Information and Communication
0 or Dynamic Webpage
Technology
ICT deals with the use of different communication
technologies such as mobile phones, telephone,
Internet, etc. to locate, save, send, and edit information.
These are digital forms of communication including tools
available in the internet , such as blogging and e-mail,
as well as computer software, such as Microsoft
PowerPoint and Word
Take note: ICT focuses on communication
>UNESCO’s definition of ICT
The scientific, technological, and engineering disciplines
and the management techniques used to handle
transmit information with men and machines.
Internet
Connections with different networks: global system of
interconnected networks or devices.
Empowerment Technologies
To create foundation in understanding the world if ICT
(Information and Communication Technologies),
understand and demonstrate the proper etiquette in
using ICT and more. With the help of empowerment
technologies, students and other millennials will be able
to understand the real value of technology; that with it,
they can make their lives and future a better one.
WWW (World Wide Web)
Composed of many web pages that are accessible
anytime.
Website
Location where there are many web pages.
Web browser
Search engine: a tool for searching.
Web 1.0 or Static Webpage
 Static (also known as flat page or stationary
page) in the same that the page “as is” and
cannot be manipulated by the user. This
referred to as Web 1.0.
 It contains Web pages with fixed content. Each
page is coded in HTML and displays the same
information to every visitor. Static sites are the
most basic type of website and are the easiest
to create.
Web 2.
 Web 2.0 allows the user to interact with the
page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of
just reading a page, the user may be able to
comment or create a user account. Dynamic
page refers to the web pages that are
affected by user input or preference.
 It is a webpage that displays different
content each time it’s viewed. For example,
the page may change with the time of day.
The user that accesses the webpage, or the
type of user interaction.
>Key Features of Web 2.0
 Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and
classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging). Popular social
networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram,
Facebook, etc. use tags that start with a pound
sign (#) or hashtag. It is also known as social
tagging, collaborative tagging, social
classification and social bookmarking. It is the
process of using digital content tags for
categorization or annotation to classify websites,
pictures, documents and other forms of data so
that the content may be easily categorized and
located by users.
 Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and
is responsive to user’s input. An example would
be a website that shows local content. In the
case of social networking sites, when logged on,
your account is used to modify what you see in
their website.
 User Participation– the owner of website is
not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place content on their own by
means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
 Long Tail – services are offered on demand
rather than on a one-time purchase. This is
synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that
charges you for the amount of time you spent
on Internet or a data plan that charges you for
the amount of bandwidth you used.
 Software as a service
 Mass Participation- sharing through universal
web access.
Semantic Web
 It is a movement led by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C). The semantic web provides
a framework that allows data to be shared and
reuse to deliver web content specifically
targeting the user.
 >Factors for not fully recognizing semantic as web
3.0:
 Compatibility -HTML files and current web
browsers could not support Web 3.0.
 Security – The user’s security is also question
since the machine is saving his or her
preferences.
 Vastness-The World Wide Web already
contains billions of web pages.
 Vagueness – Certain words are imprecise. The
words “old” and “small” would depend to the
user.
 Logic- since machines use logic, there are
certain limitations for a computer to be able to
predict what the user is referring to at a given
time.
Trends in ICT
1. Convergence- It is the synergy of
technological advancements to work on a similar
goal or task. For example, besides using your
personal computer to create word documents,
you can now use your smart phone. It is a
platform that can create multiple tasks.
2. Social Media– is a website, application, or
online channel that enables web users to create,
co-create, discuss, modify, and exchange user
generated content.
>Six types of social media:
1. Social Networks – These are sites that
allow you to connect with other people
with the same interests or background.
Once the user creates his/her account,
he/she can set up a profile, add people,
share content, etc. Example : Facebook
and Google+
2. Bookmarking Sites– These are sites that
allow you to store and manage links to
various website and resources. Ex. :
StumbleUpon/Pinterest
3. Social News– These are sites that allow
users to post their own news items or
Status of ICT in the Philippines
links to other news sources. The users
can also comment on the post and
comments may also be rank. Example:
reddit and Digg
4. Media Sharing – These are sites that
allow you to upload and share media
content like images, music and video.
Example: Flickr, Youtube and
Instagram.
