 9
; # # # # 2 # = < - ; # 2 < = @9 E 2
# 2 2C( # 8=9 # 2 2# # 8 9 >9 2
# 2 # > 8 * @9 B G BI2 # #( # D * @9 2
2 : 9 # 2 8= # 2 8 2 2 2L 9 D*
>C2 9 D * *; <9 G9 # = 2(
2 2 =9 # # @9 # 8= 2 @9 8 2 # D2 #
9 # = B 9 = 8 D* @9 #
9 9# # 2 = > * ( 9 = 8=9 # 2 = 2 2
# B #9 2 ' ! 2 @9 # 9 #2 E < = > * :?2
: G 8 2 = 2 : # 2 B 89 # N 2 2? 2 9 2 2
8=9 2 2 2 = D* 2 8 9 G #
> F# # ! 9 # # 2 @9 # 9 = B # #
2 B 2 < ;9 2 2 8 2 @9 2 B 2 = 8= 8 * <
> ;9 * # #(
# : 9 @9 #2 E 9 # : 2 2 8= 8
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> ;9 * *; 9 2? > 8 # = = * # = 2
# 89 * # 8 B 2 # 2 ;9 # # = C 2 #
#8 2 * 2 ; 2 2 # @9 9 8=9 # 2 =9 #
2 92 8 28 (
D* >C2 2 F # 9 G # = # 8 9
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2 9 9 < > 8 @9 2 89 2 # 2= 2 B 2 # 9 #( #
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# 2 # 8 J' # # 2= 3=
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2 (
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= 2 : G # 8 2= 2= B < : # 2
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'* '% * %
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# 2 89 # # # 2 BI2 # 9 D* 2 <
8=9 # BI2 # 9 D* = ( 8 # 92
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6 = * # 9= * ! 2 M8 2; # = 8 # # 9
8=9 # 2> #> 2 2 F # 9 # 2 2 E 2
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2 ;9 2> 2L
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> F = # 9 F 9 G ' G 2# # ?8: 2
# = # 2 A B 2 92 3 92 B 2 !
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• = B >C2 # 8 # L 2 8 2 @9 ; 2
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89 A 2 # 2 >9 2# 89 * # 8 L
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2? # > # 2= 2 8 2 5%$(D # (
• 2 9 2 * 2 @9 8= G # # # 8
8 2 2 8 LB # ## 28 2 * 8 E # = @9
8 0 9 8 E # 2 :9>> 2 2 2= 2( B F @9
2 2 8 2 2 A 2 : # 8= F B # #
28 2 * F? # 2 9 B 2* # # 2 28 # 2
B 2L
∗ = 8 9; 2 = 2 # = 2 = 28 2
8 > 9G # : 2(
∗ ;9 # 8 2 #> 8= # 2 # * >C2 9 29
= 2 # G # # L # # # 9 #
9 # * 2; # @9 # = # # 2 = 2 #
89 2 @9 2I 9 F # ( # * >C2 A : 9 8
B # > # # >?: = @9 2 =9 # 8 # > ( :
2 # * >C2 2 # > 2 # 2 8 =9 # 2
# * '= # 2 @9 2 I >9 # '3 '(
# 2= 2 B @9 2 9 8M 8 2 # 2 # # 2 2
8 #9 # 0# 8 #9 # !( 2 9 # 2= 2 B @9 > 8=9 #
B# # 2 8 # 2 # 2 # 89 * @9 = : G 2
= 2 # 89 * ( =9 # 8=9 # 2
@9 = 2 2C BI2 # C 2 >* 2 2 # 8 # 2
89 * 2 # 2 *= 2 2(
8*# 8 B 8 #9 ! 2 # 2 # 9 2 E #; 9 2 E
*; 8= : 22 8 # 89 * 2? # ( 8*# 8
D 8 = # 8 #9 ! 2 E B I # 9 B 8 9
2 E #; ( 2 8*# 82 =9 # 2 2 D 2 2 9 2 =9 #
2 # 2 9 9 # D= 2 * ; # 2 #
= D * = =9 2 * (
2 = ;C 2 # 9 # # > 29 2 9 9 = = 8 9 2
9 8=9 2 = # 2 = 2 # = ;C 2L = 8 2 # 8
J = ;C >C2 KN I2 2= # # 2= 2 * # 2 : 2
8 # 2( 2 ;9 # = ;C 2 # 8 # J = ;C *; K 9
# > > 8 @9 2 A 22 # 2 8 # 2 = B < :
# 2(
# 2 = ;C 2 >C2 2 8M 8 9 F # 2 2 =9 # 8 L
#+#&#12' 3.$) = ;C # :92 2 8 8?2 2 8= @9 2
=9 # ; F 9 #( # 2 2 @9 = 2 2 ? # 2
8 28 C # 28 2 * 8 # 9 : ; 8 D (
= : P:92P A > C >C2 @9 9 # 2 2 @9 = 2 #
#(
2 = # = ;C 2 # 9 M : @9 2 D # # 9
8=9 # BI2 # 9 8 # 2 ( 2 D 8 2 # : 2
> F 9 22 # 8 # 8 # @9 # 8?2 # #
@9 D2 8?2 8=9 # 2 D 8 = 8 :92(
9 L 2C 9 B # # 2# 89 2
# 292 = = 2B G 2 2 =9 # 8 L
• ? 2 * < > ;9 * (
• D2 8 2 2# 2 9 2 @9 # = # # #(
9= = # 2B G 22 @9 2 2 8= : ;M =9
# @9 # B 8= 8 (
#+#&#12' ,!&&#L I2 = # = ;C 2 # 2 # # 2
# 2=
9 # # I 8 # 2 =9 =9 (
> 8 * # 2 : 9 < 9 9 M # * < #
= = 2 @9 ; 2 > 2 # 2 B 2* # 8 2
# > 8 * (
9 L 2C 9 B # # 2# 89 2
= # ;C 2 #2 E # 8 9 @9 9 9 #
# # # 8 2# 2 # 2( # > 8 * # #
= 2 BI2 # # # A 2 @9 2 8 # = # = = # (
2 >? 8 D= # # = 8 2 # 2 9 @9 2
= 2 98= = * # # 8 2 2 2 9 B # (
2C 8: I 8 B8 >C2 # 9 # @9 # # 2= 2 22 = # 2L
# 2 = 8 B # 8 9 :9 # > 8 # 9 (
# 2 2 8=9 # 2 @9 > 8 = # # 2 2
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UNIDAD No. 2 CAD para WLAN, Administración y

