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9+ Iekgolmkzm/ kc l}mrzxmr z} oerzg ke `ghomr jm moog bck czxgr tmxrckgr+ Lgkzmkog tgxg
ze+ Mrzg mr }kg lgkmxg jm lgkzmkmx og mkmxfìg jexmbzg u zczgolmkzm mkicbgjg mk oc
w}m zþ w}emxmr+ @ghogx rchxm mooc u bcltgxzexoc bck fmkzm oc þkebc w}m `gbm mr
jertmxrgx z} mkmxfìg u t}mjm w}m oomym lçr zemltc mo w}m ocr jmrmcr rm lgkeiemrzmk+
Og Oerzg Lçfeb
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jenc w}m `ghìg bclmk~gjc g mrbxehex }kg oerzg bclc og w}m uc `ghìg jmrbxezc mk og
bogrm b}gkjc mxg tmw}m÷c+ Lm jenc w}m og `ghìg ooglgjc ‟Oerzg Lçfebg“ u nglçr oc
bclmkzò bck kgjem/ ke rew}emxg bck r} `mxlgkc+ §Mrzghg zgk rcxtxmkjejc jm cìxlm
`ghogx jm r} rmbxmzc' Mkzckbmr åo w}erc lcrzxgxlm r} oerzg g}kw}m uc txczmrzå tcx
mooc+ Lm gomfxc w}m oc `ebemrm mk mrzm bgrc mk tgxzeb}ogx
tgxzeb}ogx tcxw}m r} oerzg mxg l}u tcbc
bcxxemkzm u lm jmlcrzxò oc ymxjgjmxglmkzm leogfxcrg w}m mr mrzg `mxxglemkzg+
Mrzm `clhxm/ mkzckbmr jm }kcr bekb}mkzg g÷cr jm mjgj/ zmkìg ygxecr `chhemr/ og
lgucxìg xmogbeckgjcr bck bcombbeckgx chnmzcr u hczmoogr xgxgr u gkzef}gr ‒ gof}kgr jm
l}b`c ygocx+ Ocr t}kzcr jm r} oerzg mxgk bcrgr jm ogr w}m og lgucxìg jm og fmkzm ke
rew}emxg `g cìjc `ghogx c `g yerzc gkzmr+ R} oerzg mrzghg l}u jmrfgrzgjg/ u zmkìg
ygxegr ixgrmr zgb`gjgr+
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f}gxjghg
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c
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jckjm rm ymkjìgk bcrgr/ u jckjm jmrb}hxeò }kc c ygxecr jm r}r jmrmcr jm og oerzg g }k
txmbec zczgolmkzm gjmb}gjc tgxg åo+ Remltxm rm mkbckzxghg g re lerlc mk mo o}fgx
tmximbzc mk mo lclmkzc tmximbzc+ ]kc jm ocr jmrmcr jm r} oerzg rm lgkeimrzò zxmr
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bckjeb
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mo bgxzmo ‐Mk ymkzg― u mo txmbec mxg mo gjmb}gjc+ Lçr zgxjm/ yekc go zxghgnc bckj}bemkjc
r} bcb`m tgxg lcrzxçxlmoc+
@m w}mxejc bcltgxzex
bcltgxzex mrzg mptmxem
mptmxemkbeg
kbeg bck ycrczxcr tgxg mkigze~gx mo `mb`c jm w}m og
Oerzg Lçfebg remltxm i}kbeckg/ ekbo}rc tgxg gw}moocr w}m kc mrzçk igleoegx
igleoegxe~gjcr
e~gjcr bck
bckbmtzcr lmzgiìrebcr+
Og X}mjg Lçfebg
B}gkjc mxg gjcomrbmkzm/ bclmkbå g bxmgx oc w}m uc ooglc Og X}mjg Lçfebg/ gofc
w}m gtxmkjì jm tmxrckgr bclc Bgz`mxekm Tckjmx/ g}zcxg jm Ctmkekf Uc}x Lekj Zc
Txcrtmxezu (Ghxemkjc z} lmkzm g og txcrtmxejgj%/ u w}m moog jmkclekghg Og X}mjg jm
og Icxz}kg+ Jmrjm mkzckbmr/ `m cìjc kclhxgxoc jm icxlgr jeimxmkzmr tcx i}mkzmr
jerzekzgr bclc t+ mn+ “Og X}mjg jm og Txcrtmxejgj“/ tmxc oc lçr eltcxzgkzm mr w}m mrzg
mr czxg tcjmxcrg `mxxglemkzg w}m i}kbeckg tgxg zcjc mo l}kjc+
Og X}mjg Lçfebg i}kbeckg bclc og Oerzg Lçfebg/ mpbmtzc mk w}m `gbmr jeh}ncr jm oc
w}m
w}m jm
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lgkeimrzgx oc w}m jmrmgr mk }k bcxzc tmxecjc jm zemltc+
7+ Mk txelmx o}fgx/ bcltxg gof}kgr bgxz}oekgr fxgkjmr mk ocr bcocxmr w}m lçr zm
f}rz
f} rzmk
mk++ TcTcxx mn
mnml
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bcoc
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mk++ Ye
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mr yehxgbeòk u mkmxfìg/ u oc w}m mrzglcr `gbemkjc mr zxghgngx u n}fgx bck og
mkmxfìg++ Re oc w}m mrzçr zxghgngkjc
mkmxfìg zxghgngkjc mr mo glcx u mo xclgkb xclgkbm/ m/ t}mjm w}m jmrmmr
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2+ H}rbg mk xmyerzgr/ txctgfgkjg u gk}kbecr gw}moogr elçfmkmr/ mk bcocx/ jm oc
w}m jmrmgr+ Mo r}hbckrbemkzm xmrtckjmxç lçr xçtejglmkzm g ogr elçfmkmr mk
bcocx w}m g ogr elçfmkmr mk hogkbc u kmfxc+ Xmbòxzgogr u tåfgogr mk og x}mjg+
:+ @m mkrm÷gjc g og fmkzm g }zeoe~gx x}mjgr jeimxmkzmr tgxg jeimxmkzmr zetcr jm
jmrmcr+ Tcx mnmltoc/ re jmrmgr glcx u xclgkbm tck mk z} x}mjg rcoc ogr
elçfmkmr w}m xmtxmrmkzmk mo glcx u mo xclgkbm tgxg ze/ bclc bcxg~ckmr/
iczcfxgiìgr jm tgxmngr/ mzb+ Tck elçfmkmr w}m xmtxmrmkzmk og txcrtmxejgj u mo
jekmxc/ c z} zxghgnc ejmgo/ c mo zxghgnc jm z} yejg/ mk z} x}mjg jm og txcrtmxejgj+
T}mjm w}m jmrmmr xmbcxzgx iczcfxgiìgr jm jekmxc jm og bgzmfcxìg w}m w}emxgr u
tmfgxogr mk z} x}mjg+ ]kg iczcfxgiìg jm z} k}myg txcimreòk om lcrzxgxç g z}
r}hbckrbemkz
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=+ ]kg ym~ w}m `gr bcltomzgjc bgjg }kg jm ogr x}mjgr/ tmfg gofc mk moogr w}m
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tcx mnmltoc+ Mk le bogrm jm Mrtexez}goejgj Kgzeyg Glmxebgkg/ zglheåk g÷gjelcr
gofc w}m xmtxmrmkzg k}mrzxcr zczmlr tmxrckgomr+ G÷gjex gofc w}m xmtxmrmkzg z}
bckbmtzc jm og mrtexez}goejgj refkeiebg g÷gjex tcjmx/ mkmxfìg u txczmbbeòk g z}
x}mjg+ T}mjm w}m jmrmmr tckmx }kg iczcfxgiìg
iczcfxgiìg jm ze lerlc#g mk bgjg x}mjg/ jm
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lgzm
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9+ Chrmxyg z} X}mjg Lçfebg zcjcr ocr jìgr/ mrtmbegolmkzm kgjg lçr jmrtmxzgx u
gkzmr jm jcxlex+ U jm k}myc zm jefc/ kc l}mrzxmr z}r x}mjgr g czxgr tmxrckgr+
Zgo u bclc jebm Bgz`mxekm Tckjmx> oc w}m mr rgfxgjc mr rmbxmzc+
Giexlgbeckmr Tcrezeygr
L}b`cr jm ycrczxcr `ghåer cìjc `ghogx jmo tcjmx jm ogr giexlgbeckmr tcrezeygr tgxg
bxmgx oc w}m jmrmglcr mk og yejg+ Re `ghåer zmkejc bxmmkbegr bclc ogr w}m lmkbeckå
go txekbetec jm mrzm gxzeb}oc/ bxmmkbegr w}m `gk mrzgjc gtgxzçkjccr jm oc w}m w}mxìger/
mo }rc jm ogr gie iexxlgbeckmr tcre rezzeyg
ygrr mr i}kjglmkzgo+ B}gkjc rm }zeo eoee~gk
xmtmzejglmkzm/ ogr giexlgbeckmr tcrezeygr xmtxcfxglgk oezmxgolmkzm mo r}hbckrbemkzm+
Rck
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kmbmrezgr g`cxg tgxg lgkeimrzgx mpgbzglmkzm oc w}m jmrmgr+ Og }zeoe~gbeòk jm ogr
giexlgbeckmr tcrezeygr mr }kg jm ogr bcrgr lçr tcjmxcrgr w}m t}mjmr `gbmx tgxg
gu}jgxzm+
Ogr giexlgbeckmr tcrezeygr rck jmbogxgbeckmr tcrezeygr w}m mrbxehmr u#c ommr g jegxec
`grzg w}m oc w}m jmrmgr rm lgkeiemrzg mk z} yejg+ Ommx u mrbxehex xmtmzejglmkzm
giexl
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8+ Omm z}r giexlgbeckmr
giexlgbeckmr tcrezeygr
tcrezeygr mk yc~ gozg+ Og tgoghxg `ghogjg
`ghogjg mr l}u tcjmxcrg u
bxmgxç ocr xmr}ozgjcr xçtejglmkzm+ Tckjxç bemxzgr yehxgbeckmr mk lcyelemkzc w}m rm
lgkeimrzgxçk bck icxlg+
Mk bckbo}reòk…
Mrzgr rck gof}kgr `mxxglemkzgr tgxg w}m t}mjgr lgkeimrzgx xçtejglmkzm mo jekmxc/ og
txcrtmxejgj u og gh}kjgkbeg/ c b}gow}emx czxg bcrg w}m jmrmmr mk z} yejg+ Czxgr
`mxxglemkzgr l}u mimbzeygr w}m t}mjmr mptocxgx rck mo Imkf R`}e (w}m lgkzemkm og
mkmxfìg tcrezeyg io}umkjc mk z} mkzcxkc tmxrckgo u txcimreckgo%/ l}jxgr (tcrz}xgr
lgk}gomr jm ucfg%/ lgkzxgr (giexlgbeckmr jm tgoghxgr#rckejcr% u mo }rc jmo tcjmx jmo
rckej
rckejc/
c/ bc
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bxmgk ymxjgjmxg lgfeg mk z} yejg+
Zglheåk mr l}u eltcxzgkzm jmngx ex+ Tcx le mptmxemkbeg mk ocr rmlekgxecr/ ymc w}m
mrzc mr gofc mk oc w}m l}b`g fmkzm rm w}mjg gzxgtgjg+ Jmrmgk bckzxcogx mo bòlc u mo
b}çkjc gofc rm yg g lgkeimrzgx+ Mrzc ròoc bxmg }k hocw}mc mk mo io}ex jm og mkmxfìg+
Jmrt}år jm `ghmx }zeoe~gjc ogr `mxxglemkzgr jmrbxezgr gkzmxecxlmkzm/ jexefemkjc z}
gzmkbeòk þkebglmkzm `gbeg oc w}m jmrmgr/ mr eltcxzgkzm rcozgxrm gkzmr ocr xmr}ozgjcr+
Ròoc
Ròoc jmn
jmng
g w}m cb}xxg+
cb}xxg+ Kc zm txm
txmcb}
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tmr mk ghr
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co}zc+
zc+ Tmxlìzmom
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xmgoejgj+ Bckiìg mk w}m mo ]keymxrc zm zxgmxç mo jmrmc jm og lmncx lgkmxg tcrehom+
Jmhmr rghmx w}m k}kbg mrzçr rcoc+ Remltxm t}mjmr tmjex gu}jg g z} Uc R}tmxecx/
çkfmomr
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f}ìgr/
gr/ Lgm
Lgmrzx
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cr Grb
Grbmkje
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w}eåk mxmr xmgolmkzm+ Rcer zcjcr lgfcr/ b`glgkmr/ hx}ncr/ lgmrzxcr/ gygzgxmr u
bxmgjcxmr+