5. Microblogging– These are sites that
focus on short updates from the user.
Those that subscribed to the user will be
able to receive these updates. Example:
Twitter and Plurk
6. Blogs and Forums– These websites
allow user to post their content. Other
users are able to comment on the said
topic. Example: Blogger, WordPress and
Tumblr
3. Mobile Technologies – The popularities of
smart phones and tablets has taken a major rise
over the years. This is largely because of the
devices capability to do the tasks that were
originally found in PCs.
Several of these devices are capable of using high-
speed internet. Today the latest model devices use
4G Networking (LTE), which is currently the
fastest mobile network.
>Mobile OS
o iOS– use in apple devices such as iPhone and
iPad.
o Android – an open source OS developed by
Google. Being open source means mobile phone
companies use this OS for free.
o Blackberry OS– It is use in Blackberry devices.
o Windows Phone OS – a closed source and
proprietary operating system developed by
Microsoft.
o Symbian– the original smart phone OS; used by
Nokia devices.
o Web OS– originally used in smart phones; now
used in smart TVs.
o Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for
smart phones and pocket PCs.
4. Assistive Media – is a non- profit service
designed to help people who have visual and
reading impairments. A database of audio
recordings is used to read to the user.
 Philippines as the “ICT Hub of Asia”.
 Huge growth of ICT related jobs around the
country, one of which is call center or BPO
(Business Process Outsourcing) centers.
 According to 2013 edition of Measuring the
Information Society by the International
Telecommunication Union, there are 106.8
cellphones per 100 Filipinos in the year 2012.
 In a data gathered by the Annual Survey of
Philippines Business and Industries in 2010, the
 ICT industry shares 19.3% of the total
employment population.
 Time magazines declared Makati City,
Philippines-Rank 1 as the “Selfiest Cities around
the world and Rank 9 is Cebu City.
ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY AND
RULES OF NETIQUETTE
Internet Safety- it refers to the online security or
safety of people and their information when using
internet.
Netiquette- is network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of
online communication.
>Ten Rules of Netiquette
1. Rule No. 1: Remember the human
You need to remember that you are talking to a
real person when you are online.
The internet brings people together who would
otherwise never meet.
Remember this saying when sending an email:
Would I say this to the person’s face.
2. Rule No. 2: Adhere to the same standards
online that you follow in real life.
You need to behave the same way online that
you do in real life.
You need to remember that you can get caught
doing things you should not be doing online just
like you can in real life.
You are still talking to a real person with feelings
even though you can’t see them.
3. Rule no. 3: Know where you are in
cyberspace.
Always take a look around when you enter a
new domain when surfing the web.
Get a sense of what the discussion group is
about before you join it.
4. Rule no. 4: Respect other people’s time
and bandwidth.
Remember people have other things to do
besides read your email. You are not the center
of their world.
Keep your post and emails to minimum by
saying what you want to say.
Remember everyone won’t answer your
questions.
5. Rule no. 5: Make yourself look good
online.
Be polite and pleasant to everyone.
Always check your spelling and grammar before
posting.
a. Know what you are talking about and
make sense saying it.
6. Rule no. 6: Share expert knowledge
Ask questions online
Share what you know online.
Post the answers to your questions online
because someone may have the same question
you do.
7. Rule no. 7: Help keep flame wars under
control
Netiquette does not forgive flaming.
Netiquette does however forbid people who are
flaming to hurt discussion groups by putting the
group down.
8. Rule no. 8: Respect other people’s privacy.
Do not read other people’s mail without their
permission.
Going through other people’s things could cost
you, your job or you could even go to jail.
Not respecting other people’s privacy is a bad
netiquette.
9. Rule no. 9: Don’t abuse your power.
Do not take advantage of other people just
because you have more knowledge or power
than them.
Treat others as you would want them to treat
you if the roles were reversed.
10. Rule no. 10: Be forgiving of other people’s
mistake.
Do not point out mistakes to people online.
Remember that you were once the new kid on
the block.
You still need to have a good manners even
though you are online and cannot see the
person face to face.
Internet Security
Confidentiality
Data confidentiality
Privacy
Integrity
Data integerity
System integrity
Availability
 Threat Consequence
Unauthorized Disclosure
A circumstance or event
whereby an entity gains
access to data for which
the entity is not
authorized.
