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Ejercicios
1. Resolver la ecuación diferencial
Solución
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= 𝑀𝑦 = 2𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦 = 𝑁𝑥 = −𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝑁𝑥 −𝑀𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑦 −3 ∫ −3
𝑢 (𝑦 ) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑀 =𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 −3𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑦 = 𝑦 −3 =
𝑦3
1 2 1
3
(𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑥 + 3 (5𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦
1 5 𝑥
( + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ( − 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
1 5 𝑥
𝑀 (𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑥, 𝑁 (𝑥, 𝑦) = − + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2
Entonces
𝜕𝑀 1 𝜕𝑁 1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
= − 2, =− 2⇒ =
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑓 1 𝜕𝑓 5 𝑥
𝑎) = 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = + 𝑥, 𝑏) = 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) = − 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
1 𝑥 1
𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ ( + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑥 2 + 𝑔(𝑦)
𝑦 𝑦 2
𝜕𝑓 𝑥 5 𝑥 5
= − 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦) = − 2 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦 ⇒ 𝑔′(𝑦) = + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
5
𝑔(𝑦) = ∫ ( + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 5𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝑦
𝑥 1 2
+ 𝑥 + 5𝑙𝑛𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑦 2
Solución
Separando variables:
𝑥−1 𝑦+1
𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 𝑦2 + 1
Integrando
𝑥−1 𝑦+1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 − 2𝑥 + 2 𝑦 +1
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∫ = −(∫ 2 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 2 )
2 𝑢 𝑦 +1 𝑦 +1
1 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2| = − ln(𝑦 2 + 1) − 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 + 𝑐1
2 2
2𝑥 3 𝑦 ′ = 𝑦(𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 )
Solución
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 3 = 𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 ⇔ 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3 1
− 𝑦 = 3 𝑦3
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
Entonces 𝑢 = 𝑦 −2 ⇒ = −2𝑦 −3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 3 −2 1
−2𝑦 −3 + 𝑦 =− 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 3 1
+ 𝑥 𝑢 = − 𝑥3 Ecuación diferencial lineal en u
𝑑𝑥
Factor integrante
3
𝑧 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥 3
𝑑 3
(𝑥 𝑢) = −1 ⇒ 𝑥 3 𝑢 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 −2 = −𝑥 −2 + 𝑐𝑥 −3