Seguridad en Redes de Datos
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GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS
AAA: Abreviatura de Autenticación (Authentication), Autorización (Authorization) y

Contabilidad (Accounting), sistema en redes IP para qué recursos informáticos
tiene acceso el usuario y rastrear la actividad del usuario en la red.
Accounting: Es el proceso de rastrear la actividad del usuario mientras accede a

los recursos de la red, incluso la cantidad de tiempo que permanece conectado,
los servicios a los que accede así como los datos transferidos durante la sesión.
AD HOC: Una WLAN bajo topología "Ad Hoc" consiste en un grupo de equipos
que se comunican cada uno directamente con los otros a través de las señales de
radio sin usar un punto de acceso.
AES: También conocido como "Rijndael", algoritmo de encriptación simétrica de

128 bits desarrollado por los belgas Joan Daemen y Vincent Rijmen.
Algoritmo de encriptación: Codificadores de bloques de bits sobre los que iteran

determinadas operaciones tales como sustitución, transposición, suma/producto
modular y transformaciones lineales.
Ataques a passwords: Es un intento de obtener o descifrar una contraseña

legítima de usuario.
Ataque de diccionario: Método empleado para romper la seguridad de los sistemas

basados en contraseñas en la que el atacante intenta dar con la clave adecuada
probando todas (o casi todas) las palabras posibles o recogidas en un diccionario
idiomático.
Ataque de fuerza bruta: Método empleado para romper la seguridad vía

contraseña probando todas las combinaciones posibles de palabras (distinto del
ataque de diccionario que prueba palabras aisladas).
Auditoría: Análisis de las condiciones de una instalación informática por un auditor

externo e independiente que realiza un dictamen sobre diferentes aspectos.
Autenticación: Es el proceso de identificación de un individuo, normalmente

mediante un nombre de usuario y contraseña.
Autorización: Es el proceso de aceptar o denegar el acceso de un usuario a los

recursos de la red una vez que el usuario ha sido autenticado con éxito.
Bridge: Elemento que posibilita la conexión entre redes físicas, cableadas o

inalámbricas, de igual o distinto estándar.
CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol): Protocolo de autenticación

para servidores PPP donde la contraseña no sólo se exige al empezar la conexión
sino también durante la conexión, lo cual lo hace un protocolo mucho más seguro
que el PAP.
Cifrado: Proceso para transformar la información escrita en texto simple a texto

codificado.
Cifrado asimétrico: Cifrado que permite que la clave utilizada para cifrar sea
diferente a la utilizada para descifrar
Cifrado de archivos: Transformación de los contenidos texto simple de un archivo