• 5 , Jmbexrm g }kc lerlc tcxw}m uc t}mjc zxe}kigx # Jmbexrm g }kc lerlc tcxw}m
kc
• 79 , Jgxrm mo tmxlerc tgxg rmx u `gbmx oc w}m rm w}emxm # Mrtmxgx w}m ocr czxcr lm
jmk tmxlerc
• 84 , Jgx tgxg og txcrtmxejgj jmo txònelc # Jgx tgxg og kmbmrejgj jmo txònelc
•87 , @gbmx txelmxc ogr gbzeyejgjmr jm lçr gozc txctòrezc # Jmngx ogr gbzeyejgjmr jm
lçr gozc txctòrezc tgxg b}gkjc zmkfgr lçr zemltc+
• 88 , Ymxrm g re lerlc bclc i}mkzm jm gh}kjgkbeg # Ymx g ocr czxcr bclc i}mkzm jm
z} gh}kjgkbeg
• 86 , Xcjmgxrm jm chnmzcr w}m xmiomnmk w}m mrzgr tomkglmkzm yeyc # Lgkzmkmx chnmzcr
w}m kc rck `mxxglemkzgr tgxg mptxmrgx w}m mrzgr tomkglmkzm yeyc+
• 2: ,+ Jerix}zgx mo txcbmrc zgkzc bclc og lmzg # @gbmx bcrgr rcoc tcx og lmzg
• 29 , Tmkrgx w}å zgk omncr `gr oomfgjc # Bmkzxgx og gzmkbeòk mk b}gkzc zm igozg tcx
xmbcxxmx
(Og ekzmkrejgj mr og mrmkbeg w}m bckj}bm g ogr }kejgjmr mombzxclgfkåzebgr `gbeg og lgrg iekgo/ u
b}gkzc lçr i}mxzm rmg og ekzmkrejgj c mlcbeòk/ gkzmr mkzxg og lgrg jmkzxc jm mrzg xmgoejgj+ Kc
eltcxzg re og ekzmkrejgj rm icxlg goxmjmjcx jm }k r}bmrc zmlmxcrc c imoe~/ }k r}bmrc momfejc
bckrbemkzmlmkzm c }kc w}m ghxefglcr g keymo ekbckrbemkzm/ mo xmr}ozgjc mr mo lerlc(+ Tmxc re
}zeoe~gr z}r mlcbeckmr i}mxzmr zglheåk t}mjmr bckrmf}ex oc w}m kc jmrmgr l}u xçtejglmkzm/ re z}
ygxezg lçfebg mrzç gt}kzgkjc `gbeg gofc kmfgzeyc/ bclc og bgxmkbeg c mo lemjc+ Mrzg mr og Omu
]keymxrgo jm og Gzxgbbeòk+ Oc w}m zemkmr w}m `gbmx mr mkmxfmze~gx z}r tmkrglemkzcr bck rmkzelemkzcr
jm gomfxìg/ mpbezgbeòk u mrtmxgk~g/ u mrzgx txmtgxgjc#g tgxg ymx z} jmrmc gtgxmbmx gkzm ze l}u
xçtejglmkzm+ Czxg lgkmxg tcjmxcrg jm gbmomxgx ocr gbckzmbelemkzcr mr mkicbgxrm mk mo lczeyc c
refkeiebgjc jm oc w}m jmrmgr+ Tcx mnmltoc/ re oc w}m jmrmgr mr }kg bgkzejgj eltcxzgkzm jm jekmxc/
temkrg w}å mr oc w}m `gu jmzxçr jm mrm jekmxc+ ³W}å refkeiebg xmgolmkzm tgxg ze mo zmkmx mrm jekmxc3
³B}ço mr mo txctòrezc3 ³Mr oehmxzgj/ rmf}xejgj/ imoebejgj3 ]kg ym~ w}m `gr ocbgoe~gjc bck txmbereòk
mo lczeyc u zemkmr }kg yereòk bogxg jm åo/ mkiòbgzm mk jmrgxxcoogx mrg b}goejgj c lczeyc g`cxg+ Mrzc
gzxgmxç oc w}m jmrmgr `gbeg ze mk icxlgr w}m k}kbg elgfekgrzm/ u l}b`c lçr jm txerg jm oc w}m
bxmìrzm+
FXGZEZ]J
Og fxgzez}j t}mjm mkxew}mbmx z} yejg lçr w}m }k leooòk jm jòogxmr+ Tgxg l}b`cr rmxìg igkzçrzebc
fgkgx og oczmxìg/ tcrmmx bgrgr/ bgxxcr u zcjg bogrm jm o}ncr/ tmxc zcjc mrc kc mr r}iebemkzm+ Zþ
kmbmrezgr mo gjmb}gjc mrzgjc lmkzgo tgxg jerix}zgx og yejg/ zþ kmbmrezgr fxgzez}j+
Zclgx bgjg k}myc jìg bclc }k xmfgoc lgxgyeoocrc mr og mptmxemkbeg lçr xebg u kc `gu jekmxc w}m
t}mjg bcltxgxog+ ]k jìg lçr mr }kg ctcxz}kejgj lçr tgxg ymx ocr çxhcomr/ mo bemoc/ ogr lckzg÷gr1
tgxg jerix}zgx }kg zg~g jm bgim bgoemkzm/ tgxg ymx z} txcfxglg igycxezc/ tgxg rgoex g tgrmgx/ tgxg
mrb}b`gx lþrebg/ tgxg hxclmgx bck z}r igleoegxmr c glefcr+ Ug rmgr }kg tmxrckg xmoefecrg c kc/ mo
mkzmkjmx og yejg bclc }k chrmw}ec zm czcxfgxç }kg gbzez}j bckrzgkzm jm gfxgjmbelemkzc/ rcremfc u
gxlckìg+
Mr }kg zmkzgbeòk tmkrgx w}m og fxgzez}j oomfg go zmkmx zcjc oc w}m }kc w}emxm+ Mr }kg mkfg÷c gr}lex
w}m gobgk~gxçr og imoebejgj re zemkmr jekmxc/ }kg igleoeg `mxlcrg u w}e~çr }kg bgrg mk og togug/
tcxw}m g}k grì z} rghmr w}m `gu fmkzm w}m g tmrgx jm tcrmmx zcjc mrc mr ekfxgzg m ekimoe~ u r ek
mlhgxfc `gu fmkzm l}u tchxm oomkg jm fxgzez}j tcx oc tcbc w}m moocr zemkmk+
³Jm jòkjm yemkm mrzm rmkzelemkzc/ bòlc bxmgx fxgzez}j3+++ Mo rmkzelemkzc jm fxgzez}j oomfg go lexgx z}
l}kjc jm og lmncx lgkmxg> bck hckjgj/ tgbemkbeg u tmxjòk+ Mo mrzgjc mrtexez}go jm gfxgjmbelemkzc
oomfg kgz}xgolmkzm go ygocxgx g og fmkzm u g ogr bcrgr mk z} yejg+ Mo rmkzelemkzc jm fxgzez}j mr gofc
w}m zþ t}mjmr gtxmkjmx u `gbmx bxmbmx+
Jmzmkzm/ gbåxbgzm u tmxbehm mo tmxi}lm jm ogr xcrgr+ Zþ kc t}mjmr mrzgx gfxgjmbejc tcx gofc w}m kc
kczgr c w}m kc jerix}zgr+ Kmbmrezgr ekboekgxzm u gtxmbegx g ocr rmxmr u g ogr bcrgr w}m zm gbcltg÷gk/
w}m zm xcjmgk+ Kc mr kmbmrgxec efkcxgx og imgojgj mk mo l}kjc tmxc mr eltxmrbekjehom bckbmkzxgxrm
mk oc h}mkc/ mk oc tcrezeyc/ mk ocr rmxmr w}mxejcr/ mk ocr glefcr/ mk zþ lerlc/ mk oc w}m tcrmmr
,g}kw}m rmg tcbc,+ Jgx fxgbegr mr ek`mxmkzm g og ymxjgjmxg gtxmbegbeòk+
Temkrg u xmiompeckg bckzek}glmkzm mk gw}mooc h}mkc w}m zm `g tgrgjc+ Chrmxyg oc gfxgjghom w}m rm
jmrgxxcoog u zclg icxlg mk z} yejg tcxw}m g}k mk lmjec jm ogr zxgfmjegr w}m zcjcr mk gofþk
lclmkzc mkixmkzglcr remltxm `gu }k `eoc jm o}~/ gofc c gof}emk tcx w}emk rckxmìx+
B}gkjc mo bckzgx z}r hmkjebeckmr rm y}moym }k `çhezc jegxec og fxgzez}j zm tmxlezexç }kg mptmxemkbeg
lgr mkxew}mbmjcxg jm og mperzmkbeg
IMOEBEJGJ
Yglcr tcx og yejg g}rmkzmr/ `ghezgjcr tcx elçfmkmr+ @gbmlcr xmrtckrghom jm k}mrzxg imoebejgj g og
ejmg jm w}m zcjc rmxç tmximbzc gw}mo lçfebc jìg b}gkjc oc w}m rc÷glcr u jmrmglcr rm `gfg
xmgoejgj+
Gkjglcr rmtgxgjcr JMO TXMRMKZM/ JMO G@CXG LERLC/ JMO G@CXEZG+ Tcrmmx r}m÷cr u o}b`gx
tcx k}mrzxgr lmzgr mr eltxmrbekjehom/ mr i}kjglmkzgo/ tmxc lemkzxgr oc `gbmlcr zglheåk jmhmlcr
yeyex tomkglmkzm+
Yeyex ocr gbz}gomr ekrzgkzmr/ fc~gx jm ogr h}mkgr bcrgr u jm ogr h}mkgr tmxrckgr w}m kcr xcjmgk/
w}m mrzçk bck kcrczxcr/ w}m kcr gbcltg÷gk/ w}m g}kw}m kc oc ymglcr
ymg lcr bcoghcxgk g mrg imoebejgj
w}m zgkzc h}rbglcr+
Rì kc mr g`cxg/ ³b}çkjc3++++ ³ yglcr g mrtmxgx g w}m zmkfglcr 043++++ Kmbmrezglcr rmx imoebmr mkzxm
tmw}m÷cr lclmkzcr u mkzxm tmw}m÷cr jmzgoomr+ Kc tmxlezglcr w}m ocr o}mfcr/ c ocr lçr zgxjmr c
ocr lg÷gkgr kcr gzxgtmk mk mo b}gxzc crb}xc jm og gkremjgj+
YGOCXMLCR BGJG LCLMKZC+ Ghxgbmlcr bck gomfxìg mrg bclejg bck og igleoeg/ ig leoeg/ og rckxerg jm }k
rmx w}mxejc/ mrg tmoìb}og w}m txmrmkzgk mk og zmom mrzg kcb`m/ mrg ho}rg k}myg w}m t}jerzm
bcltxgxzm/ gw}moog hxerg ixmrbg w}m oomfg tcx ogr zgxjmr c go glefc w}m yekc g yerezgxzm g ocr g÷cr+
MO ZEMLTC MR ]K BCXXMBGLEKCR U KC MRTMXG TCX KGJEM+ Mltmbmlcr g fc~gx `cu/ rck ocr
ekrzgkzmr jm gomfxìg ocr w}m `gbmk og imoebejgj+
HGRZG jm yeyex jm elçfmkmr/ hgrzg jm mrtmxgx `grzg w}m gofc eklmkrc tgrm/ `grzg w}m mo leogfxc rm
b}ltog/ `grzg w}m zm mkglcxmr/ `grzg w}m mkb}mkzxmr mo zxghgnc tmximbzc/ `grzg w}m zm bgrmr/ `grzg
w}m zmkfgr `encr/ `grzg w}m temxjgr mrgr oehxgr/ `grzg w}m fgkmr og oczmxìg/ `grzg mo txòpelc g÷c c
`grzg og txòpelg mrzgbeòk+
Kc jmnmr w}m og l}mxzm oomf}m u zm gfgxxm mrtmxgkjc+ (Mri}åx~gzm tcx rmx imoe~(+ G`cxg
TMKRGLEMKZC TCREZEYC
Gw}mooc w}m kcr jmbelcr g kcrczxcr lerlcr gimbzg xgjebgolmkzm og bgoejgj jm k}mrzxgr yejgr u
k}mrzxg `gheoejgj tgxg `gbmx bcrgr mimbzeyglmkzm+
Rclcr oc w}m tmkrglcr+ Re k}mrzxc jerb}xrc ekzmxecx mr kmfgzeyc t}mr rclcr mrc> rmxmr tmrelerzgr
exxgjegkjc mkmxfìg kmfgzeyg+ Tcx mo bckzxgxec/ re k}mrzxc jerb}xrc ekzmxecx mr tcrezeyc rclcr rmxmr
w}m bxmglcr u mlgkglcr mkmxfìg tcrezeyg+
Le yejg mr }k jmrgrzxm+
Kgjg lm rgom hemk+
Mrzc remltxm lm tgrg g le+
Ug oc gxx}ekm zcjc+
Kgjg yg g xmr}ozgx +
Mr ekþzeo mricx~gxr
mricx~gxrm+
m+
Mk bglhec og fmkzm jm tmkrglemkzc tcrezeyc/ bck lmzgr jm zxe}kigx u rgoex gjmogkzm yg tcx og yejg bck
ixgrmr l}u jeimxmkzmr>
Fmkzm kmfgzeyg ym ocr `mb`cr lgocr bclc g }kg tmoìb}og/ rm lexgk g rì lerlcr bclc ocr
tmxjmjcxmr/ ocr jmxxczgjcr/
jmxxczgjcr/ ocr þozelcr/ ogr yìbzelgr lemkzxgr w}m og fmkzm tcrezeyg rm
r m mkicbg rm
lexgk bclc o}b`gjcxmr/ mltxmkjmjcxmr/ j}m÷cr jm r} jmrzekc/bxmgjcxmr bckzek}cr jm r} txcteg
tmoìb}og+
LCZEYGBECK TMXRCKGO
Bxmgx lczeygbeòk jegxeg kc mr zgk jeiìbeo bclc t}mjm tgxmbmx go txekbetec+ G bckzek}gbeòk zm cixm~bc
gof}kcr rmbxmzcr txçbzebcr tgxg w}m ocfxmr lczeygxzm jegxeglmkzm>
, Xmogbeckgx mo r}ixelemkzc i}z}xc tcx z} igozg jm gbbeòk mk mo txmrmkzm+ Tcx mnmltoc/ re kc w}emxmr
omygkzgxzm tgxg ex g zxghgngx t}mr xmogbeckg mrzc bck ogr bckrmb}mkbegr> tmxjmxçr mo zxghgnc/ z}
rgogxec/ og tcreheoejgj jm bcltxgx ogr bcrgr w}m zm f}rzgk/ mzb+/ mkzckbmr ygr g ymx w}m tmkrgx mk ocr
mimbzcr kmfgzeycr jm z} ekgbbeòk `gxç w}m zm omygkzmr u bclemkbmr z} jìg bck fgkgr+
