TREMATODA

USUS

Dosen Pengampu:
Lisa Savitri, S.Si., M.Imun.
 TREMATODA 03

Fasciolopsis buski

Penyakit : fasciolopsiasis

Hospes : manusia, babi

Distribusi geografik : RRC,Taiwan, Thailand

Vietnam, Indonesia

Habitat : duodenum, jejunum

Morfologi TREMATODA 04
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSK

Cacing dewasa
 2-7,5 cm x 0,8 – 2 cm
 Lonjong, tebal
 Warna ∞ daging
 Kutikulum berduri
 o.s < v.s
 Caecum tidak bercabang
 2 testis bercabang,
tandem
 1 ovarium bercabang
Morfologi TREMATODA 04
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSK

Telur
 130-140 x 80 – 85 µ
 Lonjong
 Kekuningan
 Operkulum
 Dinding tipis, jernih
S.H. Fasciolopsis buski TREMATODA 05
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

± 21.000-28.000/hr
Cacing dewasa dalam telur keluar
duodenum/jejunum bersama tinja
25-30 hr
Kista dicernakan
dalam duodenum

tertelan

t = 27-32ºC
3-7 mgg

miracidium

2 hr
I.H.   (Tumb. air) I.H.  (Segmentina,
mjd. metacercaria Hippeutis, Gyraulus)

Trapa, Eichornia sporakista  R   R    SK

Eliocharis, Zizania
4 – 7 minggu
 TREMATODA 06
FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

GX : TX :
 nyeri epigastrium  diklorofen
 mual  niklosamid
 diare
 praziquantel
 edema
 ileus akut
Pencegahan
DX :
 gx klinis Memasak atau
merendam dalam air
(bila didaerah endemi) mendidih tumbuhan air
 menemukan telur dlm yang akan dimakan
tinja
 Heterophyes heterophyes
(Penyakit: Heterophyasis)
• Distribusi geografis • Definitif host
- Cina manusia, hewan pemakan ikan
- Asia Tenggara • Intermediate host
- Mesir I. Pironella conica
• Habitat
Cerithidea cingulata
Mukosa usus
II. Tilapia nilotica
Mugil japonicus
Acanthogobius
Tilapia
 Morfologi
• Telur
- 29 X 16 mikron
- coklat muda
- memiliki operkulum
- kulit tebal
• Dewasa
- kecil; 1,3 X 0,5 mm
- ventral sucker > oral sucker
- genital sucker +
Adults of Heterophyes heterophyes are minute flukes, measuring 1-2 mm in length. The
tests are large and paired, and are situated near a small ovary. The surface of the worm
is covered with minute spines. Adults reside in the small intestine of the definitive host.
In this figure, the following structures are labeled: oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH),
intestine (IN), ventral sucker, or acetabulum (AC), and eggs within the uterus (UT).
Life cycle
 Life cycle
• Adults release embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed miracidium, and eggs are
passed in the host's feces . After ingestion by a suitable snail (first intermediate host), the
eggs hatch and release miracidia which penetrate the snail’s intestine . Genera Cerithidia
and Pironella are important snail hosts in Asia and the Middle East respectively. The
miracidia undergo several developmental stages in the snail, i.e. sporocysts , rediae , and
cercariae . Many cercariae are produced from each redia. The cercariae are released from
the snail and encyst as metacercariae in the tissues of a suitable fresh/brackish water fish
(second intermediate host) . The definitive host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked
or salted fish containing metacercariae . After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst, attach to
the mucosa of the small intestine and mature into adults (measuring 1.0 to 1.7 mm by 0.3 to
0.4 mm) . In addition to humans, various fish-eating mammals (e.g., cats and dogs) and
birds can be infected by Heterophyes heterophyes .
 Gejala klinis

• Infeksi ringan
- tidak tampak
• Infeksi berat
- diare menahun
- kolik
- rasa tidak enak dan nyeri diperut
- terdapat eosinofili
 Diagnosa dan pengobatan
• Diagnosa
- pemeriksaan tinja  telur

• Pengobatan
• Prazikuantel 25 mg/Kg BB/po/dosis tunggal
• Tetrakloroetilen 5 ml/po/dosis tunggal
 Pencegahan
• Masak ikan dengan sempurna
• Buang air besar tidak disembarang tempat
• Pendidikan kesehatan
• Pengawasan hewan sumber penularan
 Metagonimus yokogawai
(Penyakit :Metagonimiasis)
• Distribusi geografis • Habitat
- Jepang - mukosa jejunum
- Korea • Definitif host
- Cina - Manusia, anjing, kucing, babi,
- Taiwan
burung pelikan
- Malaysia
• Intermediate host
- Rusia
- Spanyol I. Semisulcospira libertina
- Balkan II. Salmon, Plectoglossus
 Morfologi
• Telur (mirip telur Heterophyes
heterophyes)
- 28 X 17 mikron
- kuning keabuan
- memiliki operkulum
- dinding tebal
• Dewasa
- kecil 1,4 X 0,6 mm
- vs > os
- testis  posterior
- ovarium  tengah
 Metagonimus yokogawai adult flukes are minute intestinal flukes (1-2.5 mm in length)
that resemble Heterophyes heterophyes. An important distinctive feature is the position
of the ventral sucker (genitoacetabulum), which is to the side of the midline and closely
associated with the genital pore. Adults reside in the small intestine of the definitive host.
Adult M. yokogawai.
In this figure, the following structures are labeled: oral sucker (OS), pharynx (PH),
intestine (IN), genitoacetabulum (GA), ovary (OV), the large, paired testes (TE), and
eggs within the uterus (EG).
Life cycle
 Life cycle
• Adults release fully embryonated eggs each with a fully-developed miracidium, and eggs are
passed in the host’s feces . After ingestion by a suitable snail (first intermediate host), the
eggs hatch and release miracidia which penetrate the snail’s intestine . Snails of the genus
Semisulcospira are the most frequent intermediate host for Metagonimus yokogawai. The
miracidia undergo several developmental stages in the snail, i.e. sporocysts , rediae , and
cercariae . Many cercariae are produced from each redia. The cercariae are released from
the snail and encyst as metacercariae in the tissues of a suitable fresh/brackish water fish
(second intermediate host) . The definitive host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked
or salted fish containing metacercariae . After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst, attach to
the mucosa of the small intestine and mature into adults (measuring 1.0 mm to 2.5 mm by
0.4 mm to 0.75 mm) . In addition to humans, fish-eating mammals (e.g., cats and dogs) and
birds can also be infected by M. yokogawai .
 Gejala klinis
• Infeksi ringan  tanpa gejala
• Infeksi sedang  diare dan sakit perut
• Infeksi berat
- demam
- nyeri perut
- kolik
- eosinofili
 Diagnosa dan pengobatan
• Diagnosa
- menemukan telur dalam tinja

• Pengobatan
- Prazikuantel 25 mg/Kg BB/po/dosis tunggal
 Pencegahan
• Masak ikan dengan sempurna
• BAB tidak disembarang tempat
• Pengawasan Hewan sumber penularan
• Hygiene pribadi
~ selesai 