GkW_ieiekjheiYk_ZWZeih[bWY_edWZeiWeifWY_[dj[iYecWb[h]_WWb_c[djWh5

Fhe`[je]h|ÓYeI_bl_W7cijWbZ[d<hWdYe?bkijhW‚€e<hWdY_iYWZeLWb
:[hcWj_j[7jŒf_YW[
KcWl[p[ijWX[b[Y_ZeeWb_c[djeikif[_je"Z[l[i[hd[Y[ii|h_WikWbeYWb_pW‚€e"[i#
f[Y_Wbc[dj[ dei fheZkjei _dZkijh_Wb_pWZei$ LeY… Z[l[ i[h eh_[djWZe W b[h hŒjkbei
[d[b[iXkiYWheiWb_c[djeifhe_X_Zei$Feh[n[cfbe"WcW_ehfWhj[ZWicWh]Wh_dWi
l[][jW_ib[lWcb[_j[[_iied[ci[cfh[ÓYWYbWhedWi[cXWbW][di"feZ[dZeb[lWh 7b[h]_W7b_c[djWh
}f_ehWZegkWZheZ[Z[hcWj_j[YecW_d][ij€eWY_Z[djWb$Kcekjhe
fedje_cfehjWdj[ƒiWX[hgk[ck_jWil[p[ieiWb_c[djeiWfWh[Y[c
Yecdec[iÇZ_i\Wh‚WZeiÈ"feh[n[cfbe"WfWbWlhWWbXkc_#
dWfh[i[dj[dkchŒjkbe"feZ[i_]d_ÓYWhele[YWi[#
‡dW feZ[ i_]d_ÓYWh b[_j[$ Feh _iie" W _d\ehcW‚€e [ e
Yed^[Y_c[djei€e\kdZWc[djW_i$I[efWY_[dj[\h[#
g”[djW[iYebWiekYh[Y^[i"[ijWiZ[l[ci[heh_[djW#
ZWiWfh_dY_fWbc[dj[[l_jWhWjheYWZ[bWdY^[i$

9eceleY…fŽZ[f[hY[X[h"WWb[h]_WWb_#
c[djWh[WZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YWfeZ[cWd#
ZWh`kdjWi"cWi_iied€eƒj€e\h[g”[dj[
Yece i[ f[diW$ x ck_je _cfehjWdj[
gk[ e Z_W]dŒij_Ye i[`W fh[Y_ie fWhW
i[ [l_jWh Z_[jWi Z[id[Y[ii|h_Wi gk[
_dYbki_l[ feZ[c b[lWh W kcW Z[ÓY_#
…dY_WZ[dkjh_[dj[il_jW_i[WkcZ_i#
j‘hX_e_cfehjWdj[dWhej_dW\Wc_b_Wh$
FWhWcW_i_d\ehcW‚[i[iYh[lWfWhW0
7iieY_W‚€eZ[7fe_e}:[hcWj_j[7jŒf_YW77:7
9W_nWFeijWb'/('+I€eFWkbe"IF9;F&*+&+#/-&
?cfehjWdj[09edikbj[i[cfh[ecƒZ_Ye[edkjh_Y_ed_ijWWdj[iZ[_d_Y_Wh mmm$WWZW$eh]$Xh[#cW_b0WWZW6keb$Yec$Xh
kcWZ_[jW"[d€ei[[igk[‚WZ[Z[i\hkjWhZeiXedicec[djeigk[kcW
XeWh[\[_‚€efeZ[e\[h[Y[h$ H[Wb_pW‚€e0
EiWb_c[djeii€ekcW_cfehjWdj[\edj[Z[[d[h]_W[Wb[]h_W[cdeiiWil_ZWi$De[djWdje"
Y[hjWc[dj[leY…`|ekl_k\WbWhZ[Wb[h]_WWb_c[djWh"Z[Wb]kƒcgk["feh[n[cfbe"Yec[k
kcYWcWh€eekWc[dZe_c[_dY^ek1ekZ[Wb]kcWYh_Wd‚Wgk[d€ejeb[hWb[_j[Z[lWYW$
?iieWYedj[Y[YeccW_iekc[dei-Z[jeZWiWiYh_Wd‚Wi[(Z[jeZeieiWZkbjei$CWi
Wjƒgk[fedjeWWb[h]_WWb_c[djWhjWcXƒc[ij|h[bWY_edWZWYecWZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW5
7i[]k_h"Wb]kdifedjei\kdZWc[djW_ifWhWgk[leY…i[jhWdg”_b_p[[YedZkpWZ[cWd[_hW
WZ[gkWZWWgk[ij€eWb_c[djWhdWZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW$
