4.1. A horizontal infinitesimal electric dipole of constant current Jp is placed symmetrically about the origin and directed along the x-axis. Derive the (a) fat-zone fields radiated by the dipole (b) directivity of the antenna pL. a. 2 4 sinps {i-cos*p = ft - oe = f1-Ginecosg)> rt . Tn far- Jone Fields Zz Ep = pp eee siny jy Rete af ~Sind Gosgy t ne . = & Hy = j BREE? siny + b= Us (I-sin's os*v) Prod = Unf ("c= site cos) stnadads = Us: 8 QRafttes 215 Uae4.3. For Problem 4.1 determine the polarization of the radiated far-zone electric fields (Eg, E,) and normalized amplitude pattern in the following planes: @) b= 0° (b) @ = 90° © @= 90° 3. * Q. =o! (x-z% plane) k sjkr Ey =i BRE rants =} s\kr dt fobe CoS At fo" Ew has only Ge direction. Eye Ee polarization b B20? (¥-2 plane) nay ktobecike Ep sjp tute’ 4. : ” OS Ae B=9o°, Cu-@ plane), Ey has only Oy divecion , Ey > Ee. polarization C. 6 FO Cx-y plane) = jy kBseit pe sikr Ep jytntel® [cosy =p PELE. sing At 0°30. Ca,y) , Ey has only dy direction. Ey ~ Eg polayitation ©)4.7. An infinitesimal electric dipole is centered at the origin and lies on the x-y plane along, a line which is at an angle of 45° with respect to the x-axis. Find the far-zone electric and magnetic fields radiated. The answer should be a function of spherical coordinates. = yn RL sit cn Ep we sin Y uy REL ete ane we3 siny Convert Y to spherical coordinates simp = 1-cos*p = J ~ (at. dr )* © Gerd Gos (+ Y).(desina cap + dy Sing sing + dz @os8) a i Sino Sing _ Lg \ sine us + “ = Sind COsptsing) = ty klk She Eee ita {i ~Elsinte (cosp sing) Hy sj AEE SM Tests Cogpsina4.15. The current distribution on a terminated and matched long linear (traveling wave) antenna of length 1, positioned along the z-axis and fed at its one end, is given by = Ane, O<2' SI where Jp is a constant. Derive expressions for the (a) far-zone spherical electric and magnetic field components (b) radiation power density 415, 4 Bi pike” JAR 4 . = de el et \de’s dy AT jkr sik(l- es , a ), RS Ge gee aN | giberesedey sike 7h she : z= Aes ( EMCI OS0)F dC iheI-Cas6 2] R006) 27 ae =} jkCI-056) 7 Ars Anak ¢ if ur [ “JR Cl-cos0) fe Andel” g er For far-fieid > te wea Ag+ DoAg Er xo Therefore Ey =o vowR= 1428765 2 4626 13.13 +50 10.18754.20. Use the equations in the book or the computer program at the end of the chapter. Find the radiation efficiency of resonant linear electric dipoles of length (a) 1= M50 (b) 1 = 4 @l=2 @ Assume that each dipole is made out of copper [o = 5.7 X 107 S/m], has a radius of 104A, and is operating at f = 10 MHz. Use the computer program at the end of the chapter to find the radiation resistances. 4-20, Rr = Gom*(4)*, a=10*A, f= MMe, 5= 5.7 x10"S/m Ri = Rag = £[% = 4 HA-é & _£_ raw xio"(an xis") Same 1x10") Rix Rag = 1.3245 (4) Cea = es @ L= 750; Re = Gom*(Gex) = 6316 ohms R= a = 13245 (Fp) = 0.02649 ea = x1oo = 0-316xX 100 ae. = 72.26% 0.02647 + 0.316 TR bh) L=9%4; From Pob4ue Rr = 6.8888 R= Rng = 18248 = 0.33il eed = 6.8388 X100 6.8388 +0. 331] = 75.38% cc) £= Aj From poh nit, Re = 9313 Rus Rig = £3348 = 0.66225 Req = 23.12 X100 = 9904 73.18 + 0.66235 Ploy, =A; From Prob 4-19, R= 197. 087 RLS Rng = 43245 Sad = IOP 199.099 + 1.3245 = IRS4 KX4.26. A half-wave dipole is radiating into free space. The coordinate system is defined so that the origin is at the center of the dipole and the z-axis is aligned with the dipole. Input power to the dipole is 100 W. Assuming an overall efficiency of 50%, find the power density (in W/m?) at r = 500 m, @ = 60°, @ = 0°. 426. i time average power density (Way= a7) ar [esi$ese)] Pred = use ETE O88) 4g ° swe in?Q) Prat = 3 2 Rralbl* Ra = FLV taceny- ~Gan)}= Wwatts/m2,4,28. A linear half-wavelength dipole is operating at a frequency of 1 GHz, determine the capacitance or inductance that must be placed across the input terminals of the dipole So that the antenna becomes resonant (make the total input impedance real), What is then the VSWR of the resonant half-wavelength dipole when it is connected to a 50- ohm line? 4-28, 4 2, Ze=5Ochms i 5 23-j 42. Zin = 73+j42.5, Yin= me WB*jA25 73-|42.5 Yin = 0.01023 ~J0-0059563 = (10.23 -]5.9563)XI07= Gigi By B;, = wc,= . n= Sl 5.97563 x10"S = ie MC af Cin > C= BIE = BORE agg gt ~ Cin = 094797 pF Gin = 10.23 x168 ee = Rinr Ze _ 9275-50 _ Rn= Gin = 97-75, Tn=Batze appease 7 08282 vswr=—lt [Tink | 140.3282. = 1.95: \-ITinl tT -o.8ag2 bss 4.33. A lossless, resonant, center-fed 3/4 linear dipole, radiating in free space is attached to a balanced, lossless transmission line whose characteristic impedence is 300 ohms. Calculate thie (a) radiation resistance (referred to the current maximum) (b) input impedance (referred to the input terminals) (©) VSWR on the transmission line For parts (a) and (b) use the computer program at the end of the chapter. 