Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
25
3.3 An important milestone achieved is the enact- this, a demonstrative project on SWM has been
ment of the “Employment of Manual Scavengers and taken up in Panaji town by the Government of Goa
Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act 1993” and the local authority with technical and financial
making employment of manual scavengers a punish- assistance from the UNDP/World Bank and this
able offence. The Act was passed in May 1993 and Ministry. The main objectives of this project are to (a)
assented to by the President on 6th June, 1993. So demostrate the benefits of community participation in
far four States, viz., Gujarat, Karnataka, Keraia and SWM; (b) develop a suitable SWM model with least
Tripura have declared themselves as scavenger free. cost hardware investment which is largely repiicable
About 500 towns thraughout the country have been elsewhere in India with local variations; and (c)
made scavenger free. disseminate the project experiences at the State and
National Levels. The project has been taken up for
3.4 As the involvement of women is crucial for the implementation by the State Government and is likely
successful impiementation of the programme relating to be completed by December 1994. Financial con-
to Low Cost Sanitation, the Ministry with the assist- tribution from this Ministry would be around Ms. 10 to
ance of WHO have taken up a study through a NGO 12 lakhs approximately.
regarding gender sensitisation. The first step taken in
PHE Trainlng Programme
this direction is to conduct a baseline survey in two
towns of Uttar Pradesh viz. Builandshahar and Garh- 6. Human Resource Development continues to be
mukteshwar. one of the important activities of the Ministry. Assist-
ance of the UNDP/World Bank-RWSG-SA has been
Accelerated Urban Water Supply Programme
sought for reviewing and restructuring the existing
4. This is a new Centrally sponsored scheme intro- training programmes in the sector. Their report is
duced during the 8th Five Year Plan for improving under preparation.
the drinking water supply in towns having population 6.1 Central assistance was provided by the Ministry
of less than 20,000 (1991 census). The cost of to recognised engineering colleges and institutions
implementation is to be shared between tne Centre for conducting post graduate, short term and
and the States in the ratio of 50 : 50. There are refresher courses in Public Health Engineering during
approximately 2,251 towns in this category and the 1993-94. A sum of Rs. 26.87 iakhs has already been
provision of funds required on pro-rata basis is released for this purpose. An additional Rs. 20 lakhs
estimated at Rs. 2,000 crores approximately. As is likely to be released during January to March
against this, the provision of Central assistance 1994. More than 1400 in-service engineers and
earmarked for this scheme during the 8th Five Year technical personnel have benefitted from this prog-
Plan and 1993-94 is Rs. 50 crores and Rs. 12 crores ramme. During 1992-93, a sum of Rs. 30 lakhs
respectively. in view of the huge deficit of resources, approximately was sanctioned and released.
the Ministry had convened a meeting with the Sec-
retaries concerned in the State Government/UTs to 6.2 Besides Central assistance, the Ministry deputed
ascertain their views in supplementing resources 34 Public Health Engineers and officials from the
from external agencies, such as the World Bank, The State Governments/UTs, etc. for advanced training
meeting drew mixed reaction from the participants. programmes in the United Kingdom under the Col-
Most of the participants were not in favour of loan ombo Plan and 12 candidates for study tours abroad
assistance from the World Bank in view of their rigid in the United States of America, United Kingdom and
conditionalities. South East Asia under the WHO fellowship prog-
ramme. 4 officials were also sponsored for Semi-
4.1 The Central assistance programme in its present nars/Conferences abroad under WHO assistance.
form is awaiting approval of the Cabinet Committee
on Economic Affairs and is expected to be launched Research & Development
with the resources available with the Centre and the 7. The Ministry provides Central assistance for
States in the current financial year. research activities to organisations such as the
Soitd Waste Management (SWM) National Environmental Engineering Research insti-
tute, Nagpur, etc. after their proposals have been
5. The need for proper solid waste management accepted and approved by the Research Committee
(SWM) strategies has been engaging the attention of in this Ministry. Out of the 18 on-going research
the Government of India. This has also been projects, 4 have been completed till December 1993.