,Bckbmkzxgzm mk og lmzg lgucx u txecxe~g+ W}e~çr tgxg oomfgx g og lmzg lgucx jmhmr xmgoe~gx l}b`gr
zgxmgr gh}xxejgr c igrzejecrgr (lmzgr tmw}m÷gr u zmjecrgr% tmxc re zm bckbmkzxgr mk og lmzg lgucx
txckzc zm oomfgxg og lczeygbeòk+
,Xmr}moym z}r txchomlgr tmxrckgomr+ Re mrzgr bckzmkzc mrzgxçr lgr lczeygjc tmxc re gkjgr
jmtxelejc kc tcjxçr lczeygxzm+ Xmr}moym z}r rmkzelemkzcr kmfgzeycr+ Txgbzebg mo tmxjòk1 tejm
jerb}otgr/ bckzxcog z} exg+ Gkìlgzm/ mri}åx~gzm tcx gtgxzgx jm z} yejg og zxerzm~g u og jmtxmreòk+
,Mltem~g tmxc mltem~g ug+ G}kw}m rmg jm g tcw}ezc+ Jg }k tgrc u o}mfc czxc+ Gbgrc kc zm `g
tgrgjc w}m g ymbmr kc zemkmr fgkgr jm `gbmx kgjg tmxc mkzckbmr mltem~gr g `gbmx gofc/ mltem~gr g
lcymxzm u l}u txckzc mrzgr `gbemkjc lçr u lçr+ Omyçkzgzm/ l}åymzm/ bclemk~g tcx ogr zgxmgr
lmkcxmr u grì tcbc g tcbc zm rmkzexçr lczeygjc tgxg rmf}ex bck ogr lmzgr lçr fxgkjmr+
Gw}ì zemkmr 9 lgkmxgr tgxg bckrmf}ex lczeygbeòk jegxeg+ Tckogr mk txçbzebg+ Giçkgzm tcx gjw}exex
lczeygbeòk u lgkzmkmxog j}xgkzm mo jìg+ Mr z} jmbereòk+ §Jmbejm
TMKRGLEMKZC OGZMXGO
Mo zåxlekc tmkrglemkzc ogzmxgo (ogzmxgo z`ekaekf% i}m txct}mrzc tcx Mjvgxj Jm Hckc tgxg xmtxmrmkzgx
zcjcr mrcr bglekcr gozmxkgzeycr w}m kc mrzglcr gbcrz}lhxgjcr g zclgx go lclmkzc jm mkbckzxgx
rco}beckmr g }k txchomlg+
Rmfþk Jm Hckc og lgucxìg jm og fmkzm zemkjm g mkicbgxrm mk }kg rcog icxlg jm xmrcoymx }k bckioebzc
rcoc tcxw}m ogr czxgr yìgr tgxg xmrcoymxoc kc rck yerehomr g reltom yerzg+
Bxmc w}m mr l}u ygomjmxc gtoebgx }k tcbc jmo tmkrglemkzc ogzmxgo g k}mrzxgr yejgr/ chrmxygx
k}mrzxcr txchomlgr jmrjm jerzekzgr jexmbbeckmr/ ymx mo tgkcxglg bck czxcr cncr u mlt}ngxkcr g
mkbckzxgx jeimxmkzmr/ k}mygr m ekfmkecrgr xmrt}mrzgr tgxg ocr yemncr u ocr lerlcr bckioebzcr
`}lgkcr+
OCR GKZMCNCR
Og gh}mog mrzghg jmrgu}kgkjc u mk }k jmrb}ejc ocr gkzmcncr rm om bgumxck mk og zg~g jm bgiå/ rek
mlhgxfc ocr gkzmcncr kc rm lcngxck ke }k tcw}ezc+ ³Bòlc mr tcrehom w}m kc rm `gugk lcngjc3
++++++++
MO EKZMXX]TZCX
@gu zxmr ekzmxx}tzcxmr gi}mxg jm }k b}gxzc w}m mrzç bmxxgjc bck oogym+ Gjmkzxc jmo b}gxzc `gu zxmr
ogltgxgr+ ]rzmj t}mjm mkbmkjmx u gtgfgx ocr ekzmxx}tzcxmr b}gkzgr ymbmr w}emxg/ remltxm u b}gkjc
og t}mxzg jmo b}gxzc tmxlgkm~bg bmxxgjg+ Mkzckbmr/ }rzmj jmhm mkzxgx }kg rcog ym~ go b}gxzc u
jmzmxlekgx b}go ekzmxx}tzcx om bcxxmrtckjm g bgjg ogltgxg+
++++++++
OG OEBMKBEG JM BCKJ]BEX
]k ncymk tcx rgoex jm txerg g mkbckzxgxrm bck r}r glefcr jmnò coyejgjg og oebmkbeg jm bckj}bex+
b ckj}bex+ ]kg
ym~ mk og bgoom kc rm jmz}yc mk og o}~ xcng u ref}eò tcx }kg yìg jm rmkzejc bckzxgxec+ Zcjc mrzc i}m
chrmxygjc tcx }k tcoebìg jm zxgkrezc w}emk kc `e~c mo lmkcx ekzmkzc tgxg eltmjìxrmoc c tgxg bezgxoc+
³Tcx w}å3
++++++++
MK MO BCKYMKZC
]k `clhxm yekc g yerezgx g ogr lckngr jmo bckymkzc b}gkjc og lgjxm r}tmxecx rm mkbckzxghg jm yegnm+
Mo `clhxm rm lgxb`c gkzmr jm w}m og lgjxm xmfxmrgxg u i}m l}u b}ejgjcrc go kc jmngx kgjg w}m
xmymogxg w}m r} mrzgjìg gooe+ Ogr lckngr kc jenmxck kgjg gbmxbg jm og yerezg+ Mkzckbmr/ ³Bòlc r}tc og
lgjxm r}tmxecxg w}m }k `clhxm `ghìg mrzgjc mk mo bckymkzc3
b ckymkzc3
++++++++
XMRT]MRZG>
Bgiå kc refkeiebg rcoc bgiå oìw}ejc+ Ocr gkzmcncr kc rm lcngxck tcxw}m bgumxck mk }kg zg~g jm bgiå
mk fxgkc+
XMRT]MRZG>
Mkbemkjg mo txelmx ekzmxx}tzcx tcx rcoc }k lek}zc u mkzckbmr gtçf}moc+ Jmrt}år mkbemkjg mo
rmf}kjc u jånmoc mkbmkjejc+ O}mfc/ mkzxm mk mo b}gxzc u zcw}m ogr 8 hclheoogr (icbcr% w}m mrzçk
gtgfgjgr+ Og hclheoog w}m mrzç bgoemkzezg mr mkbmkjejg tcx mo txelmx ekzmxx}tzcx+ Og hclheoog w}m
mrzg mkbmkjejg mr og w}m mrzç bckmbzgjg go rmf}kjc ekzmxx}tzcx u og czxg mr og w}m mrzg
mr zg bckmbzgjg go
zmxbmx ekzmxx}tzcx+
XMRT]MRZG>
Mo ncymk kc ehg lgkmngkjc/ ehg bglekgkjc+
XMRT]MRZG>
Og zgtg jmo rmxyebec mrzghg go~gjg u mo hcxjm rgotebgjc
BXMBELEMKZC TMXRCKGO
Mo bxmbelemkzc tmxrckgo mr }k txcumbzc jm yejg+ ]k togk g ogxfc tog~c mk mo b}go `gu w}m ex
zxghgngkjc bckzek}glmkzm+ ]k rmkjmxc jm zxerzmr xmbgìjgr tmxc zglheåk jm l}b`ìrelcr gygkbmr
tcrezeycr bcolgjcr jm rgzerigbbeckmr +
Mk mrg x}zg `gbeg z} jmrgxxcooc tmxrckgo `gu zxmr momlmkzcr eltcxzgkzmr w}m `gxçk z} ncxkgjg l}b`c
lçr içbeo>
Bckbemkbeg c Mkzmkjelemkzc
Lexg jmzmkejglmkzm gw}mooc w}m bx}~g tcx z} lmkzm+ Txmrzg gzmkbeòk g b}çomr rck z}r
txmcb}tgbeckmr u w}å ogr bg}rgk+ Mrb}b`g g z}r rmkzelemkzcr u txmfþkzgzm tcxw}m remkzmr mrzc c oc
czxc/ w}m zm txcj}bm exg c lemjc+
Mr l}u eltcxzgkzm bckcbmxkcr+ Lexgxkcr bclc rm lexg g czxg tmxrckg+ Gkgoe~gxkcr bclc rm gkgoe~g
}k oehxc+
Chråxygzm u tìoogzm zgo ym~ `gbemkjc bcrgr w}m rghmr rck jmrzx}bzeygr/ c tmkrgkjc ejmgr kmfgzeygr/
g mrzm keymo kc mr txmberc mnmb}zgx kekfþk bglhec/ rcoglmkzm bckzåltogzm u kczg bclc xmgbbeckgr/
bclc mxmr+ B}gkjc `gfgr jmo mrzgx gomxzg jm ze lerlc }k `çhezc/ }kg x}zekg/ mkzckbmr mo bglhec rm
txcj}bexç rcoc+
@çhezcr
Og rmf}kjg icxlg tgxg lmncxgx mr bxmgkjc h}mkcr `çhezcr lmkzgomr u iìrebcr/ tcx mnmltoc>
Kc jmnmr w}m z} lmkzm ygf}m u ygf}m rgozgkjc jm }kg ejmg g czxg rek rmkzejc u rek
r ek x}lhc+ Z} lgucx
xew}m~g mr z} bmxmhxc kc oc jmnmr r}mozc tcx g`ì bclc g }k tmxxc ygfgh}kjc+ Mkiòbgzm mk ejmgr
bckbxmzgr/ mk togkmr tgotghomr+ Zclg }k oehxc/ bckbåkzxgzm u omm+ Xmkzg }kg h}mkg tmoìb}og c }k
jcb}lmkzgo+ Zxgzg jm lgkzmkmx bckymxrgbeckmr ekzmxmrgkzmr+
Grì lerlc bck z} b}mxtc/ kc oc jmnmr zexgjc ixmkzm go zmomyercx c rchxm og bglg+ Omyçkzgzm+ Bglekg+
Rgo u zclg gexm+
@mxxglemkzgr
,Zåbkebgr jm xmogngbeòk> Bemxxg ocr cncr/ xmrtexg txci}kjglmkzm tcx og kgxe~ u mp`gog tcx og kgxe~+
Xmtìzmoc tcx rmer ymbmr+ O}mfc ghxm z}r cncr+ Eklmjegzglmkzm ygr g kczgx }kg `mxlcrg bgolg
ekzmxecx+
Lm f}rzg mperzex+
BGLHEGX
Kc mr içbeo bglhegx u bxmgx jm og kcb`m g og
o g lg÷gkg }kg lmncx yejg/ ocr bglhecr refkeiebgzeycr rck
jeiìbeomr tmxc `gu l}b`cr tgrcr tmw}m÷cr w}m tcjmlcr jgx mk mo txcbmrc jm gobgk~gx mrm bglhecbg lhec
lgucx w}m zgkzc gk`moglcr+
G}kw}m go txekbetec kc ocfxmlcr l}b`c mo rcoc `mb`c jm lgkzmkmx }k mrzgjc lmkzgo gjmb}gjc u
xmbmtzeyc kcr yg g tckmx mk lcyelemkzc/ kcr yg g }hebgx mk mo bglekc bcxxmbzc `gbeg k}mrzxc
jmrgxxcooc tmxrckgo+
Txelmx mnmltoc> N}gk w}emxm jmngx jm rmx lgo`}lcxgjc u bckymxzexrm mk mrg tmxrckg w}m og lgucx
tgxzm jmo zemltc mr glghom u gkjg jm h}mk bgxçbzmx/ t}mr mo jmhm mltm~gx bck gbbeckmr tmw}m÷gr/
bclc rckxmìx }k tcw}ezc lçr bgjg jìg/ gtxmbegx ymxhgolmkzm mo zxghgnc jm gofþk lemlhxc jm r}
igleoeg c jm gofþk bcomfg/ }rgx bgjg ym~ lçr }k tcx igycx u }k fxgbegr+
Jmngx gzxçr mo lgo bgxçbzmx/ og x}jm~g/ mo mkcnc bczejegkc mr eltcrehom jm }k jìg tgxg czxc/ tmxc ocr
w}m rck tcrehomr rck ocr bglhecr lekþrb}ocr/ w}m tgxmbmk eltmxbmtzehomr tmxc w}m bck b ck mo zemltc
rm bckyemxzmk mk h}mkcr `çhezcr/ zgk kgz}xgomr w}m kc xmw}emxmk kekfþk mri}mx~c tgxg xmgoe~gxocr+
Rmf}kjc mnmltoc> Lgxegkg jmrmg tmxjmx tmrc/ mkzckbmr moog zemkm w}m ekebegxrm bck zgxmgr tmw}m÷gr
bclc bglekgx bcxzgr jerzgkbegr bgjg lg÷gkg c bgjg zgxjm/ bclmx jm `cu mk m k gjmogkzm }k tcw}ezc
lmkcr jm gw}moocr goelmkzcr bck fxgrgr u g~þbgxmr/ yer}goe~gx mo b}mxtc w}m moog jmrmg zmkmx/
yer}goe~gx mrg Lgxegkg w}m moog jmrmg rmx+ Ogr oehxgr kc rm temxjmk jm }k rctoc+ Kgjem rm omygkzg }k
jìg u jmrb}hxm w}m g tmxjejc jem~ oehxgr/ tmxjmx tmrc mr }k txcbmrc bclc zcjc mk og yejg u mr lmncx
mltm~gx jm g tcw}ezc+
Xmb}mxjg> Mr lmncx ctzgx go ekebec tcx ocr grtmbzcr lçr içbeomr+ Kc rm zxgzg jm mygjex ocr grtmbzcr
lçr jeiìbeomr rekc jm jmrb}hxex w}m go xmgoe~gx gofc w}m kc xmw}emxm jm l}b`c ug bclemk~g g
jmrgxxcoogxrm mo txcbmrc jm bglhec
Fxgzez}j
W}m h}mkc w}m mrzgr zgk bmxbg g tmrgx jm w}m w}m mrzmlcr zgk omncr/ c mr lgr zgo ym~ ke rew}emxg kcr
kcr
bckc~bglcr/ tmxc g`cxg n}kzc g ze bglekgxmlcr `gbeg mo xmmkb}mkzxc/ `gbeg og tomkez}j w}m kcr
cixmbm og h}mkg bcltg֓g+
Rghmr3 @cu zmkeg og kmbmrejgj jm jgxzm ogr fxgbegr/ re/ zgk rcoc tcx mo `mb`c jm w}m mrzmr gw}ì
omumkjc mrzgr oekmgr+
Mrzcu rmf}xc w}m
w}m mo zmlg jm go FXGZEZ]J mr l}b`c lgr eltcxzgkzm jm oc w}m w}m bxmmlcr/ jgx ogr