a un formato ininteligible mediante algún sistema de cifrado.
Cliente inalámbrico: Todo dispositivo susceptible de integrarse en una red

inalámbrica como PDAs, portátiles, cámaras inalámbricas, impresoras.
Clave de cifrado: Serie de números utilizados por un algoritmo de cifrado para

transformar texto sin cifrar que se puede leer directamente en datos cifrados y
viceversa.
Confidencialidad: Garantizar que la información sea asequible sólo a aquellas

personas autorizadas a tener acceso a ella.
Control de accesos: Se utiliza para restringir el acceso a determinadas áreas del

computador, de la red, etc.
EAP - Protocolo de Autenticación Extensible (Extensible Authentication Protocol):

Extensión del Protocolo Punto a Punto (PPP). Proporciona un mecanismo
estándar para aceptar métodos de autenticación.
Estándar: Norma que se utiliza como punto de partida para el desarrollo de

servicios, aplicaciones, protocolos.
FAST (Flexible Authentication Secure Tunneling): Protocolo de seguridad WLAN

del tipo EAP. Impide los denominados ataques de diccionario por fuerza bruta
enviando una autenticación de contraseña entre el cliente WLAN y el punto de
acceso inalámbrico a través de un túnel cifrado seguro. Elimina la necesidad de
instalar servidores separados para tratar los certificados digitales empleados en
otro sistema de seguridad WLAN (como el PEAP).
Hot spot: Punto de Acceso generalmente localizado en lugares con gran tráfico de
público (estaciones, aeropuertos, hoteles) que proporciona servicios de red
inalámbrica de banda ancha a visitantes móviles.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - Instituto de Ingenieros

Eléctricos y Electrónicos, una asociación técnico-profesional mundial dedicada a la
estandarización entre otras actividades, su trabajo es promover la creatividad, el
desarrollo y la integración, compartir y aplicar los avances en las tecnologías de la
información, electrónica y ciencias en general para beneficio de la humanidad y de
los mismos profesionales.
Infraestructura: Topología de una red inalámbrica que consta de dos elementos

básicos: estaciones clientes inalámbricos y puntos de acceso.
ISP: Proveedor de Servicios de Internet.
LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol): Protocolo del tipo EAP

patentado por Cisco basado en nombre de usuario y contraseña que se envía sin
protección.
MAC - Dirección de Control de Acceso al Medio (Media Access Control Address):

Dirección hardware de 6 bytes (48 bits) única que identifica cada tarjeta de una red
y se representa en notación hexadecimal.
MD5: Algoritmo de cifrado de 128-bits del tipo EAP empleado para crear firmas
digitales.
802.11: Familia de estándares desarrollados por la IEEE para tecnologías de red

inalámbricas.
802.11a: Estándar de conexión inalámbrica que suministra una velocidad de

transmisión de 54 Mbps en una banda de 5 GHz.
802.11b: Estándar de conexión inalámbrica que suministra una velocidad de

transmisión de 11 Mbps en una banda de 2.4 GHz. Utiliza la tecnología DSSS
(Direct Sequencing Spread). La mayoría de los equipos utilizados en la actualidad
son de esta tecnología. No es compatible con el 802.11a pues funciona en otra
banda de frecuencia.
802.11e: Estándar destinado a mejorar la calidad de servicio en Wi-Fi. Es de suma

importancia para la transmisión de voz y video.
802.11g: Estándar de conexión inalámbrica que suministra una velocidad de

transmisión de 54 Mbps en una banda de frecuencia de 2.4 GHz. Una de sus
ventajas es la compatibilidad con el estándar 802.11b.
802.11i: Estándar de seguridad para redes Wi-Fi aprobado a mediados de 2004.

En él se define al protocolo de encriptación WPA2 basado en el algoritmo AES.
802.11n: Estándar para conseguir mayores velocidades de transmisión para Wi-Fi.