reflected in the 8th Plan document. in pursuance of These are (i) Study of solid waste management in
26
Pilgrim towns (ii) Performance evaiuation of Water orgainsed by the Ministry in collaboration with the
Distribution Systems in seven selected cities of India World Bank at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on the
(iii) Developing a method to extract fresh water from 11 th and 12th March, 1994. It would provide an
sea coast aquifers & (iv) Field application of Rapid opportunity to the officials and professionals from the
Faecal coliform Test kit for Water Analysis. 4 other Urban Development, Water Supply/Sanitation and
research projects are expected to be completed by Transportation sector to interact, highlight innovative
March, 1994. Three new projects are under consider- experiences and disseminate information on the
ation during 1993-94. Rs. 7.60 lakhs has been World Bank aided projects. Besides this, a workshop
released by the Ministry for the on-going research to demonstrate the computer software on the sub-
projects and another Rs. 5 lakhs is likely to be system of Solid Waste Management will be organ-
released during January to March 1994. During ised by the CPHEEO for field engineers. The compu-
1932-93, the amount of Central assistance released ter software has been developed with the assistance
was Rs. 13 lakhs approximately. of NEERI, Nagpur under the R&D project.
Seminars/Conferences Management Information System
8. A Technica! Conference of Chief Engineers and 9. In order to have better and timely information flow
Managing Directors of Urban Water Supply and from the States/UTs pertaining to Urban Water
Sanitation Agencies in the country was held at Supply and Sanitation, the Ministry has developed
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala on the 24th and 25th Management Information System softwares on (i)
September, 1993. The Conference was organised by Planning; (ii) Finance; (iii) Project monitoring; (iv)
the CPHEEO in collaboration with the Kerala Water Inventory control; (v) Personnel; and (vi) Operation
Authority. The organisatiorial expenses was financed and maintenance. These softwares have been sup-
by the World Health Organisation. The objective of plied to the concerned State agencies for collection
the Conference was to discuss and finalise the and compilation of data at the field level. Workshops/
revised draft on the Manual on Sewerage and Sew- meetings on MIS have been conducted by the
age treatment. The recommendations of the National CPHEEO for senior level engineers.
Conference on Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
External Assistance
Policy held in March 1993 were also highlighted in
this Conference. 10. A list of on-going World Bank aided projects is
enclosed at Annexure II. Although the con-
8.1 A Seminar on Micro-Tunnelling vis-a-vis Trench-
ditionalities/convenants under the World Bank pro-
less Technology was organised by the Ministry in
cedures are quite rigid and cumbersome, yet it has
collaboration with the National Building Construction
brought home the advantages of substantial inflow of
Corporation Ltd. and the World Bank at the Scope
foreign exchange, access to international bidders/
Complex, New Delhi on the 16th and 17th December
consultants, emphasis on quality construction, effi-
1993. The Seminar was attended by officials from
cient management, monitoring, cost recovery and
the Central and State Governments, Public and
institutional development.
Private Construction Companies/Consultants, the
World Bank and other international organisations. 10.1 The concerned State Governments and the
The Seminar provided a useful forum to disseminate Ministry have been pursuing the following project
information on the development of this technology, its proposals for possible external assistance from the
wide application in Singapore, and scope for intro- World Bank, etc.:-
duction in India. The technology is applicable for
(Rs. in cfofes)
laying water supply pipes, sewers and other under-
ground utility lines without having to resort to open (i) Veeranam/ll Madras Supply project 410.55
trench construction method which is marked by (ii) III Madras Water Supply and Environ- 1105.193
various disturbing effects and environmental problem mental Sanitation project
in the congested urban areas, It was recommended (iii) Second Rajasthan Water Supply & 442.04
Sewerage project
in the Seminar that a Technical Committee may be
constituted to examine the feasibility and financial (iv) II Andhra Pradesh Water Supply and 640.00
Sewerage project
viability of transferring this technology to India and to
(v) Bombay Sewage Disposal project 414-480.00
draw up an action plan. Further action is in progress.
(Vi) II Maharashtra Water Supply & Sewer- 863.00
8.2 The Urban and Water Annual Seminar will be age project
27
(vii) Bombay IV Middle Vaitama Water Sup- 566.67 Manuals on Water Supply & Treatment and
ply Project Sewerage & Sewage Treatment
(viii) lnsitu Lining of Water trunk Mains in 265.36
Madras City 12. The Manual on Water Supply and Treatment has
been revised, updated and published for the benefit
of in-service engineers in the preparation, execution,
Technical Clearance of Urban Water Supply & operation and maintenance of water supply schemes.
