Dr.

JP IAS ACADEMY

Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY 11. Which of the following statement is true about the
Ram Nagar Coimbatore - 09 Ecotone?
( www.drjpiasacademy.com) A. It is meeting place of two different eco-systems
(Ph: 0422 - 4391758; Mob: + 91 - 78452 02153) B. It is meeting place of two same eco-systems
C. Density of species is very low here D. All of
the above.
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 12. Consider the following statements about the estuary:
1. Synecology deals with 1. Estuary is place where the river fresh waster
A. ecology of many species B. ecology of many meets with ocean water
populations C. ecology of community D. none
of the above 2. This area is highly productive

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3. This area is highly unproductive
2. Ecotype is a type of species in which environmentally
induced variations are 4. All of the above

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A. temporary B. Genetically fixed C. geneti-
cally not related D. none of the above Which of above the statements is/are true?

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A. 1 only B. 2 only C. 1 and 2 D. 3 only
3. The term “Biocoenosis” was proposed by
A. Transley B. Karl Mobius C. Warming 13. Which of following statement is incorrect about the
D. none of the above Biosphere?

A
A. Biosphere is combination of lithosphere, hydro-
4. Energy flow in an ecosystem is
sphere and Atmosphere B. Biosphere is missing
A. unidirectional B. Bidirectional C. Multidi-
AC
at extreme of north and south pole C. Organisms
rectional D. Cyclic
are uniformly present in Biosphere D. All of the
5. Flow of materials in an ecosystem is above
A. unidirectional B. Bidirectional C. Multidi-
rectional D. Cyclic 14. In an ecotone, the species which become abundant are
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called:
6. Trophic levels are formed by A. Edge species B. Keystone species C. En-
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A. only plants B. only animals C. only carnivo- demic species D. Foster species
rous D. organisms linked in food chain
15. The pyramid of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is
7. Biotic potential is counteracted by
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A. Competition with other organisms B. Pro-

A. upright B. inverted C. spindle shaped
ducer is the largest C. Limitation of food supply
D. none of these
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D. None of the above

8. Definition of ecosystem is 16. The pyramid of numbers is inverted in the case of
A. The community of organisms together with the en-
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vironment in which they live B. The abiotic com- A. parasitic food chain B. forest land ecosystem
ponent of a habitat C. The part of the earth and its C. grassland ecosystem D. lake ecosystem
atmosphere which inhibits living organisms D. A
community of organisms interacting with one another 17. Which of the following ecological pyramid is always
upright?
9. In a food chain of grassland ecosystem the top con-
sumers are
A. pyramid of energy B. pyramid of number
A. Herbivorous B. Carnivorous C. Bacteria
C. pyramid of biomass D. none of these
D. Either carnivorous or herbivorous
10. Species that occur in different geographical regions 18. Pyramid of numbers in a single tree is
separated by special barrier are:
A. Allopatric B. Sympatric C. Sibling A. upright B. inverted C. spindle shaped
D. None of the above D. none of these

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

19. The graphic representation of number of individuals 29. Biodiversity Hotspot are characterized on the basis of:
of different species belonging to each trophic level in
an ecosystem is
A. Pyramid of energy B. Pyramid of number
C. pyramid of biomass D. Ecological pyramid
20. Pyramid of biomass is inverted in
A. Forest ecosystem B. Grassland ecosystem
C. Fresh water ecosystem D. Tundra
21. In Pond ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is
A. Endemic flowering plant and threat perception
B. Endemic flowering plant C. Species of flowering
plants D. None of above
30. The most important human activity, leading to the
extinction of wildlife, is
A. Pollution of wildlife, is B. Hunting for valuable
wildlife products C. Introduction of alien species
D. Alternation and destruction of the natural habi-
tats
31. If we uncover half of the forest, covering of the earth,

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what crisis will be produced at most and at first?
A. upright B. inverted C. spindle shaped A. Some species will be extinct B. Population and

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D. none of these ecological imbalance will rise up C. Energy crisis
will occur D. Rest half forests will maintain this
22. In grassland ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is

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imbalance

A. upright B. inverted C. spindle shaped 32. What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife num-
D. none of these ber?