4.34. Repeat Problem 4.33 for a center-fed 51/8 dipole. 434. beoga5a, G. Using, -60a), CB-6ob) Rr = 31-7415, Xr = 146131638 b. Using ¢8-6la), (8-616) Rm =154.5797 , Xin = 171-203 €, = 14.599 -300 © 4 319 WR = Lito.3teF] r iS4.57) 4300 ant, ¥ T=Fasie= $74074.47, A horizontal 1/50 infinitesimal dipole of constant current and length J is placed parallel to the y-axis a distance h = 0.107 above an infinite electric ground plane. Find all the nulls formed by the antenna system in the ¢ = 90° plane. E47 Ey (p=90')= CarCosd-sinChheose) , C= -7 Katee amr Eptp=909|, _ = Co-costn-sin(o.to7rkasée) =0 CoSOn=0 = On= @S'(0)= 90° Sin (0.707 AK OS An) = Sin C.-4l4 1COSEn) =O D144 TCOSEn = Sin'(o) 14l4m CoSbn = Si") = tnt, N=0,1,2,3, °° bn= os'(+75q) ,N=0,1,2,3,--° neo: On= @S'(0) = 90° meth: n= OS ag) = 45° W=s2: On= Cs! (tp4q) = Does not exist. The Same holds for N23. } for O° 90°4.53. Two astronauts equipped with handheld radios Land on different parts of a large asteroid. The radios are identical and transmit 5 W average power at 300 MHz. Assume the asteroid is a smooth sphere with physical radius of 1,000 km, has no atmosphere, and consists of a lossless dielectric material with relative permittivity e, = 9. Assume that the radios’ antennas can be modeled as vertical infinitesimal electric dipoles, Determine the signal power (in microwaits) received by each radio from the other, if the astronauts are separated by a range (distance along the asteroid’s surface) of 2 km, and hold their radios vertically at heights of 1.5 m above the asteroid’s surface. Additional Information Required to Answer this Question: Prior to landing on the asteroid the astronauts calibrated their radios. Separating themselves in outer space by 10 km, the astronauts found the received signal power at each radio from the other was 10 microwatts, when both antennas were oriented in the same direction, 1-53 From Calibration 5 Pr _ Ca Pr pan tox? yas a Pe RE Ct Pe Se * (10x08)? = 200m On asteroid Pr Be Se) ce ppyeiz4he oro]* Approximate geometry 5 t , i ¢ hes 5m et hrs 5m v \ ——_—sa00%m =ton' (LE) x y3.= 0.086" yp =tan ao) <1.5xt03= 0.086 t= E-p ; oset=sinps 15x 108 ingt= Smei 2. coggta 2 Smg= Sees 5 ost 2y awe Ry = z coset —cose® _ 3C-5x108) — “S = - 0.9905 Bcspircset — 3c-8x0%) +2e S/=S = looom 5 a= 108m , Ye (990) 1000) ~ S87 _ =[1+ = Dati+ aa tan yp 1 [itz 10®(2000) 1.5% (0 1 =f. 8 A= F = 3x 21m ¥ 300x (0 vag hf p> [4 DR eIeh Os] | 1- conpus)(o99o5)So"™ | = 14 ~ (0.9946) (0.9905) 64" |* = 00541972 Pee Gal (00541772) (5) = 13544 x10 W = 185 UW 2X p = 0.997¢64.54, A satellite S transmits an electromagnetic wave, at 10 GHz, via its transmitting antenna. The characteristics of the satellite-based transmitter are: (a) The power radiated from the satellite antenna is 10 W. (b) The distance between the satellite amenna and a point A on the earth’s surface is 3.7 10" m, and (©) The satellite transmitting antenna directivity in the direction SA is 50 dB Ignoring ground effects, 1. Determine the magnitude of the E-field at A. 2. If the receiver at point A is a A/2 dipole, what would be the voltage reading at the terminals of the antenna? 4-54, Prad = 10 Watt, F=3.7x107m, Do=5odB - to* G. Dp= At Umer = amr lel* nes md 27-16 =10' , (Since U @ ers LoPx2xl20rX 10 _ 4 xic® 4M (3.7% 107)? EB =2x10* V/m b. Use Friis Transmission . (He)* Got “Gov = (#a)* Dot Dor (Since we ascume loo% eftici h (OGHE , A=0.03m e. ficiency ) 0.03 a Po. [03 (apa | (9008) Ct 642) 6-84 xto'> Pe 2 Preceived = Ze, Since Rr=93=Rin for % dipole then V= V@rciym)(Rin) = 3KV