Estas serán superiores a 100 Mbps.
802.16: Estándar de transmisión inalámbrica conocido como WIMAX. Es

compatible con Wi-FI. La tecnología permite alcanzar velocidades de transmisión
de hasta 70 MBits en una banda de frecuencias entre 10 GHz y 66 GHz.
802.16d: Estándar de transmisión inalámbrica WIMAX que suministra una

velocidad de entre 300 Kbps y 2 Mbps en una banda de frecuencia de 2GHz a
11GHz. Se utiliza para el cubrimiento de la “primer milla”.
802.1x: Estándar de seguridad para redes inalámbricas y cableadas. Se apoya en

el protocolo EAP y establece la necesidad de autenticar y autorizar a cada usuario
que se conecte a una red.
PAP - Protocolo de Autenticación de Contraseñas (Password Authentication

Protocol): El método más básico de autenticación, en el cual el nombre de usuario
y la contraseña se transmiten a través de una red y se compara con una tabla de
parejas nombre-clave, la no coincidencia provocará la desconexión.
PEAP (Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol): Protocolo del tipo EAP para
la transmisión de datos autenticados, incluso claves, sobre redes inalámbricas
802.11. Autentica clientes de red Wi-Fi empleando sólo certificados del lado
servidor creando un túnel SSL/TLS cifrado entre el cliente y el servidor de
autenticación.
PKI - Infraestructura de Clave Pública: Sistema de certificados digitales,

Autoridades Certificadores y otras entidades de registro que verifican y autentican
la validez de cada una de las partes implicadas en una transacción vía Internet.
Punto de acceso (AP): Dispositivo inalámbrico central de una WLAN que mediante
sistema de radio frecuencia (RF) se encarga de recibir información de diferentes
estaciones móviles tanto para centralización como para enrutamiento.
RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service): Sistema de autenticación y

contabilidad empleado por la mayoría de proveedores de servicios de Internet
(ISPs).
RAS - Servidor de Acceso Remoto: Servidor dedicado a la gestión de usuarios que

no están en una red pero necesitan acceder remotamente a ésta.
Router: Es un conmutador de paquetes que opera en el nivel de red del modelo

OSI, proporciona un control del tráfico y funciones de filtrado; está conectado al
menos a dos redes, generalmente dos LANs o WANs o una LAN y la red de un
ISP.
Roaming: En redes inalámbricas se refiere a la capacidad de moverse desde un

área cubierta por un Punto de Acceso a otra sin interrumpir el servicio o pérdida de
conectividad.
Servidor de autenticación (AS): Servidor que gestiona las bases de datos de todos
los usuarios de una red y sus respectivas contraseñas para acceder a
determinados recursos.
Sistema de cifrado: Colección completa de algoritmos que tienen su propia

denominación en función de las claves que utilizan para cifrar.
Sniffers: Programa y/o dispositivo que monitorea la circulación de datos a través

de una red. Los sniffers pueden emplearse tanto con funciones legítimas de
gestión de red como para el robo de información.
SSID: Identificador de red inalámbrica, similar al nombre de la red pero a nivel Wi-
Fi.
TKIP - Protocolo de Integridad de Clave Temporal: Cifra las llaves utilizando un

algoritmo hash y, mediante una herramienta de chequeo de integridad, asegura
que las llaves no han sido manipuladas.
VLAN - Red de Área Local Virtual: Tipo de red que aparentemente parece ser una
pequeña red de área local (LAN) cuando en realidad es una construcción lógica
que permite la conectividad con diferentes paquetes de software. Sus usuarios
pueden ser locales o estar distribuidos en diversos lugares.
WAN – Red de Área Amplia: Tipo de red compuesta por dos o más redes de área
local (LANs).
Warchalking: Es la práctica de dibujar en paredes o aceras una serie de símbolos

para indicar a otros la proximidad de un acceso inalámbrico.
Wardriving: Técnica difundida donde individuos equipados con material apropiado

(dispositivo inalámbrico, antena, software de rastreo y unidad GPS) tratan de
localizar puntos de acceso inalámbrico.
Warspamming: Acceso no autorizado a una red inalámbrica y uso ilegítimo de la

misma para enviar correo masivo (spam) o realizar otro tipo de acciones que
comprometan el correcto uso de un sistema.
WEP – Privacidad Equivalente a Cableado: Es el sistema de cifrado incluido en el

estándar IEEE 802.11 como protocolo para redes inalámbricas que permite cifrar
la información que se transmite. Proporciona cifrado a nivel 2. Está basado en el

algoritmo de cifrado RC4, y utiliza claves de 64 bits (40 bits más 24 bits del Vector
de inicialización IV), de 128 bits (104 bits más 24 bits del vector de inicialización
IV).
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): Es el nombre comercial con el cual se conoce a todos los
dispositivos que funcionan sobre la base del estándar 802.11 de transmisión
inalámbrica.
WIMAX - Interoperabilidad Mundial para Acceso por Microondas: Es un estándar

de transmisión inalámbrica de datos (802.MAN) proporcionando accesos
concurrentes en áreas de hasta 48 kilómetros de radio y a velocidades de hasta
70 Mbps, utilizando tecnología que no requiere visión directa entre el punto
transmisor y el receptor.
WPA - Acceso Protegido Wi-Fi: Es un sistema para proteger las redes

inalámbricas (Wi-Fi); creado para corregir las deficiencias del sistema previo WEP
(Wired Equivalent Privacy - Privacidad Equivalente a Cableado).
WPA2 – Protocolo de Aplicación Inalámbrica: Protocolo de seguridad para redes