A
23. Which of the following system is incorrect regarding A. Felling of trees B. Cannibalism C. Habitat
ecological pyramid? destruction D. Paucity of drinking water
AC
33. Viable material of endangered species can be pre-
A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosys- served by
tem B. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in A. Gene bank B. Gene library C. Gene pool
aquatic ecosystem C. The pyramid of numbers is D. Herbarium
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upright in grassland ecosystem D. The pyramid of

biomass is upright in grassland ecosystem 34. Which group of vertebrates comprises the highest
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number of endangered species?

24. Red data book contains data of
A. Mammals B. Fishes C. Birds D. Reptiles
A. all plant species B. all animal species C. eco-
nomically important species D. threatened species 35. Which of the following is mainly responsible for the
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extinction of wild life

25. Which of the following region has maximum diversity
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A. Pollution of air and water B. Hunting of flesh

A. mangroves B. temperate rainforest C. taiga
C. Destruction of Habitats D. All of these
D. coral reefs
36. Consider the following classification of Biodiversity:
26. Biodiversity
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1.Alpha-diversity – Between-community diversity

A. increases towards the equator B. decreases to-
2. Beta-diversity – Within-Community diversity
wards the equator C. remains same throughout the
3.Gamma diversity – Overall Biodiversity
planet D. has no effect on change in latitude
27. The most important reason for decrease in biodiver- Which among the above is/are incorrectly paired?
sity is A. Only 2 B. Only 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 1, 2
A. habitat pollution B. introduction of exotic and 3
species C. over-exploitation D. habitat de-
37. What is the meaning of coral bleaching?
struction
A. Paling of coral color or decline in zooxanthellae
28. Hot spots are regions of high due to climate change B. Impacts of excessive
A. rarity B. endemism C. critically endangered sea trade on fishing industry C. Both a and b
population D. diversity D. None of the above

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

38. A high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates 48. ‘Lion-tailed macaque’ is the key faunal species of
that: which Biosphere Reserve?
A. water is pure B. absence of microbial action A. Nilgiri B. Dehang-Debang C. Dibru-
C. Low level of microbial pollution D. High level Saikhowa D. Nokrek
of microbial pollution
49. Consider the statements about the Biosphere, which
39. Growing agricultural crops between rows of planted one is correct?
trees is known as A. Conserve the diversity of plants, animals and mi-
A. Social forestry B. Jhum C. Taungya system cro organism B. Conserve the diversity and in-
D. Agroforestry tegrity of animal only C. Conserve the diversity
and integrity of micro organism only D. All of the
40. The cutting down of trees and setting them on fire above
and raising crops on the resulting ash is called:

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A. Pyrolysis B. Jhum C. Taungya system 50. Which of following is part of world network of Bio-
sphere?

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D. Shift cultivation
A. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve B. Sunderban
41. What percent of area in the plain should be under Biosphere Reserve C. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

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forest? D. All of the above
A. 33% B. 67% C. 30% D. 10%
51. Consider the following statements about the biodiver-
42. Algal bloom is the result of sity hotspot?

A
A. Global warming B. Salination C. Eutrophi- I) Norman Mayer is associated with scientists respon-
cation D. Biomagnification sible for making the list of biodiversity hotspot
AC
II) These areas are biodiversity rich and species are
43. Which of the following is not among the four coral endemic to this area
reef regions of India identified by the Government for III) Biodiversity is under the threat
intensive conservation and management? Which of above the statement is/are true?
A. Gulf of Mannar B. Gulf of Khambat C. Lak- A. I B. I and II C. I, II and III D. III
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shadweep Islands D. Andaman and Nicobar Is-

52. Which of following is hotspot in India?
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lands
A. Western Ghat B. Simlipal C. Sundarban
44. The relationship between water fern Azolla and D. Nanda Devi
cyanobacterium Anabaena is :
53. The Temperate Grassland or Shrub-Land Biome is
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A. Symbiotic B. Mutualistic C. Commensalism