fxgbegr mr bclc gbgxebegx k}mrzxg txcteg golg m ekyezgx g ogr jmlgr g tgxzebetgx jm k}mrzxg oomfgjg g
bgrg/
g og i}mkzm jm k}mrzxg txcteg mrmkbeg/ gooe jckjm zcjc rm y}moym bxerzgoekc/ jckjm og crb}xejgj rm
zcxkg o}~/
jckjm og efkcxgkbeg rm y}moym bckcbelemkzc u og lgojgj rm zxgkricxlg mk glcx+
Rcoc/ `cu jmnglm jgxzm ogr FXGBEGR u w}m le rmkzelemkzc jm fxgzez}jfxgzez}j eltxmfkm z} golg u n}kzc
tcjglcr i}kjexkcr mk }k lerlc rmkzelemkzc/ u rmxg n}rzcn}rzc mk mrm lclmkzc jckjm jm ymxjgj
ymxjgj kcr
bckcbmlcr+
FXGBEGR…+'''
Zåbkebg Mrmkeg jm og Fxgk Fxgzez}j
Og mptxmreòk fxgbegr kc mr }kg lmxg ixgrm mj}bgjg u bckymkbeckgo+ Mr/ tcx rchxm
zcjc/ }kg ixgrm lçfebg/ }k mkbgkzglemkzc rgfxgjc/ }k tcjmxcrc lgkzxgl
zxgrlezejc g zcjgr ogr tmxrckgr tcx ocr fxgkjmr lgmrzxcr mrtexez}gomr u r}r jerbìt}ocr
lçr eo}lekgjcr+ Rì/ l}b`gr bcrz}lhxmr jm og yejg w}m txgbzebglcr mk icxlg
ekbckrbemkzm i}mxck cxefekgolmkzm ekrzez}ejgr tcx rmxmr jm o}~ w}m jmrmghgk gu}jgx g
og `}lgkejgj+ Og mptxmreòk fxgbegr zemkm mo tcjmx jm ghxex og bckbemkbeg u
jmrtmxzgx g og ymxjgjmxg xew}m~g + Gw}moocr w}m rghmk jgx ogr fxgbegr b}gkjc
bgmk mk ogr tx}mhgr/ jml}mrzxgk r} ygocx ekzmxkc u r} bckmpeòk bck }kg bckbemkbeg
r}tmxecx+ ]k gfxgjmbelemkzc zgo jmhm txcymkex jm }kg bogxg bckbemkbeg u jm }k
tmximbzc bckcbelemkzc jm ogr omumr jm og yejg+ Mkzckbmr tcrmm mo tcjmx gow}ìlebc
tgxg zxgkricxlgx ogr rez}gbeckmr u ocr mrzgjcr lmkzgomr+
Bgjg ym~ lçr u lçr/ mo l}kjc rm grmlmng g }kg rmoyg ekimrzgjg jm ekrmbzcr u
gkelgomr mpzxg÷cr/ `grzg mo t}kzc jm mkbckzxgxrm }kc mk rez}gbeckmr jckjm ocr
mrzgjcr lmkzgomr crb}xcr ekygjmk og bckbemkbeg u og rmkreheoejgj bclc }kg k}hm
jm lcrw}ezcr/ mk icxlg bgjg ym~ lçr ixmb}mkzm+ Ug kc rghmlcr bòlc mrbgtgx g
mrcr mrzgjcr jmrzx}bzeycr+ Mo fxgk gfxgjmbelemkzc gw}mo w}m bckcbm mo rmkjmxc
`gbeg mo l}kjc r}tmxecx ekyerehom t}mjm oehmxgxkcr+ Xmtezc oc w}m jefc/ tcxw}m
tgxg lì mo gfxgjmbelemkzc w}m rm momyg go bemoc bck xmrtmzc u fxgzez}j mr
og cxgbeòk lçr `mxlcrg+ G`cxg/ mr og cxgbeòk lçr miebg~ tgxg rgbgx g ocr
rmxmr `}lgkcr jmo bckzxco jm ogr i}mx~gr crb}xgr u ocr mrzgjcr lmkzgomr
kmfgzeycr+ Og tgoghxg fxgzez}j zglheåk refkeiebg xmkgbmx g }kc lerlc+
Temkrg u je>
(Lgjxm Zemxxg/ moelekg zcjgr ler mkimxlmjgjmr u ler igozgr rmfþk z} yco}kzgj/
tgxg w}m t}mjg xmbehex og hmkjebeòk jmo mrtìxez} jeyekc u zxgrlezexog g zcjcr ocr
rmxmr yeyemkzmr/ rmfþk z} yco}kzgj(+
Lgkzåkzm mk bcl}keòk/ mk reomkbec/ lemkzxgr jmngr w}m og zemxxg zm t}xeiew}m
bcltomzglmkzm+
Tòkzm k}myglmkzm jm xcjeoogr u bcocbg z}r lgkcr ixmkzm g og xcrg rcogx jmo
bcxg~òk+
EKYCBGBEÒK,LMJEZGBEÒK MRMKEGMRMKEG
Tgxg }kg B}oz}xg jm Xmrtmzc mk mo L}kjc
Jmrjm mo txekbetec/ og bemkbeg ekebeçzebg mkrm÷ò g zcjcr ocr rmxmr `}lgkcr u
g zcjgr ogr tmxrckgr ocr rmbxmzcr jm og cxgbeòk/ og ekycbgbeòk u og gbzeyg
lmjezgbeòk/ tgxg gzxgmx i}mx~gr tcrezeygr g k}mrzxc b}mxtc/ g k}mrzxg yejg/
g og gzlòrimxg jm og bcl}kejgj jckjm yeyelcr/ g og `}lgkejgj u g og
zemxxg+
Gw}ì omr jcu }kg cxgbeòk,ekycbgbeòk,lmjezgbeòk/ b}uc chnmzeyc mr gzxgmx g
}kc lerlc u go golg jmo l}kjc og txmrmkbeg jmo Çkfmo jmo
Xmrtmzc/ tgxg w}m zcjcr ocr rmxmr t}mjgk rmx rgkcr u imoebmr+
Mrzg cxgbeòk,ekycbgbeòk,lmjezgbeòk zemkm }k tcjmx lçfebc w}m t}xeiebg mo
tmkrglemkzc/ mo bcxg~òk u mo jmrzekc+ Jmhm txck}kbegxrm bck xmrtmzc/
bckbemkbeg u glcx+ Mr gjmb}gjc gjctzgx }kg bcxxmbzg gbzez}j u txcb}xgx
}k mrzgjc jm bgolg ekzmxkc gkzmr jm txck}kbegxog+
, Lmkzgoerlc
, Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg
, Yehxgbeòk
, Tcogxejgj
, Xezlc
, Bg}rg u Mimbzc
, Fmkmxgbeòk
Mrzgr 6 Omumr rgbgjgr g og O}~ tcx @mxlmr Zxerlmferzc/ bckrejmxgjc mo Tgjxm jm og
Lmzgiìrebg/
Lmzgi ìrebg/ i}mxck jgjgr g bckcbmx g r} fmkmxgbeòk/
fmkmxgbeòk/ mk r} zemltc/ tcx @mkcb`/ w}emk
ief}xg mk og Hehoeg bclc tgjxm jm Lgz}rgoml+ Jebm og Hehoeg w}m @mkcb` gkj}yc mk ocr
bglekcr jm Jecr u w}m kc bckcbeò og l}mxzm rekc w}m i}m gr}lejc/ oc w}m kcr xmymog
r} fxgjc jm Fxgk Lgmrzxc Grbmkjejc+
@mxlmr Zxerlmferzc rekzmze~ò og rghej}xìg cb}ozg mk mrzgr remzm Omumr c Txekbetecr w}m
rck bogym jm zcjcr ocr imkòlmkcr+
Mo w}m rm mkb}mkzxm gfchegjc tcx r}r txchomlgr/ tcx ekrco}homr w}m om tgxm~bgk/ kc
jmrmrtmxm+ Og Lmzgiìrebg mr og bemkbeg lçpelg w}m mkrm÷g g yeyex rgheglmkzm tcx
lmjec jmo bcxxmbzc }rc jm ogr Omumr ]keymxrgomr+
Mo Auhgoeòk jebm>
³Bxmmr w}m z}r cìjcr mrzçk oerzcr3 ³Jmrmgr bckcbmx Og Ymxjgj3 ³W}emxmr gbghgx bck
mrm lemjc w}m remkzmr gkzm og yejg/ gkzm z}r rmlmngkzmr3 ³W}emxmr zmxlekgx bck mrg
gkf}rzeg w}m `gbm z}r kcb`mr jmrymogjgr/ bck mrm xmrmkzelemkzc/ bck mrm rmkzelemkzc
w}m zm `gbm rmkzexzm mkmlefc jm zcjcr u jm zcjc/ c rmkzex tcx mo bckzxgxec/ w}m rck
moocr z}r mkmlefcr3 L}u hemk+ Re kc w}emxmr rmx jmrjeb`gjc/ re mrzç bgkrgjc jm r}ixex/
hgrzg bck mrc/ bckw}m ‟kc w}emxgr“/ hgrzg bck w}m mrzår jert}mrzc g gxxmfogx z}
l}kjc tgxg w}m bclmkbmlcr g gxxmfogxoc
Bclc zm jenm mk le gkzmxecx ombbeòk Jecr kc bgrzefg/ bgrzefgk Ogr omumr bòrlebgr w}m
rck 6> Lmkzgoerlc/ Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg/ Yehxgbeòk/ Tcogxejgj/ Xezlc/ Bg}rg u mimbzc u
Fmkmxgbeòk+ @cu yglcr g `ghogx gofc rchxm og Omu jm Lmkzgoerlc/ og lçr eltcxzgkzm
jm zcjgr ogr Omumr/ hgrm u mrzx}bz}xg jmo l}kjc mk w}m yeyelcr+
Jmhmlcr rghmx w}m ‟OCR TMKRGLEMKZCR RCK BCRGR“ mr jmbex/ zemkmk b}mxtc b}mxtc//
zemkmk lgrg/ go rgoex jm k}mrzxc b}mxtc lmkzgo gjw}emxmk yejg/ tmxrckgoejgj/ rck }kg
mkzejgj w}m mkzxg g i}kbeckgx rmfþk og jexmbbeòk w}m om `mlcr jgjc/ bck mo bcocx u
zckg
zc kgoe
oejg
jgj
j w}
w}mm om `m
`mlc
lcrr gj
gjn}
n}je
jebg
bgjc
jc mk mo lclclm
lmkz
kzc
c jm mlmlez
ezex
exoc
oc++ Gr
Grìì bc
bclc
lc }k
lebxcrbctec kcr tckm mk bckzgbzc bck zcjc }k l}kjc ekyerehom tgxg k}mrzxg yerzg
kcxlgo/ }k l}kjc ekrcrtmb`gjc tgxg mo `clhxm rek mrz}jecr/ grelerlc tcjxìg mk mo
i}z}xc ekymkzgxrm }k gtgxgzc w}m kcr tmxlezemxg ‟ymx“ u `grzg iczcfxgiegx og icxlg u mo
bcocx jm ocr tmkrglemkzcr+
ZGO BCLC TEMKRGR GRÌ MXMR+ Mo w}m rm oomkg jm tmkrglemkzcr mkåxfebcr l}mrzxg
mkmxfìg gkzm og yejg+ Mo w}m k}zxm tmkrglemkzcr fmkmxcrcr rmxç fmkmxcrc+ Mo w}m
temkrg bck ygocx lgkeimrzgxç ygocx+ Zgkzc mo ygocx bclc mo lemjc/ rck kgjg lçr w}m
gbzez}jmr lmkzgomr+ Tcx mrc rm jebm w}m rclcr ocr gxw}ezmbzcr jm k}mrzxg txcteg
mrzx}bz}xg+ Oglmkzm bxmg/ zemkm mo tcjmx bxmgjcx/ gooì rm lgkeiemrzg og Txmrmkbeg Jeyekg
mk kcrczxcr bclc Ekzmoefmkbeg Bxmgjcxg/ jm gooì mrm gpeclg lmzgiìrebc w}m giexlg>
‟Zcjc mr Lmkzm“+
Bclc ug jenm/ og lmkzm fchemxkg ogr båo}ogr jm k}mrzxc b}mxtc+ Kgjg `gu lçr
chmjemkzm w}m og lgzmxeg+ Re }kg tmxrckg zemkm }kg lmkzm mkimxle~g/ temkrg w}m r}
cxfgkerlc kc lgxb`g hemk1 re om mrzghg lgxb`gkjc hemk/ go xmbehex og cxjmk c mrzìl}oc
lmkzgo/
lmkzg o/ mo cxfgke
cxfgkerlc
rlc chmjemkzmlmkzm
chmjemkzmlmkzm tckjxç r}r båo}og
båo}ogrr g i}kbeckgx bclc r} lmkzm
xmfejcxg mrzç jmbxmzgkjc w}m i}kbeckmk+ Grì/ re og omygkzgxzm tcx og lg÷gkg/ zm `gr
omygkzgjc mk }k mrzgjc lmkzgo kmfgzeyc/ u bck z} lmkzm giexlgr> uc kc mrzcu hemk+
T}mr rmf}xc mr w}m kc ygr g rmkzexzm hemk/ oc `gr tmkrgjc/ oc `gr lmkzgoe~gjc u z}
cxfg
cxfgker
kerlc
lc chchmjm
mjmbm
bm++ Mk bo
bogr
grmr
mr lç
lçrr gj
gjmo
mogk
gkzg
zgjg
jgr/
r/ zm mkmkrm÷
rm÷gx
gxmlc
mlcrr zx
zxgz
gzgl
glemk
emkzc
zcrr
lmkzgo
lmk zgomr
mr tgx
tgxg
g xmb
xmbchx
chxgx
gx og rgo
rgo}j+
}j+ ‟Og im l}m
l}mym
ym lck
lckzg÷
zg÷gr“1
gr“1 zcj
zcjgr
gr ogr b}x
b}xgbe
gbeckm
ckmrr
xmoefecrgr zemkmk bclc hgrm og im+ Oc}xjmr mr }k mocb}mkzm mnmltoc+ Mk zcjgr ogr
xmoefeckmr u ieocrciìgr rm txcj}bmk ocr ooglgjcr ‟leogfxcr“/ tcxw}m bgjg }kc mk r}
xmoefeòk tckm im mk mo ekzmxbmrcx w}m }rg/ tckm r} lmkzm go rmxyebec jm og b}xgbeòk u rm
b}xg+
]kg fxgk içhxebg jm bgo~gjc lgkjò jcr gfmkzmr yegnmxcr g bemxzc o}fgx jm Çixebg bck
mo chnmzc jm ghxex lmxbgjcr g r} txcj}bzc+ Bgjg w}emk i}m tcx r} ogjc/ kc zmkìgk
bckzgbzc+ Mo txelmxc mk oomfgx/ }k ixgbgrgjc bckr}mz}jekgxec/ t}rc }k zmomfxglg g og