7ÓdWb"[n_ij[Yehh[bW‚€e[djh[Wb[h]_WWb_c[djWh[Z[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW5
I_c" cWi ƒ _cfehjWdj[ gk[ i[ iW_XW gk[ _iie d€e eYehh[ Yec jeZei ei fWY_[dj[i$
9[hYWZ[)&ZeifWY_[dj[iYecZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YWj…cWb[h]_WWWb]kcj_feZ[Wb_#
c[dje"i[dZecW_i\h[g”[dj[dWiYh_Wd‚Wif[gk[dWi[deigkWZheicW_i]hWl[i$Feh
_iie"dWiZ[hcWj_j[ib[l[i[deifWY_[dj[iWZkbjei"WY^WdY[Z[Wb[h]_WWb_c[djWhƒ
ck_jef[gk[dW$
GkW_ii€eeifh_dY_fW_iWb_c[djei[dlebl_Zei5
B[_j[Z[lWYW"b[_j[Z[YWXhW"ele"f[_n[i"Yhkij|Y[ei"c_b^e[Wc[dZe_c[ij€e[djh[
eifh_dY_fW_iWb_c[djeih[bWY_edWZei}Wb[h]_W"Yehh[ifedZ[dZeW.&Z[jeZeiei
YWiei$D€e[ijhWd^[WWki…dY_WZWYWhd[Z[fehYe[ZeY^eYebWj["fe_iYWieiYedÓh#
cWZeiZ[Wb[h]_WWb_c[djWh[ij€eck_jefekYeh[bWY_edWZeiW[ii[iWb_c[djei$LeY…
iŒZ[l[ÓYWhWj[djedeifWY_[dj[iYecWb[h]_WWb[_j[Z[lWYW"fe_iWcW_eh
fWhj[ZeideiieiY^eYebWj[ifeiik_b[_j[$
9ece feiie
f[hY[X[h gk[ W
9ecefeiief[hY[X[hi[WZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW
[ij|h[bWY_edWZWWWb_c[djei5
9ecfhelWhWfh[i[d‚WZ[kcWWb[h]_WWb_c[djWhd€eƒkcWjWh[\W\|Y_b[iec[dj[fe#
Z[h|i[h[n[YkjWZW[cfWhY[h_WYeci[kcƒZ_Ye$7b]kcWil[p[i"Wi_cfb[ieXi[hlW‚€e
feZ[ZWhWb]kdi_dZ‡Y_eiZ[Wb]kcj_feZ[Wb[h]_W$9Wiei[ikif[_j[Z[kcWb_c[dje"
ƒ_cfehjWdj[iWX[hgk["i[[b[\ehWYWkiWZWf_ehWZWZ[hcWj_j["_iieZ[l[h|eYehh[h
i[cfh[ gk[ i[ _d][h_h jWb Wb_c[dje$ ;iiW h[W‚€e feZ[ eYehh[h WfŒi Wb]kdi c_dkjei"
^ehWiekWjƒZ_WiWfŒiW_d][ij€e$
I[Wikif[_jW\eheb[_j[Z[lWYW"Wf_ehWZ[l[h|eYehh[hdW_d][ij€eZ[b[_j["gk[_`eiek_e#
]khj[i$?iieWYedj[Y[fehgk[dWZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YWefWY_[dj[Wbƒh]_YeWkcY[hjeWb_c[dje
fheZkpkcWfhej[‡dWY^WcWZW?];_ckde]beXkb_dW;gk[ƒ[if[Y‡ÓYWYedjhW[ii[Wb_c[d#
je$9^WcWcei[ii[fheY[iieZ[i[di_X_b_pW‚€e$JeZWl[pgk[[b[_d][h_heWb_c[dje"[iiW
?];ƒWj_lWZW[_d_Y_WefheY[iieWbƒh]_Yegk[Ykbc_dWh|YecWf_ehWZeii_djecWi$
;n_ij[c[nWc[ifWhWeZ_W]dŒij_YeZ[Wb[h]_WWb_c[djWh5
I_c" cWi Z[l[c i[h _dj[hfh[jWZei Z[ cWd[_hW Yk_ZWZeiW [ i[cfh[ Wkn_b_WZei feh kc
cƒZ_Ye$7ikif[_jWZ[Wb[h]_WWkcWb_c[djeZ[l[l_hZWYedikbjWZ[jWb^WZW[iŒZ[fe_i
[ii[i[nWc[ifeZ[ci[hieb_Y_jWZei$FeZ[ci[hh[Wb_pWZeiZe_ij_feiZ[[nWc[i0EFh_Ya