D. Proto-Cooperation commonly known as –
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45. Which one of the following is a useful biological indi- 1. Steppe in Central Asia
cator of Sulphur-dioxide pollution ? 2. Prairie in North America
A. Bryophytes B. Algal blooms C. Pseu-
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3. Veld in South America

domonas D. Lichens
Choose the correct option:
46. In Nitrogen Cycle, soil nitrates are transformed into
free nitrogen by: A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and
3
A. Nitrifying bacteria B. Denitrifying bacteria
C. Ammonifying bacteria D. Both [A] and[C] 54. Which of following is incorrectly matched:

47. An aquatic plant introduced from America to check A. Sunderban : West Bengal B. Simplipal : Tamil-
pollution turned out to be a troublesome weed in In- nadu C. Nanda Devi : Uttarakhand D. Manas :
dian water bodies. The name of this ‘invasive alien Assam
species’ is : 55. Consider the following statements about the functions
A. Opuntia B. Aegilops C. Eichhornia of wetland
D. Pistia I) It stores the flood

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

II) It recharges the ground water 60. Which of the following two criteria have to be met
III) It provides different products such as fish, timber in order to qualify as a ‘biodiversity hotspot’ on the
etc world hotspots map?
Which of above the statements are true about the
function of wetland? 1. The region must contain at least 0.5 percent
A. I B. II C. I,II and III D. III or 1500 species of vascular plants as endemic
species.
56. Which of following statement is correct about the wet- 2. The region has to have lost at least 70 percent
land in India? of its primary vegetation.
A. Tso Marari and Chandartal are Glaciated Wet-
lands B. Chilka in Odisha is an example of lagoon Choose the correct option:
wetland C. Loktak lake is oxbow wetland it is in A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Nei-
Manipur D. All of the above ther 1 nor 2

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57. Consider the following statements about the Man- 61. The ‘Red Data Book’ is the documention of rare and

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grove forests endangered species of :
I) Mangrove trees grow in saline coastal regions
II) Sundarban is world largest mangrove forest 1. Animals

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III) Mangrove forest support varieties of life 2. Plants
IV) Andaman and Nicobar island also have mangrove 3. Fungi
forest
Which of above statements are true or correct?

A
A. Only 1 B. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and
A. I only B. II only C. I, II , III and IV D. IV 3
AC
only 62. The ‘Olive Ridley turtles’ are considered to be endan-
58. Lantana – know as Phool Lakhri in local parlance, is gered because of their few remaining nesting sites in
a shrub found in abundance in Himachal Pradesh. the world. In this context, which among the following
Statement(s) is/are correct ?
1. It is a toxic weed and has affected the mountain
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diversity of the state. 1. Their peculiar behaviour of synchronized nesting

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in mass numbers is known as ‘Arribada’.

2. Lantana species are widely cultivated for their
2. Gahirmatha Beach in Orissa is one of their few
flowers.
nesting grounds in the world.
3. It is endemic to India.
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4. It is considered as potential fire hazard and it is A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Nei-
combustible even when green. ther 1 nor 2
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63. Consider the following Mangrove areas:

Which of the statements given above is/are correct
about it? 1. Bhitarkanika
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A. 1, 2 & 4 only. B. 2 & 4 only. C. 1 & 3 only. 2. Pichavaram

D. 1, 2, 3 & 4. 3. Coondapur
59. Consider the following animals found in India
Which among the above is/are situated on the Eastern
1. Namdapha flying squirrel Coast of India?

2. Pygmy hog A. Only 1 B. 1 and 2 C. 1 and 3 D. 1, 2 and

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3. Nicobar White-tailed Shrew
64. Which among the following is key faunal species that
Which of the animals given above is/are critically en- is being conserved and monitored in ‘Dachigam Na-
dangered? tional Park’ ?
A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1, 2 and A. Musk Deer B. Golden Oriole C. Yellow-
3 throated Marten D. Hangul or Kashmir Stag

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

65. Consider the following Statements regarding ‘Keibul 1. It is one of the Ramsar Wetlands of International
lamjao National Park’: Importance.