içhxebg jebemkjc> ‟Ixgbgrc zczgo+ Yegnm tmxjejc+ Gw}ì kgjem }rg ~gtgzcr“+ Mo czxc/ }kg
lmkzm tcrezeyg/ bck lgjmxg jm zxe}kigjcx/ mkyeò g r} ym~ mo ref}emkzm lmkrgnm>
‟Mpbmomkzm lmxbgjc/ yegnm rmxç }k åpezc+ Gw}ì kgjem zemkm ~gtgzcr“+
Mo txelmxc bckrejmxò w}m gooì og fmkzm kc }rghg ~gtgzcr u rmf}exìgk rek }rgxocr tcx mo
xmrzc jm r}r yejgr+ Mo czxc mkzxmyeò }kg lgxgyeoocrg ctcxz}kejgj+ Gw}ì kgjem zemkm
~gt
gtgz
gzc
cr/ uc om
omrr yc
ycu
u g mkmkrm
rm÷g
÷gxx g }r
}rgx
gxoc
ocr+
r+ @g
@guu }kg fxfxgk
gk je
jeim
imxm
xmkb
kbeg
eg ³y
³ymx
mxjg
jgj3
j3
Oòfebglmkzm/ mo txelmxc zmkìg }kg lmkzm tmxm~crg/ gbmtzghg ogr bcrgr zgo bclc ogr
`googhg u kc rm cb}tghg jm lcjeiebgxogr+ Mo zcxc mxg }kg lmkzm gomxzg/ }kg lmzm
jert}mrzg g lmncxgx mo l}kjc u g `gbmx r} tgxzm tgxg ocfxgxoc+ N}rzc mxg w}m }kc i}mrm
}k ixgbgrgjc u czxc }k zxe}kigjcx+ ³B}ço jm ocr jcr txmiemxmr rmx zþ3
³W}emxmr zxe}kigx3 Bglheg z} zckc lmkzgo/ ze÷m z}r tmkrglemkzcr jm bcocx xcrg/ `g~zm }kg tmxrckg
gfxgjghom/ b}ug bcltg÷ìg zcjcr jmrmgk+ ³W}emxmr b}xgxzm3 Bclemk~g zglheåk tcx ygxegx mo bcocx jm z}
lmkzm++ Hczg i}mxg zcjc oc w}m zm mrzå lcomrzgkjc+ Temkrg
lmkzm Temkrg glcxcrglmkzm
glcxcrglmkzm jm zcjc mo l}kjc+ Lexg zcjc bck
ocr cncr jm Bxerzc+ Bxerzc efkcxghg mo lgo/ åo ròoc ymìg mo hemk mk zcjg tmxrckg c bcrg+ Mo `clhxm oomyg mk r}
lmkzm jcr zmxxehomr mkmlefcr> mo lemjc u mo cjec+ Tgxg `gbmx }kg h}mkg b}xgbeòk zemkmr w}m mltm~gx tcx
oeltegx z} lmkzm+ Zmk im/ bclemk~g tcx tmxjckgxzm g ze lerlc zcjc gw}mooc jm w}m zm mrzå gb}rgkjc z}
bckb
bc kbem
emkb
kbeg
eg++ Kc `g`guu bc
bcrg
rg lç
lçrr jm
jmrz
rzx}
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bzey
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g w}
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m og g} g}zc
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gb}r
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gbeò
eòk+
k+ Og tm
tmxr
xrck
ckg
g w}
w}mm ye
yeym
ym oooomk
mkg
g jm
xmlcxjelemkzcr/ oòfebglmkzm/ go gb}rgxrm g rì lerlg/ zxgzg jm n}rzeiebgxrm u tcx xmgbbeòk kgz}xgo h}rbg g
w}emk mb`gx og b}otg jm r} b}otg+ Mkzckbmr bclemk~g mrm rcoeocw}ec oomkc jm xmrmkzelemkzc w}m bclemk~g>
‟Rì/ mr ymxjgj w}m uc jenm c `ebm gw}mooc1 tmxc i}m tcxw}m i}ogkezc lm jenc c lm `e~c mrzc czxc“+ U grì bxmbm mo
xmkbcx/ bxmbm mo xmlcxjelemkzc u og tmxrckg rm yg mkycoyemkjc mk }kg lgxg÷g trebcoòfebg jm og b}go kc rghm
bòlc rgoex+
TGXG @G
TGXG @GBM
BMXX ]KG H]M
H]MKG
KG BCKIMREÒK ZEMKMR W]M XMBCFMXZM MK ]K O]FGX
GTGXZGJC U GOOÌ/ RCOC BCKZEFC LERLC/ @GBMX ]K H]MK MPGLMK JM BCKBEMKBEG+
Içbeo ³ymxjgj3 §G`'/ tmxc l}b`c b}ejgjc/ kc ygugr g `gbmx bclc ogr båomhxmr hmgzgr
w}m temkrgk w}m bck ex go bckimreckgxec u igrzejegx go rm÷cx b}xg bckzçkjcom r}r
tmbgjcr u mrzçk tmxjckgjgr u mkrmf}ejg y}moymk g ogr gkjgjgr+ Zþ kc ygr g `gbmx
mrc/ zþ mrzçr jm ymxgr gxxmtmkzejc/ zþ ygr g mltm÷gxzm mk kc ycoymx g bgmx+ Og bcrg yg
g xmr}ozgx jeiìbeo+ Txchghomlmkzm ygr g bgmx/ ygr g xmekbejex u lçr jm }kg ym~+ Lgr kc
zm jmrgkelmr+ Bgmx mr `}lgkc/ oc zmxxehom mr tmxlgkmbmx bgìjc/ tmxc zþ rì ygr g
omygkzgxzm/ zþ ygr g mrzgx gomxzg u b}gkzgr ymbmr bgefgr/ tmjexçr tmxjòk u txcrmf}exçr
mk z} iexlm txctòr
txctòrezc
ezc jm kc ycoymxoc g `gbmx+ Go iek ymkbmx
ymkbmxçr/
çr/ t}mjmr mrzgx rmf}xc/ mr
}k txcbmrc jm g}zcmj}bgbeòk w}m zemkm w}m jgxzm xmr}ozgjcr+ Refglcr+ L}u hemk/
mkzx
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zm mk z} rg rgkz
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bcki
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mkb}
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w}m bclc }rzmjmr rghmk mr czxg jm ogr 6 Omumr c Txekbetecr w}m mrzglcr mrz}jegkjc+
Mrzg Omu jm Yehxgbeòk rm hgrg mk }k mk}kbegjc w}m giexlg>
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rm `ghog/ rm bgkrg u jmrbgkrg og fmkzm/ ef}go w}m rm `gbm mk ocr r}href}emkzmr togkcr
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mkimxlg c rgkg jm gb}mxj
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tmxc omr jexmlcr oc mrmkbego+
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ogr Omumr i}kbeckgk mkzxmog~gjgr }kgr jmkzxc jm ogr czxgr% tmxeòjebglmkzm rm gbmxbgk
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W]M KC ZM KMBMREZC/ UG ZÞ KC ZEMKMR TCJMX“+
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w}m ekzmkzg zmkzgx/ rm om zxgzg jm ef}go icxlg/ rm exç jmheoezgkjc bgjg ym~ lçr `grzg
jmrgtgxmbmx bcltomzglmkzm+
Mo w}m bckcbm og Omu jm Lmkzgoerlc rghm w}m jmhm rmlhxgx tmkrglemkzcr gomfxmr u
jm hemk mk mo Bcrlcr u o}mfc xmbcfmxç r}r ix}zcr g r} jmhejc zemltc+
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lçr ke lmkcr w}m ocr r}bmrcr w}m gbgmbmk mk k}mrzxg yejg+ Rmfþk tmkrglcr u
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Mrzg Omu jm Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg i}kbeckg mk }kg icxlg zgk mpgbzg w}m kgjg rm kcr jg
ke rm kcr w}ezg w}m kc rmg k}mrzxc/ tcx jmxmb`c jm bcxxmrtckjmkbeg+ Re kcrczxcr
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mk tcrezeyc xmbehmr+ R}tckfc w}m mxmr ekzmoefmkzm+ T}mr hemk/ ug rghmr oc w}m zm
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imoe~+
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fxgk omferogjcx jmo t}mhoc `mhxmc/ mk b}uc Jmbçocfc mrzçk hgrgjcr zcjcr ocr Bòjefcr
jmo l}kjc/ gþk `cu/ mk tomkc Refoc PP+
Lgr zgxjm Nmrþr mo j}obm tgrzcx kg~gxmkc/ kgbejc zglheåk mk og xg~g n}jìg/ kcr jebm>
‟KC @GFGR G CZXC OC W]M KC W]EMXMR W]M ZM @GFGK“+ Mr og xmfog jm Cxc w}m
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Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg“ lçr zgxjm c lçr zmltxgkc/ g ze zglheåk zm oc ygk g `gbmx+
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jm gb}mxjc g mrzgr omumr+
Yglcr g bckrzx}ex }k l}kjc imoe~ tgxg zcjcr+ ³W}emxmr3 H}mkc+ Uc zglheåk w}emxc+
Mk k}mrzxc B}gjmxkc K¾: jgxmlcr og ‟Omu jm Yehxgbeòk“+ Lemkzxgr zgkzc lmjezmlcr
rchxm og ‟Omu jm Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg“/ w}m `mlcr yerzc `cu/ rek coyejgx w}m og lmkzm mr
og hgrm jm zcjc oc mperzmkzm+ Mk mo bck}bc jm k}mrzxc l}kjc yglcr g rmlhxgx gbzcr u
tmkrglemkzcr fmkmxcrcr w}m kcr `gfgk imoebmr g kcrczxcr u g ocr jmlçr+ Yglcr g
lexgx g zcjcr bck ocr cncr jm Bxerzc/ w}emk nglçr yec kgjg imc mk kgjg ke mk kgjem/
rekc
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bclc Åo/ u k}kbg jmlgregjc g rmymxcr tgxg kgjem+ Gkzmr tcx mo bckzxgxec/ ymglcr og
yefg mk k}mrzxc cnc gkzmr jm lexgx og tgng mk mo cnc gnmkc+ Yglcr g zxgzgx jm jgx Glcx
tgxg tcx ‟Omu jm Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg“ xmbehex Glcx+ Yglcr g tmxjckgx zcjc u g zcjcr/
tgxg grì tcx ‟Omu jm Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg“ xmbehex g k}mrzxg ym~ tmxjòk+ Yglcr g glgxkcr
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kcr glg bck }k Glcx w}m mpbmjm g k}mrzxg bcltxmkreòk+ Yglcr g rmx h}mkcr bck
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w}m oc w}m tmxlgkmbm/ oc ekjmrzx}bzehom/ oc w}m kc ygxìg/ oc w}m mr ekl}zghom/ mr }kg
tgoghxg/ Og Ymxjgj mr oc w}m ooglglcr Jecr/ czxcr Bg}rg Þkebg jmo ]keymxrc/ Fxgk
Gxw}ezmbzc/ Hxg`lg/ Goç/ Nm`cyç/ mzb+ Mo kclhxm kc eltcxzg/ mo Txekbetec c Rmx w}m
h}rbglcr mr Åo Lerlc+
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jm rì lerlc/ r} txcteg bckbmtbeòk jm Jecr+ Bgjg bmxmhxc mr }k ieozxc tcx jckjm ogr
ejmgr tgrgk bck lçr c lmkcr t}xm~g/ grì }kcr bgtzgk jm Jecr }kg ejmg lçr gltoeg u
czxcr }kg ejmg lçr oelezgjg+ Czxcr oc gbclcjgk g r} txctec rmkzex u grì `mlcr yerzc
bòlc mo `clhxm `g bxmgjc }k Jecr g r} txcteg elgfmk u rmlmngk~g/ gzxeh}uåkjcom
zcjcr r}r yebecr u jmimbzcr g }k Rmx w}m mr T}xìrelc/ w}m mr Tmximbzìrelc/ w}m mr zcjc
Rmxmkejgj/ Hmoom~g/ Mw}eoehxec/ w}m kc mr czxg bcrg w}m }k Bmkzxc jm Glcx jm jckjm rm
jmxxglg mk zcjgr jexmbbeckmr Mo Hemk+ Grì mrm Jecr bcoåxebc/ mrm Jecr bgtg~ jm rmkzex
exg/ bgtg~ jm rmkzex xmkbcx/ bgtg~ jm ymkfgxrm/ jm bgrzefgx bck tmkgr mzmxkgr u