Disruption
A circumstances or even
that interrupts or prevents
the correct operation of
system services and
functions.
Deception
A circumstance or event
that may result in an
authorized entity receiving
false data and believing it
to be true.
Usurpation
A circumstances or event
that results in control of
system services or
functions by an
unauthorized entity.
Threat Action (Attack)
Exposure: Sensitive data
are directly released to an
unauthorized entity
Interception: An
unauthorized entity directly
accesses sensitive data
traveling between
authorized sources and
destination
Inference: A threat action
whereby an unauthorized
entity directly accesses
sensitive data by reasoning
from characteristics or by-
products of
communications
Intrusion: An unauthorized
entity gains access to
sensitive data by
circumventing a system’s
security protections
Incapacitation: Prevents or
interrupts systems
operation by disabling a
system component
Corruption: Undesirably
alters system operation by
adversely modifying
system functions or data
Obstruction: A threat
action that interrupts
delivery of system services
by hindering system
operation
Masquerade: An
unauthorized entity gains
access to a system or
performs a malicious act
by posing as an authorized
entity
Falsification: False data
deceive an authorized
entity
Repudiation: An entity
deceives another by falsely
denying responsibility for
an act.
Misappropriation: An entity
assumes unauthorized
logical or physical control
of a system resource
Misuse: Causes a system
component to perform a
function or service that is
detrimental to system
security.
Types of System Intruders
 Masquerader
 Hackers
 Clandestine User
Parts of Virus
 Infection mechanism
 Trigger
 Payload
Virus Stages
 Dormant Phase
-Virus is idle.
 Propagation Phase
-Virus places an identical copy of itself into other
programs or into certain system areas on the
disk.
 Triggering Phase
-Virus is activated to perform the function for
which it was intended. Caused by a variety of
system events.
 Execution Phase
-Function is performed.
==================================
Key Terms
Cyber crime- a crime committed or assisted through
the use of the Internet.
Privacy Policy/Terms of Services (ToS) - tells the
user how the website will handle its data.
Malware- stands for malicious software.
Virus- a malicious program designed to transfer from
one computer to another in any means possible.
Worms- a malicious program designed to replicate itself
and transfer from one file folder to another and also
transfer to other computers.
Trojan- a malicious program designed that is disguised
as a useful program but once downloaded or installed,
leaves your PC unprotected and allows hacker to get
your information.
Spyware- a program that runs in the background
without you knowing it. It has the ability to monitor
what you are currently doing and typing through key
logging.
Adware- a program designed to send you
advertisement, mostly pop-ups.
Spam- unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers.
Phishing- acquires sensitive personal information like
passwords and credits card details.
Pharming- a more complicated way of phishing where
it exploits the DNS system.
Copyright- a part of law, wherein you have the rights
to work, anyone who uses it w/o your consent is
punishable by law.
Fair Use- means that an intellectual property may be
used w/o consent as long as it is used in commentaries,
criticism, parodies, research and etc.
Keyloggers- used to record the keystrokes done by
user. This is done to steal passwords or any other
sensitive information.
Rogue security softwares- is a form of malicious
software and internet fraud that misleads users into
believing there is a virus on their computer, and
manipulates them into paying money for a fake malware
removal tool.
==================================
Four Search Strategies
Keyword Searching
o Enter terms to search
o Use quotation marks to search as a phrase and
keep the words linked together
o Common words are ignored (That, to, which, a,
the ...)
o + and – can be used to include or exclude a
word
Boolean
o AND - enter words connect with AND- it will
include sites where both words and found
Uses: joining different topics (i.e. global
warming AND California)
o OR - requires at least one of the terms is
found.
Uses: join similar or synonymous topics (i.e.
global warming OR greenhouse effect)
o NOT - searches for the first term and excludes
sites that have the second term.
(i.e. Washington NOT school)
Question
o a question may be entered in the search field of
search engine
Advanced
o Features are offered on many engines by going
to an "Advanced search" page and making
selections. Effective in narrowing search returns
to a specific topic or phrase.