1. It is an integral part of Loktak lake and also the 2. It is inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage
only floating National Park in the world. list.

2. The animal species conserved here is the endan-
gered ‘Brow-antlered deer’ or Sangai.
3. The national park is characterized by many float-
ing decomposed plant materials locally called
‘phumdis’.
Which among the above Statement(s) is/are correct?
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Nei-
ther 1 nor 2
70. The largest number of Tiger Reserves are located in :
A. Karnataka B. Andhra Pradesh C. Madhya
Pradesh D. West Bengal

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A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and
3 71. The Siberian Crane, an endangered migratory bird

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66. Which among the following awards has been recently is a regular visitor of which of the following national
instituted by the Government of India for individu- park/bird sanctuaries:

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als or communities from rural areas that have shown A. Ranganathittu bird sanctuary B. Keoladeo
extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting national park C. Vedanthangal bird sanctuary
Wildlife? D. Sultanpur bird sanctuary
A. Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar B. Medini
Puruskar Yojana
D. Pitambar Pant National Award
A
C. Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award 72. Which of the following Indian States/UT has the max-
imum percentage of mangrove cover in the country ?
AC
A. Gujarat B. West Bengal C. Andaman and
67. Consider the following Tiger Reserves of India: Nicobar D. Orissa

1. Udanti Sitanadi – Rajasthan 73. All species of ‘Lemur’ are endemic to which among
2. Dandeli Anashi – Chattisgarh the following places of the world?
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3. Sariska – Orissa A. Seychelles Islands B. Galapagos Islands

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4. Satkosia – Karnataka C. New Caledonia D. Madagascar

Which of the above Tiger Reserves are correctly 74. Which among the following is the World’s largest Wet-
land System?
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paired with their respective locations?

A. 1 and 2 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 2 ,3 and 4 A. Camargue (France) B. Okavango (Botswana)
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D. None of them C. Everglades (USA) D. Pantanal (South Amer-

ica)
68. Consider the following Statements:
75. Identify the correct match between tiger reserve and
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1. The State of Forests Report (SFR) is brought its state

out by Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.
A. Manas – Assam B. Corbett – Madhya Pradesh
2. The forest cover assessment of India is published C. Bandipur – Tamil Nadu D. Palanau – Orissa.
in this annual report.
76. Which of the following is the matching pair of a sanc-
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct in this tuary and its main protected wild animal?
regard?
A. Kaziranga–Musk deer B. Gir–Lion
A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Nei-
C. Sunderban–Rhino D. All of these.
ther 1 nor 2
77. Identify the correctly matched pair
69. Consider the following statements regarding Keoladeo
National Park (formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird A. Corbett park Aves B. Runn of Kutch Wild ass
Sanctuary) : C. Gir forest Rhino D. Kajiranga-Elephant.

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

78. Minamata disease was caused by pollution of water 87. Consider following statements about the Ozone Hole
by
A. mercury B. lead C. tin D. methyl iso I) Ozone formation and destruction keep on happen-
cyanate ing
II) Ozone destruction rate is higher than its formation
79. Green house effect is caused by
rate
A. Caused by combustion of many gases B. Caused III) Ozone destruction rate is equal to the its forma-
by CO2 , CH4 , CFC, NO2 gases C. Hydrocarbons tion rate
and Nitrogens D. None of these
80. Which of the following is regarded as the main cause Which of above statement is/ are true?
of groundwater contamination? A. I only B. I and II Only C. I and III only
A. agricultural products B. landfills C. septic D. III Only

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tanks D. All of the above main sources of ground
88. Earlier there was balance between the formation and
water contamination.