mrtgkzcrgr/ kc mr czxg bcrg w}m }k Jecr `}lgkc/ bxmgjc tcx og oelezgjg lmkzm
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tcbc rm kcr ehg icxlgkjc og ejmg jm }k Jecr Zmxxcxìiebc/ eltejeåkjckcr mkzxgx mk mo Rgkz}gxec jm og Ymxjgj/
bcltomzglmkzm jmrk}jcr jm ejmgr txmbckbmhejgr gbmxbg jm bòlc mr Jecr+ Yglcr g mltm~gx rghemkjc
w}m tcx lmjec jmo xgbecbekec nglçr oomfgxmlcr g bckcbmxoc1 mo þkebc bglekc mr mo Glcx+ Mkzxgkjc jmkzxc jm
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bcltomzglmkzm gbmxbg jmo bckbmtzc w}m kcr lmxmbmk k}mrzxcr rmlmngkzmr/ r}r gbbeckmr u mo l}kjc mk
w}m yeyelcr+ Grì bcltomzglmkzm t}xcr mk lmkzm u bcxg~òk/ tejemkjc Glcx/ mltxmkjglcr og xgjegkzm
gymkz}xg jm ekzmkzgx mo gbmxbglemkzc g zgk eltckjmxghom Rmx+ T}mrzcr gkzm og Jeyekg Txmrmkbeg/ omygkzmlcr
k}mrzxg lmkzm u k}mrzxc bcxg~òk mk }kg r}hoelm u rmkbeoog ekycbgbeòk jm Glcx+ Jefglcr reltomlmkzm>
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rmkzelemkzc jm mrzgx gkzm og Jeyekg Txmrmkbeg/ rm b}mom mk k}mrzxc txmjec lmkzgo+ Re
`}hemxm gofþk bckgzc jm jerzxgbbeòk/ bgm mk b}mkzg/ rmxmkglmkzm u mk kclhxm jm z}
Jeyekg Txmrmkbeg/ je lmkzgolmkzm>
Ug jenelcr mk k}mrzxgr bogrmr gkzmxecxmr w}m/ xmgolmkzm/ `gu l}b`c r}ixelemkzc mk
mrzm togkmzg u zgo bcrg t}mjm `gbmxkcr tmkrgx w}m Jecr rì rm mkcng/ w}m Jecr rì
bgrzefg1 tmxc ug rghmlcr zglheåk w}m kc mr grì/ w}m oc w}m bgrzefg mr og Omu/ ocr Remzm
Txekbetec
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kgk mo Bc Bcrl
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ekmpcxghomlmkzm/ rek jerzekf}ex mkzxm efkcxgkzmr u rghecr/ mkzxm gj}ozcr u ke÷cr/ mkzxm
xebcr u tchxmr/ mkzxm xg~gr/ kgbeckgoejgjmr/ ke bxmjcr+ Og Omu c Txekbetec i}kjglmkzgo/
i}kbeckg u mo w}m og jmrgiìg bgm hgnc r}r mimbzcr+ Mr bclc og `åoebm jm }k gyeòk w}m
fexg ymxzefekcrglmkzm/ r} Omu mr gzxgtgx u gxxgrzxgx/ zxez}xgkjc/ mkzxm r}r grtgr/ zcjc
oc w}m mkzxm jmkzxc jm r} xgjec jm gbbeòk+ Mrzc mr/ mo w}m oc rghm/ oc myezg/ kc crg
jmrgiegx mrg Omu/ gooì mrzç og `åoebm jgkjc
jmrgiegx jgkjc y}mozgr mk mo gexm/ u §gu' Jm oc w}m mkzxm mk
r} bexb}ezc/ rmxç gxxgrz
gxxgrzxgjc/
xgjc/ zxez}xgjc/
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jmtmkjmk
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zmxxmkgr
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bclc r}homumr w}m omr mrzçk r}hcxjekgjgr/ tgxg grì kc jmrgiegxogr eltx}jmkzmlmkzm/
lmzeåkjckcr jmkzxc jm r} bgltc jm gbbeòk mk icxlg ekbckr}ozg/ rekc mrz}jeçkjcogr/
xmrtmzçkjcogr/ }rçkjcogr mk k}mrzxc igycx/ mr jmbex/ gtxcymb`gkjc og tgxzm tcrezeyg jm
r} i}kbeckglemkzc u tckeåkjcogr g zxghgngx tgxg k}mrzxc hemk+
@grzg g`cxg `mlcr yerzc tcx mkbelezg kgjg lçr w}m gofc jm og Omu jm Lmkzgoerlc u
gofc jm og Omu jm Bcxxmrtckjmkbeg+ @cu yglcr g ymx gofc jm og Omu jm Yehxgbeòk+
Zmkmlcr w}m mo txelmx lcyelemkzc yehxgzcxec w}m rm chrmxyg mk og lgzmxeg mr bexb}ogx+ G`cxg/ b}gkjc mrm
lcyelemkzc g}lmkzg mk xgtejm~ ‒ mr oc w}m ooglglcr ‟ixmb}mkbeg“, mo bìxb}oc rm jmrjchog mk ckjgr+ Og
‟ixmb}mkbeg“ mr og bgkzejgj jm yehxgbeckmr w}m rm jgk jmkzxc jm bgjg bìxb}oc } ckjg/ mk }k jmzmxlekgjc
mrtgbec jm zemltc+ B}gkjc og ‟ixmb}mkbeg“ mr l}u gozg/ c rmg/ w}m yehxgk g lgucx ymocbejgj/ ocr çzclcr
zclgk }k xezlc ckj}ogjc/ c rmg/ w}m mo bìxb}oc rm ghxm mk icxlg jm ckjg+ Go zclgx mrzm xezlc ckj}ogjc/ ocr
çzclcr rm rmtgxgk g }kg lgucx jerzgkbeg ocr }kcr jm ocr czxcr/ jgkjc bclc xmr}ozgjc }kg lgzmxeg lmkcr
jmkrg1 grì rm txcj}bmk ogr ckjgr jm o}~1 og zxgkrebeòk mkzxm og lgzmxeg ròoejg u og eltgotghom/ c rmg/ og
fgrmcrg c mzåxmg+ Jm mrzm lcjc/ zmkmlcr ogr ckjgr @mxz~egkgr/ ogr ckjgr ekixgxxcngr w}m }rglcr mk ocr
Xgucr P c jm Xcmkzfmk/ mzb+ B}gkjc mrzm lcyelemkzc gjw}emxm lgucx ekzmkrejgj/ go `gbmxrm lçr xçtejc/ og
ckjg temxjm r} icxlg b}xyg u rm bckyemxzm mk ~ef,~gf+ Ug jm gw}ì mk gjmogkzm/ og icxlg w}m zclg og
yehxgbeòk mr ekgtxmbeghom tcx mo `clhxm+ Mo ~ef,~gf (mo xguc% mr zcjc mkmxfìg/ mr og i}mx~g w}m jmkclekglcr
bck mo kclhxm jm mombzxebejgj/ w}m bckcbmlcr/ w}m `mlcr mrz}jegjc/ mkbg}~gjc u gtxcymb`gjc/ tmxc w}m
kgjem `g yerzc nglçr ke rghm oc w}m mr1 ke ocr lçr fxgkjmr rghecr mk mombzxòkebg t}mjmk jmbex re zemkm lgrg
c kc/ ke jm w}å mrzç bclt}mrzg/ ke w}å bcrg mr+ Ròoc bckcbmlcr r}r mimbzcr u txc mrzc rghmlcr w}m
mperzm+ Bclc ug jenm/ `grzg og yehxgbeòk mk ~ef,~gf `g rejc bgtzgjg tcx mo rmx `}lgkc/ jm g`ì mk gjmogkzm rm
r}tckm w}m og yehxgbeòk `g jm rmf}ex i}kbeckgkjc hgnc czxgr icxlgr/ w}m kc kcr `gk rejc xmymogjgr gþk/
`grzg oomfgx go Ekiekezc+
Mk Gomlgkeg rm `e~c }k mptmxelmkzc jm yehxgbeòk tcx lmjec jm }kg x}mjg g og b}go rm om eltxeleò }k
lcyelemkzc fexgzcxec g bemxzg ymocbejgj+ Bclmk~ò yeåkjcrmog fexgx u mlezemkjc x}ejc1 g lmjejg w}m grbmkjìg
og ixmb}mkbeg jm ogr yehxgbeckmr/ jmnò jm cìxrm mo x}ejc/ c rmg/ w}m gobgk~gxck ogr yehxgbeckmr jmo rckejc }kg
ixmb}mkbeg zgk gozg w}m jmngxck jm rmx tmxbmtzehomr tgxg mo cìjc `}lgkc+ Go lerlc zemltc og x}mjg bclmk~ò
g mlezex bgocx u gkzm og yerzg tgxmbeò mrzgx eklòyeo/ g}kw}m rmf}ìg lcyeåkjcrm g }kg mpzxgcxjekgxeg
ymocbejgj+ Rm om eltxeleò lgucx ymocbejgj gþk u i}m gjw}exemkjc bcocx/ tgrgkjc tcx zcjg og fglg jmo
mrtmbzxc/ jmrjm mo ekixgxxcnc `grzg mo }ozxgyecomzg/ `grzg oomfgx go hogkbc ekbgkjmrbmkzm+ Mk mrzm lclmkzc ocr
çzclcr rm rmtgxgxck }kcr jm czxcr u og x}mjg rm ycogzeoe~ò/ rm jmrekzmfxò mk mo mrtgbec+ Ke moog ke r}r
çzclcr ycoyemxck g ymxrm/ årzcr i}mxck g ekzmfxgx k}mygr icxlgr jmkzxc jm og lgzmxeg+ Oomygkjc mrzm
txcbmjelemkzc g oc mrtexez}go/ kcr mptoebglcr bòlc mo `clhxm/ momygkjc r} xgzg yehxgzcxeg lmkzgo/ tcx lmjec
jm og t}xm~g jm yejg/ jm og bckbmkzxgbeòk u }keòk bck og Jeyekejgj g zxgyår jm og cxgbeòk/ ocfxg mrbgtgx jmo
togkc zmxbmxg jelmkreòk mk w}m xmf}ogxlmkzm yeym u tgrgkjc g }k togkc yehxgzcxec lçr gozc/ rm momyg tcx ocr
gexmr u rm rcrzemkm rek gtcuc yerehom w}m r}rzmkzm r} b}mxtc1 mr mo imkòlmkc w}m rm bckcbm bck mo kclhxm
jm ‟omyezgbeòk“+ Gbmomxgkjc lçr u lçr mrzgr yehxgbeckmr t}mjm/ ef}go w}m om tgrò g og x}mjg gkzmxecxlmkzm
lmkbeckgjg/ jmrekzmfxgx r}r çzclcr g yco}kzgj u xmekzmfxgxocr k}myglmkzm g r} icxlg bcxtcxgo/ xm}kemkjc
mrzcr çzclcr jm k}myc+ Mr ke lçr ke lmkcr oc w}m `e~c Nmrþr b}gkjc rm txmrmkzò gkzm r}r jerbìt}ocr mk mo
bmkçb}oc/ tgrgkjc g zxgyår jm }kg tgxmj (N}gk> 84#75 u 84%+
Jmhmlcrr xmbcxjgx w}m zcjg lgzmxeg/ jmrjm og zmkejg tcx lçr yeo (mrt}zcr/
Jmhmlc (mrt}zcr/ t}r/ jmrmb`cr/
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mpbxmlmkzcr/
mkzcr/
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mzb+% zcjc/ ghrco}zglmk
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ekbo}rc
rc kcrczxcr lerlcr/
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bgjg çzclc mrzç `mb`c jm o}~ t}xìrelg u tmximbzg/ w}m mk mrg O}~ lcxg ke lçr ke lmkcr w}m mo lerlc
Jecr/
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mo çzclc mk r}r mombzxckmr/ t}mr ug `mlcr jeb`c w}m mo bmkzxc c kþbomc jm O}~ mr ekbckzglekgkzm/ mrcr
mombzx
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jmimbz}crgr ekzmfxgjgr
ekzmfxgjgr
tcx çzclcr bckzglekgjcr+ Tmxc hgrzg xmbcxjgx w}m mo bmkzxc jm bgjg çzclc tmxlgkmbm t}xìrelc/ hmooc/
tmximbzc/ w}m gooì mrzç txmrmkzm Jecr bck zcjcr r}r tcjmxmr u gzxeh}zcr u lmkzgolmkzm mltm~gx g exxgjegx
O}~ jmrjm mo bmkzxc jm bgjg çzclc tgxg oeltegx ocr mombzxckmr u `gbmx båo}ogr rgkgr1 hgrzg mrzm zxgzglemkzc
`mb`c g bckbemkbeg tcx tmxrckgr bck yehxgbeckmr gozgr jm t}xm~g u im/ tgxg w}m ogr båo}ogr/ chmjmbemkjc g
og t}xm~g u im/ tmximbbeòk jeyekg w}m exxgjeg mo bmkzxc jm bgjg çzclc/ bclemkbmk g rgkgx u ogr ief}xgr
ekjmrmghomr g jmrekzmfxgxrm u jmrgtgxmbmx+ Kc czxg bcrg `gbìg Nmrþr b}gkjc b}xghg omtxcrcr/ tgxgoìzebcr u
zcjg bogrm jm mkimxlmjgjmr ooglgjgr ekl}kjgr+ Xmb}mxjg w}m mo bmkzxc jm bgjg çzclc bckzemkm mk rì zcjg
og t}xm~g u tcjmx jm Jecr/ u b}gkjc mrzg i}mx~g c tcjmx rm oehmxg/ ug rghmlcr oc w}m cb}xxm+