Contextualized Online Search and
Research Skills
Online Search
Online search is the process of interactively searching for
and retrieving requested information via a computer
from databases that are online. Interactive searches
became possible in the 1980s with the advent of faster
databases and smart terminals.
>Advantages
o Ability to obtain a large sample, which increases
statistical power
o Data is automatically coded so no data entry
errors
o Reduced cost of conducting research
>Disadvantages
o Online is not totally secure and theft is one of
the numerous danger it poses, researchers
personal information is at risk of being access by
rogue persons.
o Some of the materials on the internet have not
been evaluated by experts or thoroughly
screened.
o Lack of accreditation and low quality
Research Skills
o “Research” sometimes just means finding out
information about a topic. You can certainly
develop advanced information retrieval skills in
Working with Sources. However, in specific
understandings of “research” carry a lot of
weight. The classic definition is that “research”
leads to an original contribution to knowledge in
a particular field of inquiry by defining an
important question or problem and then
answering or solving it in a systematic way.
o So you will need to read on to develop a
relevant understanding of what research means
in your subject.
>Examples of Research Skills
1. Report writing.
2. Analysing lots of information from
different sources.
3. Finding information off the internet.
4. Critical thinking.
 Important aspects of research
o Research design covers the key issues in
developing a successful research project.
o Research methods takes you to resources on
essential techniques for carrying out convincing
research.
o Working with data will provide resources on the
use of statistics and other numerical skills in
research.
Search Engines
A web search engine is a software system that is
designed to search for information on the World Wide
Web. The search results are generally presented in a line
of results often referred to as search engine results
pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of web
pages, images, and other types of files. Some search
engines also mine data available in databases or open
directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained
only by human editors, search engines also maintain
real-time information by running an algorithm on a web
crawler. Internet content that is not capable of being
searched by a web search engine is generally described
as the deep web.
>Tips in Using Search Engines
o Find the Hidden Calculator
If number crunching just isn't your thing
—and you need an answer fast—
Google's hidden calculator is a lifesaver.
Head straight to the search bar and type
in the problem or equation you're
looking to solve. You'll know you've
gotten to the right place when a gray,
calculator-like tool pops up as the
search result.
o Definitions and More
Browsing the Merriam-Webster
dictionary for hours might be a lost art,
but broadening kids' vocabulary doesn't
have to be. Simply add the word
"define" before a search term (for
example, “define onomatopoeia”) to
bring up the proper spelling, definition,
origin, and even fun tools like voice and
translation options.
o Age-Appropriate Results
Tools like Google SafeSearch and
YouTube's Safety Mode can help filter
out mature content that's beyond what
those below 18 are ready to see or read.
This can also be taken a step further
with search results filter by reading level
so you or your younger siblings or
friends feel comfortable with what's in
front of them. Let Google annotate the
results with reading levels labelled, or
choose to only show basic, intermediate,
or advanced level content.
If you are looking for credible
information—or your first taste of
scholarly research—you can check out
Google's academic offshoot, Google
Scholar.17 Bonus tip: Explore with
confidence by viewing content critically.
Just because you see it online doesn't
mean it's true.
o Time-Zone Challenged
If you have far-flung family and don’t
want to wake them up in the middle of
the night, you can find the local time
anywhere in the world by typing "time"
and a city's name into the search bar.
o The Perfect Search
Let’s say the homework assignment
requires you to use only one source of
information. Enter your query, followed
by the URL for the website (i.e.,
weaving site: ncca.gov.ph/) and hit
enter. You'll see only results from that
website.
Need help with weaving homework but
getting search results for weaving for
sale? Add a minus sign before "sale" to
eliminate sale-related results.
o Photo Magic
Learning how to attribute photos is a
critical research skill. With Google
Reverse Image Search, you can upload
any photo to Google Images and hit
"search" to find the name of it, and a
whole lot more.
Bonus tip: In Google's Chrome browser,
you can just right-click on any image
and select "search Google for this
image." There's a Firefox addon, too.
o Just for Fun
If all you really need is a little
distraction, go to Google and type in
"tilt," browse the Google Doodle
archives, or just tell Google to do a
barrel roll. You won't be disappointed.”
What Matters In A Query?
1. Every word matters.
2. Order matters.
3. Capitalization does not matter.
4. Punctuation does not matter.