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destruction of Ozone layer but after the release of vari-
81. Which among the following is the most abundant eties of harmful substances into atmosphere, this bal-
Green-House-Gas (GHG) in the earth’s atmosphere? ance has been disturbed. Now rate of destruction is

A. Carbon dioxide B. Water Vapour C. Sulphur
Dioxide D. Tropospheric Ozone
82. The use of microorganism metabolism to remove pol-
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higher than the rate of formation of Ozone layer which
is causing widening of Ozone hole. CFC (Chlorofluo-
rocarbons) is one of the sources responsible for causing
hole in Ozone layer, which of following statement is

A
lutants such as oil spills in the water bodies is known correct about the CFC:
as :
AC
A. CFC is made of Chlorine, fluorine, and carbon
A. Biomagnification B. Bioremediation B. CFC is released from Refrigerant, foams in plastic
C. Biomethanation D. Bioreduction manufacturing, etc C. Refrigerant is the major
83. The ranking of countries as the highest per capita source of CFC D. All of the above
emitters of Carbon Dioxide in the world, takes into 89. Nitrogen Oxide is also held responsible for the deple-
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account their annual CO2 emissions from : tion of Ozone layer, which of following is source of
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1. Burning of fossil fuels Nitrogen Oxide?

2. Cement Manufacture A. Industrial emission B. Fertilizers which are
3. Land Use such as deforestation used in agricultural activities C. Thermonuclear
weapons D. All of the above
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A. Only 1 B. 1 and 2 C. 1 and 3 D. 1, 2 and

3 90. Which of following is/are green house gas(es)?
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A. Carbon dioxide B. Methane C. CFC

84. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
D. All of the above
A. Photochemical smog always contains Ozone.
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B. The toxic effect of Carbon Monoxide is due to its 91. The pioneers in xerach succession is the A. crustose
greater affinity for haemoglobin as compared to oxy-
gen. C. Lead is the most hazardous metal pollutant
of automobile exhaust. D. None of the above
85. Which of following can be used for controlling Gaseous
Pollutant?
A. Arrestor B. Incineration C. Absorption
D. None of above
86. Which of following is One of the best solutions to get
rid of non-biodegradable wastes is :
A. Recycling waste B. Burying waste C. Burn-
ing waste D. All of the above
lichen B. mosses C. foliose lichen D. shrubs
92. The final stable community in an ecological succes-
sion is called the A. final community B. ultimate
community C. climax community D. seral com-
munity
93. The process of successful establishment of the species
in a new area is called A. sere B. climax C. in-
vasion D. ecesis
94. The order of basic processes involved in suc-
cession is A. Nudation->Invasion-> compe-
tition and co action->reaction->stabilization

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Dr. JP IAS ACADEMY

B. Nudation->stabilization-> competition and

co action->Invasion->reaction C. Invasion->
Nudation->competition and co action->Reaction-
>stabilization D. Invasion->stabilization->
competition and co action->Reaction->nudation
Explanation: Nudation->Invasion-> competition
and co action->reaction->stabilization
95. The formation of a climax community from an aban-
doned farm land is a an example of A. Autogenic
succession B. Allogenic successsion C. Primary
succession D. Secondary succession
96. The development of a bare area without any life form

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is called

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A. nudation B. ecesis C. sere D. reaction
97. The conversion of a pond to a climax forest com-

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munity is an example of A. xerarch succession
B. mesarch succession C. hydrarch succession
D. all of these
98. The intermediate developmental stages in the ecologi-

A
cal succession is called A. sere B. ecesis C. cli-
max D. nudation
AC
99. All the statements are correct regarding ecologi-
cal succession except A. It is a random process
B. Species diversity increases as succession proceeds
C. The food chain relationships becomes more com-
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plex D. The role of decomposers becomes more and

more important
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100. What is the complex of vegetation called when it un-

dergoes no further change unless the climate changes
perceptibly
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A. an ecosystem B. climatic climax community

C. End of succession D. Edaphic climax commu-
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nity

Answers
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1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B
10. A 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. A 16. A 17. A
18. C 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. D
26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. A
34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. A
42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. A
50. D 51. C 52. A 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. D 57. C
58. A 59. D 60. C 61. D 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. D
66. C 67. D 68. D 69. C 70. C 71. B 72. B 73. D
74. D 75. A 76. B 77. D 78. A 79. B 80. D 81. B
82. B 83. B 84. D 85. C 86. A 87. B 88. D 89. D
90. D 91. A 92. C 93. D 94. A 95. D 96. A 97. C
98. A 99. A 100. B

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