Bclc ug `mlcr jeb`c/ b}gkjc }k ekjeyej}c rm tckm g yehxgx mk gozg ixmb}mkbeg/ tcx jmbexoc grì/ ocfxg
mrbgtgx g ogr omumr jmo togkc zmxbmx jelmkreòk mk w}m yeyelcr xmf}ogxlmkzm u grì rm om ym mnmb}zgx bcrgr
ekbxmìhomr/ bclc rck ogr txmbetezgbeckmr (leogfxcr jm ocr tgkmr u ocr tmbmr%/ og jmrekzmfxgbeòk (jmrgtgxebeòk
m ekyereheoejgj%/ xmekzmfxgbeòk gzòlebg (xmgtgxebeòk% u czxgr l}b`gr bcrgr w}m ooglglcr ‟leogfxcr“/ tcxw}m
mrbgtgk g k}mrzxg bcltxmkreòk/ tmxc w}m tgxg mo jerbìt}oc gygk~gjc zemkm tmximbzg mptoebgbeòk/ jm zgo
lcjc w}m t}mjm jmbexrm w}m bgm jmkzxc jm oc bemkzìiebc/ c rmg/ w}m }kg ym~ bckcbejg og Omu g w}m mrzç
chmjmbemkjc mo `mb`c gkgoe~gjc/ t}mjm bcltxchgxrm bemkzìiebglmkzm/ kc tcx mo bglekc jm og txchmzg
mptmxelmkzgo/ rekc tcx og bcltxchgbeòk jmo `mb`c xmtmzejc rì rm ref}m mo bglekc ekjebgjc tgxg chzmkmxoc>
bckbmkzxgbeòk/ t}xm~g jm yejg/ ghrzmkbeòk jm togbmxmr lgzmxegomr hgncr/ lmjezgbeòk/ jmrtxmkjelemkzc jmo
hgnc uc ekimxecx/ kcr tmxlezmk gobgk~gx og lgkeimrzgbeòk jm lgxgyeoogr+ Mo lerlc Nmrþr oc jenc>
Bgjg tmxrckg c bcrg tcrmm jmzmxlekgjg xgzg yehxgzcxeg+ Mk og lgzmxeg jmkrg og yehxgbeòk mr bexb}ogx1 mk og
lgzmxeg
lgzmxe g lmkcr jmkrg/ ekzgkfehom
ekzgkfehom ug tgxg k}mrzxcr rmkzejcr bcxtcxgomr/
bcxtcxgomr/ og yehxgb
yehxgbeòk
eòk rm jmrjcho
jmrjchogg mk ckjgr+
Mk mo bgltc mrtexez}go og yehxgbeòk rm lgkeiemrzg mk ~ef,~gf+ Zcjg lgzmxeg/ chmjmbemkjc g og Omu jm
Yehxgbeòk mnmb}zg jcr lcyelemkzcr xczgzcxecr/ }kc mk mo b}go fexg rchxm rì lerlg/ gzxgumkjc `gbeg r} bmkzxc
(i}mx~g bmkzxìtmzg% czxc mk mo b}go xczg goxmjmjcx jm gofc/ exxgjegkjc `gbeg gi}mxg (i}mx~g bmkzxìi}fg%+
Kcrczxcr tcx Omu jm Yehxgbeòk gzxgmlcr m exxgjeglcr+ B}gkjc gzxgmlcr gofc c g gof}emk `gbeg kcrczxcr
mrzglcr }rgkjc/ bckrbemkzmr c ekbckrbemkzmlmkzm }kg mkmxfìg w}m rm ooglg LGFKMZERLC1 rclcr bclc
}k elçk/ mrzglcr gzxgumkjc/ `gogkjc `gbeg kcrczxcr/ `gbeg k}mrzxc bmkzxc/ mrm gofc c gof}emk g w}emk
mrzglcr zcbgkjc bck k}mrzxgr yehxgbeckmr lgfkåzebgr bmkzxìi}fgr+ Go lerlc zemltc u tcx Omu jm Yehxgbeòk/
zglheåk mrzglcr exxgjegkjc jmrjm kcrczxcr `gbeg i}mxg/ mrg lerlg mkmxfìg lgfkåzebg/ w}m mk iek jm
b}mkzgr kc mr czxg bcrg w}m k}mrzxg mombzxebejgj tmxrckgo+ Mo w}m ròoc }rg og yehxgbeòk bmkzxìtmzg/ w}m zcjc
txmzm
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kjm
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zglheåk u mk icxlg mw}eoehxgjg og i}mx~g bmkzxìi}fg/ mr jmbex/ w}m exxgjeg gofc `gbeg i}mxg/ w}m zxgzg jm jgx u
jm jgxrm g rì lerlc/ exxgjegkjc `gbeg mo l}kjc u `gbeg zcjc oc w}m oc icxlg zcjc mo hemk w}m t}mjm/ årm
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Jmhmlcr }rgx ocr 8 lcyelemkzcr/ ef}go w}m oc `gbmk ocr togkmzgr+ Jmhmlcr mltm~gx bckbmkzxgkjc
k}mrzxg gzmkbeòk `gbeg kcrczxcr lerlcr/ `gbeg k}mrzxc txctec bmkzxc/ grmgkjc/ mlhmoombemkjc/ goelmkzgkjc
k}mrzxcr b}gzxc b}mxtcr ekimxecxmr> iìrebc/ lmkzm/ mlcbeòk u lmlcxeg/ c rmg/ mo r}hbckrbemkzm+ Jmhmlcr
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rckejc tmxbmtzehom tcx mo cìjc `}lgkc+ Tgrgjg og ixmb}mkbeg w}m mo cìjc `}lgkc
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rcrtmb`glcr w}m mrzglcr hgnc mo jclekec jm }kg Omu w}m rm lgkeiemrzg mk mrzcr
imkòlmkcr+ ]k Txekbetec c Omu nglçr t}mjm rmx jmrzx}ejc/ tmxc og yco}kzgj mr }kg
i}mx~g l}u r}tmxecx w}m t}mjm myezgx og lgkeimrzgbeòk bckrbemkzm jm mrzm Txekbetec/
t}mrzc w}m remltxm i}kbeckgxç/ tmxc mk mo ekbckrbemkzm/ rek fcotmgxkcr/ bclc re
ct}reåxglcr }k mrb}jc c }kg hgxxmxg gkzm mo fcotm/ rm b}ltom/ tmxc fcotmg jckjm kc
`gbm jg÷c+
Zemkm mrzm Txekbetec jmo Xezlc czxgr tgxzeb}ogxejgjmr w}m mr h}mkc bckcbmx+ Jmkzxc
jm r} i}k
i}kbe
beck
ckgl
glem
emkz
kzc
c mk
mkzx
zxg
g oc w}
w}mm rm oog
ooglg
lg Omu jm BcBclt
ltmkr
mkrgb
gbeòk
eòk++ ]kc jm oc
ocrr
refkeiebgjcr jm og tgoghxg bcltmkrgbeòk mr/ bckzxghgogkbmgx/ mw}eoehxgx/ u mk mrzm
rmkzejc rm mltomg jeb`c zåxlekc mk lmzgiìrebg+ Mo Auhgoeòk jebm>
Ocr `mxlåzebcr bckrejmxgk og bgjmkg jm yejgr bclc bckzek}g/ bclc reltomr tgxzmr
jm }kg rcog yejg jmo ekjeyej}c/ jm r}mxzm w}m og crbeogbeòk xìzlebg mr bckrejmxgjg mk
mrzm icxlg/ lemkzxgr w}m kc zmkjxìg refkeiebgjc re kc rm gjlezemxg og jcbzxekg jm og
xmmkbgxkgbeòk+
Og Om Omu
u jm Bc Bclt
ltmkmkrg
rgbe
beòk
òk jm
jmrm
rmlt
ltm÷
m÷gg }k
}kg
g tg
tgxz
xzm
m el
eltc
tcxz
xzgk
gkzm
zm mk og yeyejg
jg jm og
`}lgkejgj t}mr rm ymxç w}m bgjg tmxrckg fmkmxgolmkzm tgfg mo txmbec jm oc w}m
zemkm c om igozg+ Kgjem t}mjm go lerlc zemltc f}gxjgxrm ocr bmkzgycr u bclmxrm mo
j}obm+ Zcjc zemkm r} ogjc gfxgjghom u jmrgfxgjghom+ Ogr bcrgr w}m }kc chzemkm
remltxm ogr tgfg bck ogr w}m temxjm+ Mo xebc tcrmm bcrgr w}m go tchxm om igozgk
lemkzxgr mo tchxm jerix}zg jm bcrgr i}mxg jmo gobgkbm jmo xebc+ Mo leoockgxec t}mjm
rgzer
rg zerig
igbm
bmxx r}
r}rr jm
jmrmc
rmcrr bc
bckk oc
ocrr lmn
lmncx
cxmr
mr ye
yekc
kcr/
r/ bg
bgyeg
yegx/
x/ xeb
xebcr
cr lg
lgkn
kngx
gxmr
mr bc
bck k rg
rgorg
orgrr
bcltoebgjgr/ tmxc fmkmxgolmkzm jerix}zg zglheåk jm }kg jertmtreg c jm }kg bclhg
leoockgxeg mk ym~ jm mrzòlgfc/ w}m om jg }kg ief}xg xejìb}og u om `gbm zglheåk rmkzexrm
lgo iìrebglmkzm+ Mo tchxm w}m kc w}mjg oomkc jmo zcjc jefemxm hemk u jerix}zg bck
gtmzezc jm oc w}m rm om txmrmkzg mk og lmrg u fmkmxgolmkzm zemkm }k b}mxtc çfeo u
mrzeoe~gjc+
mrzeoe ~gjc+ L}b`cr fxgkjmr bcleockmr zmxlekgk r}nmzçkjcrm
r}nmzçkjcrm g jemzgr jm `glhxm tgxg
xmb}tmxgx og oìkmg u og rgo}j u mk mrzc gb}jmk g og Omu jm Bcltmkrgbeòk/ gkzmr
bcle
bc lemxc
mxck
k jmjmlg
lgreg
regjc
jc l}l}b`
b`c/
c/ u g`
g`cx
cxg
g ze
zemk
mkmk
mk w}w}mm bc
bclmx
lmx jml
jmlgr
greg
egjc
jc tc
tcbc
bc tg
tgxg
xg
mw}eoeoeh
hxgx r} cxfgker erl
lc+ Og Omu jmo Xez ezl
lc mr mrzzç remltxm lgkei eim
mrzçkjcrm
bcltmkrgjcxglmkzm/ mw}eoehxgkjc u bckzxghgogkbmgkjc ogr bcrgr bckzek}glmkzm/ mk
og r}bmreòk jmo zemltc/ g}kw}m og crbeogbeòk jmo Xezlc rmg g ymbmr zgk gltoeg w}m
zgxjg yejgr mkzmxgr u gþk ygxegr mkbgxkgbeckmr tgxg xmrzghombmx mo mw}eoehxec+
‟KGJG @GU K]MYC HGNC MO RCO“/ c rmg/ w}m oc w}m ymlcr cb}xxex `cu u kcr
tgxmbm }kg kcymjgj/ kc `gu zgo/ mrc lerlc/ bck oefmxgr ygxegkzmr ug cb}xxeò ygxegr
ymbmr g zxgyår jm ogr mjgjmr u rmf}exç cb}xxemkjc xìzlebglmkzm mk oc tcxymkex+ Og
@erzcxeg rm xmtezm tcxw}m mo ygeyåk jmo Xezlc oomyg u zxgm ogr lerlgr yehxgbeckmr u
`gbm
`g bm jmjmrg
rgtg
tgxmb
xmbmx
mx u xm
xmgt
gtgx
gxmb
mbmx
mx bc
bcrg
rgr/
r/ r}
r}bm
bmrc
rcrr u mz
mzgt
gtgr
gr w}w}m
m cb
cb}x
}xxm
xmk
k tc
tcxx be
bebo
bocr
cr
xìzlebcr+ R}bmjm w}m og ockfez}j jm og ckjg xìzlebg t}mjm rmx lçr ogxfg c lçr bcxzg u
grì ymlcr bòlc/ mk }k tmw}m÷c mrtgbec jm zemltc/ mo Xezlc rm lgkeiemrzg c tcx mo
bckzxgxec/ mrz}jeçkjcoc mk mo lgbxcbcrlcr/ kcr jglcr b}mkzg jm w}m bemxzcr r}bmrcr
rm xmtezmk tmxeòjebglmkzm
tmxeòjebglmkzm bgjg }kc c zgkzcr refocr/ leomkecr c mckmr+ Yeåkjcoc mk r}
ckjg bcxzg mkbckzxglcr w}m }kc jm ocr xezlcr lçr tmw}m÷cr mr mo ogzejc jmo t}orc/
w}m zemkm }k zeb,zgb xìzlebc/ hemk lgxbgjc1 b}gkjc rm mrzghombm og gxxezleg c rmg
ekgxlckìg mk mo xezlc/ oc w}m kc mrzç mk Omu/ gtgxmbm og mkimxlmjgj u `grzg og
l}mxzm+ Uåkjckcr g mrz}jegx mrzg Omu mk mo ]keymxrc/ mkbckzxglcr bòlc ocr togkmzgr/
mltm~gkjc tcx mo k}mrzxc/ zemkmk }kc c lçr lcyelemkzcr xìzlebcr1 grelerlc ocr
ooglgjcr bclmzgr/ gtgxmbmk u jmrgtgxmbmk jmkzxc jm }kg òxhezg mpbåkzxebg bgjg }kg
r}lg mrzghombejg jm g÷cr/ zgk mpgbzc mr r} xìzlebc lcyelemkzc/ w}m ocr grzxòkclcr
t}mjmk txmjmbex bck hgrzgkzm gkzebetgbeòk r} gtgxebeòk jmkzxc jm k}mrzxc iexlglmkzc+
Zcjc mk og Kgz}xgom~g chmjmbm g og Omu jmo Xezlc u mrzm Xezlc mr zgk tmximbzc w}m re
kc i}mxg grì mk o}fgx jm mrm cxjmk grclhxcrc w}m lgkzemkm go ]keymxrc i}kbeckgkjc
bclc }kg tmximbzg lgw}ekgxeg/ rm mrzghombmxìg mo bgcr+ Mo Xezlc mrzç txmrmkzm mk
zcjc/ rek xezlc kc `gu lþrebg/ ke zgltcbc `gu hgeom+ Jmrjm r} lçr fxcrmxg mptxmreòk
`grzg og lçr mrzeoe
mrzeoe~gjg/
~gjg/ zgkzc mo hgeom bclc og lþreb
lþrebg
g mrzçk r}nmzc
r}nmzcrr g xezlc+ Rek xezlc