Sanitation Schemes. It would also be of great help to other Public Health
Engineers, students and teachers. The Manual on
Sewerage & Sewage Treatment has been updated
11. A list of schemes cleared by the Central Public and discussed with the Chief Engineers and Manag-
Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation ing Directors in the Technical Conference held at
(CPHEEO) in the Ministry from technical angle during Thiruvananthapuram. It has been further edited and
1993-94 is appended at Annexure II I. will be printed shortly.
Annexure I
29
discontinuing the system of getting technical clear- utilisation of training facilities provided by the iden-
ance for projects financed by the LIC. tified institutes.
(14) The State Government should explore the pos- (23) The Ministry of Urban Development may in
sibility of using the plan funds as an incentive for consultation with the State/ Local Government
better performance on the part of local bodies. develop appropriate training for the elected rep-
resentatives at various levels.
(15) While recognising that the chances of success
of privatisation are greater in O&M, privatisation (24) To ensure strong data base, all utilities should
could be introduced for new installations initially and furnish to Ministry of Urban Dev’elopment, Data on
extended gradually to the others. Management Information System as per format
already instituted. Release of Central grants will be
(16) There is a need for uniform policy and guideli-
subject to receipt of MIS. Wa recognise that prepa-
nes at the national level regarding Human Resource
ration and updating of this utility feature is essential.
Development for water supply and sanitation sector.
(25) Base maps for all urban sectors should be
(17) There is a need for developing a National Data
created through Aerial Mapping. Various agencies
Bank on Man power Requirement, availability and
should then mark the service lines and update it
training needs for water supply and sanitation sec-
periodically.
tor. A coordinated approach at the national level
amongst the concerned Ministries is necessary for (26) CPHEEO Manual will be treated as design
developing a suitable curriculum and training of guidelines. Individual projects would, however, be
faculty in the engineering colleges, polytechnics, designed with relevance to factors of source poten-
ITIs, etc. tial and affordability.
(18) The Ministry of Urban Development may iden- (27) Specifications of Bureau of Indian Standards
tify national / regional institutes with adequate back- will be treated as guidelines and project proposals
ground in water supply and sanitation sector needs could provide for improved specifications and testing
which would collaborate with regional Technical procedures to suit site requirements.
Teachers Training, Institute (TlTI) / community poly- (28) Utilities should furnish feed back on specifica-
technic network to undertake to develop a national tions for materials used in varidus systems based
network for trainers training at graduate, diploma on field experience. This will facilitate Bureau of
and certificate levels. Indian Stanaards to redefine the specifications.
(19) Each organisation at the State/ local body level (29) Standardisation of bidding documents by each
should be encouraged to have its own training plan State is desirable to simplify bidding procedures. All
and adequate infrastructural facilities commensurate contract documents should provide for settlement of
with the work plan. Special emphasis should be disputes/arbitration.
given to the need for skill upgradation for the
(30) Quality control of materials should be ensured
personnel responsible for O&M.
by inspection through third party by recognised
(20) The Human Resource Development prog- agencies apart from DGS & D, Quality Control of
ramme must endeavour to enhance user sensitivity construction is recommended by an independent
on the part of O&M staff and increase public aware- agency either in house or third party.
ness which will promote NGO & consumer participa-
(31) A centralised Project Management Cell should
tion with respect to protection of assets and improve
be instituted for all major projects.
service delivery.
(32) Internative technologies for low/medium instal-
(21) The HRD should not be treated in isoiation but lations like USAB, LEMNA, Wetlands and Karnal
should be integrated with personnel management, systems should be encouraged as they ensure less
performance review, career planning and manage- energy inputs. Conventional sewage treatment
ment succession. plants should have infrastructure additions for cost
(22) The issue of incentive structure to the trainees realisation through gas utilisation, pisciculture or
and staff needs to be examined to encourage effec- forestry.
tive participation and better utilisation of training (33) Regular unaccounted for water (UFW) prog-
facilities. State Governments should ensure the full
30
ramme is encouraged. However, programme for level and zonal level for monitoring the quality of
reduction in UFW should be a constituent for all new drinking water and its control.
proposals for augmentation. (44) Ganga Action Plan has yielded good results in
(34) New proposals for augmentation should also protecting the river Ganges from pollution. As such,
have detailed review and recommendations on prop- similar programmes may be taken up in a phased
osals for rehabilitation of existing systems. manner or cleaning other rivers in the country so as
to maintain them free from contamination.