Wi-Fi, definido en el estándar 802.11i. Reemplaza al protocolo temporal WPA. Se
basa en el algoritmo AES y se debe incorporar a todos los Puntos de Acceso de
última generación.
1. Fuentes Documentales
Atheros Communications Inc. (2003). 802.11 Wireless LAN Performance. Doc.

991-00002-006. Sunnyvale, CA.
Ceballos, F. (2000). Visual Basic 6.0. 2 ed. Mexico, Ed. Mc Graw-Hill. ISBN 92-
315-2116-6.
Checa, L. (2000). Líneas de transporte de Energía. 3 Ed. Editorial Alfaomega.
Cheung, D. & Prettie C. (2002). A Path Loss Comparison Between the 5 GHz UNII
Band (802.11a) and the 2.4 GHz ISM Band (802.11b). Inter Labs, Intel
Corporation.
De Luque, L., Díaz, I. & Vasquez, S. (2005). Predicción del nivel de intensidad de
señal recibid RSSI en una red inalámbrica 802.11b mediante un modelo
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Distefano, M. (2003). Comunicaciones en Entornos Industriales. Universidad

Nacional de Cuyo.
Gonzalez, N. (1998). Comunicaciones y redes de procesamiento de datos. 3 ed.

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IEEE. (2003). ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11g. Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access
Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. ISBN 0-7381-
3701-4 SS95134.
Jangeun, J. & Mihail, S. (2003). “The Nominal Capacity of Gíreles Mesh

Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine.
Jimenez, M. (2006). Comunicaciones Industriales. Universidad Politécnica de

Valencia.
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Wireless and Power Line Networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine.
Marcelo N. (2006). “Estudo de propagação em ambientes fechados Para o

planejamento de wlans”. Río de Janeiro.
Rashid, M. (1993). Electrónica de Potencia. 2 ed. Mexico, Ed. Prentice Hall. ISBN
968-880-586-6
Reyders, D., Mackay, S., & Wright, E. (2005). Practical Industrial Data
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2819-5.
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ISBN 0-19-511690-9.
Stallings, W. (2000). Comunicaciones y redes de computadores. 6 ed. Madrid,

España: Pearson Educación. ISBN 84-205-2986-9
Stallings, W. (2006). Wireless Communications and Networks. Prentice - Hall.

Estados Unidos.
Tanenbaum, A. (2003). Redes de Computadores. Pearson Education. México.
Villaroel, C., Rodríguez, A., Valle, J. (2003). Diseño de una red de área local
inalámbrica. Universidad de Tarapacá Departamento de Electrónica. Arica,
Chile.
Yutaca, H. (2003). Sistemas de medida wireless LAN y software específico.

Revista Española de Electrónica. Barcelona.
Fuentes Electrónicas
Cabré, C. (2004). El acceso online a través de la red eléctrica, a paso lento.

Recuperado de
http://www.iese.edu/es/files/Art_ED_Cabr%C3%A9_PLC_Abril04_ESP_tc
m5-7390.pdf
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análisis del tráfico en redes de datos. Revista digital de las tecnologías de
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA – UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

UNIDAD 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS REDES DE DATOS, APOYADAS EN EL

CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS REDES DE DATOS

Lección 1. Objetivos de las redes de datos

CAPITULO 2. HERRAMIENTAS PARA LA SIMULACIÓN DE REDES

Leccion 1. FLAN (F- Links And Nodes)

CAPITULO 3. PROTOCOLOS DE RED

Lección 1. Protocolo TCP / IP

UNIDAD 2. CAD PARA WLAN, ADMINISTRACIÓN Y SEGURIDAD EN REDES

CAPITULO 1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LAS WLAN

Lección 1. Medios inalámbricos

CAPITULO 2. SEGURIDAD EN WIFI

Lección 1. Seguridad en el estándar 802.11

CAPITULO 3. CAD PARA REDES LAN INALAMBRICAS

Lección 1. Herramientas para medición de potencia

ASPECTOS DE PROPIEDAD INTELECTUAL Y VERSIONAMIENTO

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