kc `gu yejg+ Og Omu jm og Yejg mr xìzlebg/ bgjg zgkzgr o}kgr kmbmrezg b}gow}emx imzc
`}lgkc c gkelgo/ jmkzxc jmo yemkzxm lgzmxkc tgxg icxlgxrm zczgolmkzm+ Grelerlc/ mr
xìzlebc mo ghxex jm ocr tåzgocr jm }kg iocx1 re w}mxmlcr gtxmr}xgx mo xezlc u zxgzglcr
jm gu}jgx g}kw}m rmg bck k}mrzxc goemkzc/ rek w}m k}mrzxgr lgkcr og zcw}mk/ og
zcw
cw}m
}m// og lg
lgzg
zglc
lcr+r+ Ef
Ef}g
}goo bc
bcrg
rg r}
r}bm
bmjm
jm b}
b}g
gkj
kjcc }k tc tcoo
oo}m
}moc
oc ml
mltetem~
m~g
g g te tebbgx
xìzleb
xìzlebgl
glmk
mkzm
zm og bçbçrb
rbgx
gxg
g jm
jmoo `}
`}my
mycc mk r} tx txcb
cbmr
mrcc jm kg
kgbe
bele
lemk
mkzc
zc11 åo oc `g
`gbm
bm
xìzlebglmkzm/ re zxgzglcr jm gu}jgxoc xcltemkjc og bçrbgxg jmrzx}elcr r} xezlc u
jmrzx}elcr r} yejg+ Ocr fxgkjmr bgzgboerlcr rck xìzlebcr1 fxgkjmr bckzekmkzmr `gk
jmrgtgxmbejc hgnc ogr gf}gr jm ocr cbågkcr u czxcr `gk gtgxmbejc mk r} o}fgx1 mrzc
yemkm r}bmjemkjc jmrjm w}m k}mrzxc togkmzg mltm~ò r} myco}beòk/ grtexg u mp`gog
bckzekmkzmr/ ef}go w}m mr rco/ grtexg u mptexg togkmzgr xìzlebglmkzm/ tmxc mrzg ckjg mr
zgk ogxfg w}m og `erzcxeg rm temxjm mk ogr kmh}ocrgr jm ocr zemltcr u gtmkgr re
zmkmlcr }kg ygfg ejmg jm bòlc mrzc r}bmjm+
Ogr lgxmgr jm og yejg io}umk u xmio}umk jm gb}mxjc bck og Omu u grì ymlcr i}kbeckgx
k}mrzxcr mrzgjcr jm çkelc/ k}mrzxcr rmkzelemkzcr/ k}mrzxcr mrzgjcr lmkzgomr mk }k
xezlc io}bz}gkzm+ G ymbmr mltm~glcr gofc bck fxgk mkz}regrlc/ jm gb}mxjc bck
k}mrzxc
k}mrz xc xezlc grbmkjmkzm/
grbmkjmkzm/ mrzm mkz}regrlc rm rcrzemk
rcrzemkmm j}xgkz
j}xgkzm
m jmzmxle
jmzmxlekgjc
kgjc tmxìcjc
jm zemltc u jm txckzc rek w}m rmtglcr tcx w}å/ kcr mkzxg lmogkbcoìg/ tmxjmlcr og
bckiegk~g/
bckieg k~g/ mo gr}kzc mr w}m jmo ctzeler
ctzelerlclc tgrglcr go tmreler
tmrelerlc/
lc/ go jmbgel
jmbgelemkzc/
emkzc/ rek
rghmx b}çkzc ke tcx w}å jmbgmlcr/ kcr rmkzelcr ekmrzghomr1 o}mfc/ zglheåk rek rghmx
tcx w}å/ k}mrzxg lcxgo mltem~g g r}hex/ xmgbbeckglcr/ ug kc ymlcr ogr bcrgr zgk
kmfxgr
kmf xgr u kcr omy omygkz
gkzglc
glcrr jm k}my
k}myc+c+ Grì rmf}elcr
rmf}elcr gbzgbz}gk
}gkjc/
jc/ mkzxm mkz
mkz}re
}regrl
grlcc u
jmbgelemkzcr/ bgumkjc u omygkzçkjckcr/ rek rghmx w}m mrzglcr chmjmbemkjc g og Omu
jmo Xezlc1 zxmr tgrcr `gbeg gxxehg u jcr tgrcr `gbeg ghgnc+ B}gkjc mrzglcr jgkjc ocr
zxmr tgrcr `gbeg gxxehg kcr rmkzelcr m}iòxebcr/ rclcr bgtgbmr jm bckw} bckw}erzgx
erzgx k}mrzxc
l}kjc1 b}gkjc jglcr ocr jcr tgrcr jm xmzxcbmrc/ kcr ymkelcr ghgnc lcxgolmkzm
`ghogkjc u mr w}m mrzglcr remkjc lgkmngjcr tcx }k Txekbetec c Omu w}m mr ekl}zghom
u rm b}b}lt
ltomom++ Tm
Tmxc
xc bc
bclc
lc ug mpmpto
toew
ew}å
}å// re oc mr
mrz}
z}je
jegl
glcrcr u gt
gtxm
xmkj
kjml
mlcrcr g }r
}rgx
gxoc
oc
tcrezeyglmkzm/ ef}go w}m rm `gbm bck og Omu jm Lmkzgoerlc u bck ogr czxgr Omumr/
içbeolmkzm mrbgtglcr g r}r mimbzcr kmfgzeycr+ Mrzgr omumr kc rck h}mkgr ke rck
lgogr
lgo gr relt
reltomlm
omlmkzm
kzm moo
moogr
gr fgx
fgxgkz
gkze~g
e~gkk mo i}kb
i}kbeck
eckglem
glemkzc
kzc gxl
gxlòkeb
òkebc
c jmo ]ke
]keymxr
ymxrc
c (u
kcrczxcr rclcr tgxzm jm mrm ]keymxrc% u mr k}mrzxc bckcbelemkzc u mo }rc w}m
`gbmlcr jm moogr oc w}m ogr bgoeiebgk bclc h}mkgr c lgogr tgxg bgjg w}emk+
Ug rghmlcr w}m kc tcjmlcr gk}ogx og Omu jmo Xezlc ke kekf}kg Omu/ tmxc zgltcbc
tcjmlcr bckymkex mk w}m/ }kg ym~ bckcbejc r} i}kbeckglemkzc/ rmglcr fcotmgjcr
tcx moo
moogr
gr b}g
b}gkjc
kjc zgk içb
içbeolm
eolmkzm
kzm tcj
tcjmlcr
mlcr }ze
}zeoe~g
oe~gxogr
xogr u `gb
`gbmxog
mxogrr k}m
k}mrzx
rzxgr
gr goe
goegjg
gjgr/r/
mrw}eygkjc r} tgxzm kmfgzeyg u gtxcymb`gkjc og tcrezeyg+ Kc jmhmlcr tmxlezex w}m
kekf}kg Omu kcr oomym jm gbç tgxg gooç/ ke w}m n}mf}m bck kcrczxcr bclc re i}åxglcr
hxe~kgr jm tgng mk mo yemkzc/ rekc w}m jmhmlcr gtxmkjmx g mo}jex r}r mimbzcr `grzg
bemxz
bemxzc
c fxfxgj
gjc/
c/ fx
fxgj
gjcc w}
w}mm jm
jmtm
tmkj
kjmm jm
jmoo jc
jcle
leke
kec
c w}w}mm zm
zmkf
kfgl
glcrcr jm jejeb`
b`c
c Tx
Txekb
ekbet
etec
ec++
Gtxmkjmlcr g }rgx og Omu mk ym~ jm rmx }rgjcr tcx moog/ mr jmbex> zclglcr mo lgkjc+
Gtxmkjmlcr g tcogxe~gxkcr mk mo t}kzc mk w}m jmrmglcr w}mjgxkcr u kcr momyglcr
tcx mkbelg jm og crbeogbeòk kmfgzeyg c jm hgngjg+ Zcjc mo w}m `g gjw}exejc gofþk
fxgj
fx gjc
c jm jc jclek
lekec
ec rc
rchxm
hxm rì lel
lelcc mn
mnmb
mb}z
}zg
g mr
mrzc
zc `g
`grz
rzg
g be
bemxz
mxzc
c t}
t}kz
kzc/
c/ bc
bckr
krbe
bemk
mkzm
zm c
ekbckrbemkzmlmkzm1 tmxc mo w}m `g gjw}exejc og Lgmrzxìg oc mimbzþg bckrbemkzmlmkzm u
tcx lmjec jmo jclekec jm og Omu gobgk~g }k fxgjc jm mw}eoehxec/ mrzgheoejgj u iexlm~g
lmkzgo bgre eltcrehomr jm bckbmhex tcx og lgucxìg jm yg u yemkm mk }k bckzek}c
lcyelemkzc ckj}ogzcxec/ remltxm elt}orgjc tcx r} txctec Xezlc+
Rghmlcr w}m `gu jcr togkcr jm bckbemkbeg lmkzgo/ }kc ekimxecx u czxc r}tmxecx+ B}gkjc og lgkeimrzgbeòk
tmkj}ogx mrzç mk hgngjg/ re kcr grelcr go togkc jm bckbemkbeg r}tmxecx/ mrbgtgxmlcr g ocr mimbzcr
jmtxmreycr jm og Omu/ og crbeogbeòk jmo tåkj}oc/ c rmg/ og jmtxmreòk lmkzgo/ rm lgkeimrzgxç mk ocr hgncr
togkcr jm og l}mxzm ekbckrbemkzm/ tmxc k}mrzxc togkc bckrbemkzm kc rmxç gimbzgjc+ Og ctmxgbeòk bcrerzm mk
momygx mo Uc rchxm ogr yehxgbeckmr jmo togkc ekbckrbemkzm jm og gbzeyejgj lmkzgo/ c rmg/ kc `gbmxom bgrc g oc
jmtxmreyc w}m yemkm g k}mrzxg lmkzm/ rekc lgkzmkmxkcr rmf}xcr jm w}m Jecr mrzç bck kcrczxcr u tcx oc
zgkzc zcjc mrzç hemk+ Jm mrzm lcjc ogr jmtxmreckmr fcotmgxçk rchxm ogfc w}m kc mrzç mk k}mrzxg bckbemkbeg
u tcx oc zgkzc kc kcr y}okmxgxçk+ Tckfglcr }k mnmltoc> Mk }k lclmkzc jm m}icxeg b}gkjc mo togkc mr jm
r}hejg/ zþ ekyemxzmr z} bgtezgo mk }kgr gbbeckmr w}m zm tgxmbemxck rmx }kg h}mkg ekymxreòk+ Zþ mkbckzxgrzm
leo xg~ckmr tgxg bcltxmkjmx w}m gw}mooc mxg }k kmfcbec rmf}xc/ zþ mrzçr bckzmkzc+ Jm xmtmkzm/ yemkm og
jmtxmreòk jm z} Xezlc/ z}r jcr tgrcr gzxçr/ u rek rghmx bòlc ke tcx w}å/ mltem~gr g gxxmtmkzexzm/ mltem~gr
g tmkrgx re kc `ghxçr bclmzejc }k jertgxgzm1 ug kc zm remkzmr zgk rmf}xc/ zgk m}iòxebc+ Tgxg bcolc xmr}ozg
w}m mrgr gbbeckmr go jìg ref}emkzm hgngk jcr t}kzcr mk og Hcorg/ zm gzmxxgr u zxgzgr jm ymkjmxogr ‟gkzmr jm
w}m hgnmk lçr“+ Zm jmngrzm fcotmgx mk z} lmkzm bckrbemkzm tcx og hgngjg jmo Xezlc+ Re b}gkjc zm grgozg og
j}jg zþ jebmr> ‟§Gknç/ årzg mr og Omu jmo Xezlc w}m lm yemkm g igrzejegx1 uc gumx mrzghg l}u bckzmkzc u
rmf}xc u `cu+++'“+ U mk }k
} k togkc bckrbemkzm lmkzgo CXJMKGR BGOLG/ ZXGKW]EOEJGJ/ u mr w }m
xmgolmkzm zm ygr g w}mjgx zxgkw}eoc/ jebemkjc> ‟H]MKC/ T]MR KC+ JMBOGXC H]MKC OC W]M @EBM
GUMX U RMF]XC W]M RÌ YCU G CHZMKMX FGKGKBEGR/ GRÌ OC GIEXLC/ JMBXMZC U OC
GBMTZC“+ Zm w}mjgr zxgkw}eoc mkzxmfçkjcom g Jecr mo gr}kzc u jmrbgkrgkjc mk tg~ jm R} Txmrmkbeg+
W}åjgzm rmxmkc/ zxgkw}eoc/ mrzc mr ekjertmkrghom/ og lçr omym j}jg w}m mr }k grclc jm igozg jm im/ mb`g g
tmxjmx og lgkeimrzgbeòk+ Re ocr ygocxmr ref}mk hgngkjc/ kc zm gtxmr}xmr/ mrz}jeg og rez}gbeòk bck bgolg+ Re
mltem~gk g r}hex/ b}gkjc r}hg jm k}myc z} Xezlc/ mkzckbmr mr mo lclmkzc jm bcocbgxocr/ jm rgoex jm moocr/
tmxc kc gtxmr}xgjglmkzm b}gkjc mrzçk mk hgng+ W}m ref}mk hgngkjc/ kc gbmtzmr jmtxmreòk mk ze+ Je
reltomlmkzm> ‟]KGR RCK JM BGO U CZXGR RCK JM GXMKG“/ re tcx mrzm ogjc rgofc tmxn}jebgjc
gtgxmkzmlmkzm/ ug Jecr tcx czxc lm mrzç xmtckemkjc mrzg gtgxmkzm tåxjejg+ U bxåmoc/ u teåkrgoc/ u giìxlgoc/
u kc temxjgr ìltmz}/ kc zm jmnmr gbchgxjgx/ og yejg mr }k r}hm u hgng xìzlebc/ gjçtzgzm g mrzc u gtxcymb`g
b}gkjc mo xezlc mrzç mk gozc tgxg `gbmx z}r ctmxgbeckmr/ tgxg jmbogxgxom z} glcx g og l}nmx w}m glgr/ tgxg
mltxmkjmx yegnmr c `gbmx bglhecr/ tgxg `gbmx bcltxclercr m ekebegx b}gow}emx k}myg gbzeyejgj u gtxmkjm g
mrtmxgx/ g mrzgxzm w}emzc/ b}gkjc mrzç mk hgng+ Re zm jgr b}mkzg jm w}m zcjc rm l}mym xìzlebglmkzm/
gtxmkjmxçr g rchxmkgjgx mk og lgxmg jm og yejg u remltxm mrzgxçr mk og bxmrzg jm og cog+ Temkrg w}m zemkmr
w}m gixckzgx tåxjejgr u fgkgkbegr bck ef}go rmxmkejgj+ Gomfxìgr u jcocxmr bck og lerlg mw}ejgj+ R}bmrcr
igycxghomr u jmrigycxghomr bck çkelc tgxmnc/ remltxm mxf}ejc/ bck z} bckiegk~g t}mrzg mk Jecr+