(35) The system should be m intained on a continu-
ous basis. For this purpose, co mprehensive metering (45) City-level consumer formus and voluntary agen-
is recognised as a necessar y policy but, however, cies may be encouraged to keep a vigil on the water
the performance of meters is not satisfactory even sources to prevent possible contamination and rnake
though they bear the ISI mark. There IS an urgent periodical reporting to the concerned water supply
need for revision of specifications by Bureau of agency for appropriate action well in advance.
Indian Standards. (46) Low cost on-site sanitation should be encour-
(36) To reduce leakage, it is necessary for water aged in unsewered part of the cities, in small and
utilities to own and maintain the service connections medium towns and other areas where locations
at their cost. permit. Conventional sewerage treatment systems
(37) The National Water Policy accorded top priority may be unavoidable in bigger cities and congested
to drinking water supply in the allocation/apportion- localities. Policy selection should, therefore, be made
ing of available water sources for various beneficial judiciously.
uses, As such, the State Governments and UT (47) Re-use of sewage after the desired degree of
administrations may soon prepare long-term river treatment for horticulture, flushing of sewers and
basin Master Plans, following the guidelines issued toilets, airconditioning, cooling and several other
by the Ministry of Water Resources, Government of industrial uses must be introduced extensively to
India. At the same time, city level water management conserve fresh water and to reduce pollution load in
systems need to be prepared keeping in view the the receiving water body.
various developmental activities for the next 20 years
(48) As fresh water sources are fast depleting,
or so.
effective measures must be taken including rain
(38) In order to operationalise and implement the water harvesting to conserve water at different
National Water Policy in an effective manner at the stages such as at source, in treatment process,
State level, inter sectoral committees comprising of distribution and at consumers’ end by adopting well
members from various water using sectors may be established methods.
constituted to decide allocation of water for different
(49) Industries and commercial establishments must
purposes.
be persuaded to adopt re-use of treated sewage and
(39) To the extent possible, water sources which are recycle tbeir treated trade effluents to the maximum
available close to urban areas, may preferably be extent possible to cut down their fresh water de-
reserved/allocated for drinking/domestic use. mand.
(40) Over exploitation of ground water must be (50) Incentives in the form of rebate on water cess
avoided to control deterioration of its quality and and other taxes could be considered from the quan-
reduce cost of pumping. tum of fresh water conserved by adopting re-use and
(41) Proper legislation followed by effective recycling processes.
implementation is urgently needed to control and (51) Toxic, hazardous and recyclable waste collec-
regulate ground water extraction particularly in all tion and disposal system to be given emphasis for
such urban areas which are facing acute shortage of segregated treatment.
drinking water throughout the year.
(52) Realising the special problems being faced in
(42) Concerted effort should be made to enforce/ hilly and desert areas of the country with regard to
implement the Environmental Protection Act effec- provision of safe drinking water supply and sanitation
tively so as to protect the traditional sources from facilities, Group recommends that special attention
contamination.
must be paid to provide such facilities and preserve
(43) Adequate infrastructure may be created at city the environment.
Annexure II
SI. Name of Project cost Amount of assistance Date of Credit closing date Cumula- Cumula-
No. Project (Rs. in Crores) (US $ Million) com- tive Ex- tive dis-
mence- Original Revised penditure burse-
Original Revised Original Revised ment upto ment upto
31 .12.93 31 .12.93
(Rs. in (US $ Mil-
Crs.) lion)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Tamil 149.42 321.86 73.0 90.60 22.2.85 30.6.90 31 .12.94 273.52 67.123
Nadu
WS&S
2. Kerala 93.66 127.88 41 .o 30.11 9.12.85 31.3.91 31.3.94 96.94 24.314
MIS&S
3. III 396.0 800.00 185.0 - 12.5.87 30.6.94 - 474.02 67.460
Bombay
WS&S
4. Madras 150.803 205.00 69.0 - 1.4.86 31 .12.95 - 120.32 20.033
WS&S
5. Hyderabad 257.06 - 89.9 - 1.1090 31.3.98 - 104.62 32.293
WS&S