J[ij"gk[ƒ\[_jedWf[b["[eH7IJ"gk[ƒ\[_jedeiWd]k[$7cXeil€eZ[j[YjWhW?];[if[#
Y‡ÓYWfWhWeWb_c[djeikif[_je$D€e[n_ij[[ii[[nWc[fWhWgkWbgk[hWb_c[dje"d[cfWhW
YehWdj[i ek Yedi[hlWdj[i$ De YWie ZW Z[hcWj_j[ WjŒf_YW" i[ [ii[ [nWc[ \eh d[]Wj_le"
j[cei/&Z[Y^WdY[Z[WÓhcWhgk[efWY_[dj[d€eƒWbƒh]_YeWeWb_c[djej[ijWZe$I[
\ehfei_j_le"i[h|d[Y[ii|h_e[nYbk_heWb_c[dje[eXi[hlWhYeceefWY_[dj[i[YecfehjW$
I€eck_jeYeckdieih[ikbjWZei\Wbie#fei_j_lei[fehjWdje[ii[ih[ikbjWZeiZ[l[ci[h
l_ijeiYecck_jWYWkj[bWfWhWi[[l_jWhZ_[jWiZ[[b_c_dW‚€eZ[id[Y[ii|h_Wi$
:[leW\WijWhYehWdj[i[Yedi[hlWdj[iZWZ_[jW5
D€e^|YecfhelW‚€eY_[dj‡ÓYWZ[gk[Yedi[hlWdj[ifeiiWc[ijWhh[bWY_edWZei}f_ehW
ZWZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW$7bƒcZecW_i"[iiWƒkcWZ_[jWZ[h[ijh_‚€eck_jeZ_\‡Y_b[d€e
jhWh|d[d^kcX[d[\‡Y_e$GkWdjeWeiYehWdj[i"c[icegk[Wb]kcWif[iieWif[hY[XWc
kcWf_ehWWfŒi_d][h_hWb_c[djeick_jeh_Yei[cYehWdj[iWhj_ÓY_W_iYece][bWj_dWiek
Wb]kdiikYei"d€e^|ZWZeiikÓY_[dj[igk[Yecfhel[cgk[i[`W‘j_bkcWZ_[jWYec
_i[d‚€eZ[YehWdj[i$
i[\ehh[j_hWZeeWb_c[djeZWZ_[jW"efWY_[dj[[ijWh|YkhWZe
ZWZ[hcWj_j[WjŒf_YW5
I[ e fWY_[dj[ j_l[h Wb[h]_W Wb_c[djWh" W h[j_hWZW Ze Wb_c[dje ikif[_je Yedjh_Xk_h|
fWhWkcWc[b^ehW_cfehjWdj[ZegkWZhe"cWid€ei[[igk[‚Wgk[WZ[hcWj_j[ƒkcW
Ze[d‚W ckbj_\Wjeh_Wb" _ije ƒ" [bW feZ[ i[h _dÔk[dY_WZW feh _d‘c[hei \Wjeh[i \ehW ei
Wb_c[djei"Yecefeh[n[cfbe"fheZkjeigk‡c_Yei"|YWhei"j[cf[hWjkhW[kc_ZWZ[Ze
Wh[[ijh[ii[[ceY_edWb$
D€eƒhk_cÓYWhi[cWb_c[djei_cfehjWdj[iYeceb[_j[[ele5
GkWdZeWWb[h]_WWb_c[djWhi[YedÓhcW"Z[l[h[cei\Wp[hkcWZ_[jWZ[[b_c_dW‚€e"fe_i
_iiefeZ[h|Yedjh_Xk_h[\[j_lWc[dj[fWhWWc[b^ehWZegkWZhe$;iiWZ_[jW[c][hWbd€eƒ
fWhWi[cfh["fe_iWf[iieW[l[djkWbc[dj[feZ[f[hZ[hWi[di_X_b_ZWZ[WeWb_c[dje$
xd[iiW^ehWgk[[djhW[cW‚€eWb]kƒcgk[feZ[h|deiW`kZWhck_je0kcfheÓii_edWb
Z[dkjh_‚€e"fe_ih[j_hWheb[_j[Z[kcX[X…_cfb_YW\ehd[Y[h[cjheYWkcikXij_jkje
i[]khe"eki[`W"]WhWdj_hgk[d€e^Wl[h|h[W‚€eWbƒh]_YW[Wii[]khWheXec\ehd[Y_#
c[dje Z[ dkjh_[dj[i fWhW e i[k Yh[iY_c[dje [ Z[i[dlebl_c[dje$ ;b[ jWcXƒc dei
[di_dWh[Y[_jWiWbj[hdWj_lWigk[f[hc_j[clWh_WheYWhZ|f_e]WhWdj_dZekcWh[\[_‚€e
fhWp[heiW"YeceZ[l[i[h$