UMTS RRM & RNP: Contents

• Code Planning & Allocation CPA

• Power Control PC
• Rake Receiver &
Handover Control HC

© TECHCOM Consulting 
• Load Control LC
• Admission Control AC
• Packet Scheduling PS
(Radio Bearer RB Control)

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 1
 RRM Overview
RRM:
RRM:
••for
forefficient
efficientutilization
utilizationofofUu
Uuresources
resources
PC & ••for
for optimization of radio performance,e.g.
optimization of radio performance, e.g.
LC ••high
highQoS
QoS(BLER,
(BLER,BER,
BER,delay)
delay)
••low
lowblocking
blockingrate
rate
AC & ••prevent
D-RNC
LC prevent holesinincoverage
holes coveragearea
area
••optimize use of capacity
optimize use of capacity

© TECHCOM Consulting 
PC
Iub

Node B
Iur AC, PS,
LC, HC,
PC, CPA

UE
Iu Iub

Node B CPA: Code Planning & Allocation

2

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 2
 Code Planning & Allocation CPA

Spreading Code =
Channelization Code
x Scrambling Code

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Channelization Code:
separates channels of the same source
• DL: of the same cell
• UL: of the same UE BTS

Scrambling Code:
separates different sources
• DL: different cells
• UL: different UE in 1 cell

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 3
 DL Code Planning: Common/Dedicated Channels

DL SC-Planning
SC-Planning
instead
insteadofof
Frequency
FrequencyPlanning
Planning
(GSM)
(GSM)
Channelization Codes
Scrambling
Scrambling Codes:
Codes:

© TECHCOM Consulting 
512
512DL
DLScrambling
ScramblingCodes
CodesSC
SC
subdivided
subdividedinto
into
Common channels: 64
64SC-groups
SC-groupsofof88SC’s
SC’s
•Primary CPICH = fixed CC256,0
• Primary CCPCH = fixed CC256,1 Dedicated channels:
• the CCs for all other physical channels The remaining CCs are available for
(e.g. S-CCPCH, DSCH, AICH, PICH,...) Dedicated Physical Channels (DPCH)
are planned individually per cell,
regarding e.g. the amount of NRT data
transmission

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 4
 DL Code Planning: Common/Dedicated Channels

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 256
CC256,0 fixed
CPICH
CC4,0 = (1,1,1,1) CC256,1
P-CCPCH
CC256,2
CC2,0 = (1,1)

© TECHCOM Consulting 
AICH
PICH

CC1,0 = (1)
CC4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1) •
•
••• • •••
CC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

CC2,1 = (1,-1)

CC256,254
CC4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
CC256,255
5

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 5
 UL Code Planning: Common/Dedicated Channels

UL
Scrambling Codes
Channelization Codes
Dedicated channels:
• DPCCH is spread to the chip • 16.7 million UL SC’s

© TECHCOM Consulting 
rate by CC256,0 • every RNC with an UL
• DPDCHn by the CCd,n SC’s pool RNC

Common channels:
• PRACH: 8192 UL SC’s are reserved for PRACH
(max. 16/cell)
• PCPCH: 32768 UL SC’s are reserved for PCPCH
(max. 64 SC per cell)
• P-CCPCH informs which may be used

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 6
 Code Allocation

Channelisation Code (CC‘s) Allocation

Strategies for FDD mode
How to allocate • a proper code allocation algorithm needed in RNC
different codes to find the „closely related code“, preventing
to different connections blocking of large parts of the Channelisation Code Tree
(UL SC‘s & DL CC‘s) (lack of CC’s)

© TECHCOM Consulting 
??? • the code Tree will be fragmented quickly if not
rearranged
• Code Tree rearrangement may be possible
periodically or after a certain number of codes has been
allocated respectively released

RNC

Iub

Code Tree Rearrangement

7

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 7
 Power Control PC

DL Common Control channels: • must be heard over the whole cell

⇒ power setting for “cell edge“
P-SCH
⇒ constant output power*
S-SCH • power set relative to the CPICH

CPICH CPICH power has to be optimised:

• Decrease of CPICH power:

© TECHCOM Consulting 
P-CCPCH ⇒ Decrease of coverage area
⇒ Less reliable handovers
S-CCPCH • Increase of CPICH power:
AICH ⇒ increase DL interference
⇒ Increase of SHO
PICH ⇒ less power for DL DPCHs
⇒ & decrease of DL capacity

DPCH
(DPDCH & DPCCH) Power
Power
Control
Control
PRACH

* exept S-CCPCH, when carrying only FACH

8

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 8
 Power Control

• WCDMA UE & RAN

transmit in same time
& frequency (Re-Use = 1) ⇒
every UE / BTS is a jamming source
Node B • Inaccuracy in Power Control
increases interference level
P(UE2)

© TECHCOM Consulting 
⇒ decreasing network capacity
P(UE1)

UE2 UE1

Node B
„near-far problem”:
P(UE1) ≈ P(UE2)*
at Node B-Receiver

*valid only for same data rate

9

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 9
 Power Control & Interference

Interference from other users in same cell: Interference from other users in neighbor cell:
Can be very high especially in Uplink Due to frequency re-use 1

Wanted Wanted
Signal UE1
Signal
UE1

© TECHCOM Consulting 
UE3 UE2
UE3 and UE2 Interferers for UE 1
UE4
UE4 Interferer for UE 1

Moreusers,
More users,i.e.
i.e.the
themore
moreload
loadin
inthe
thecells
cellscause
causemore
moreinterference
interference

→ „i“, α
10

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 10
 Power Control & Interference

Blockingoccurs
Blocking occursdue
duetotointerference
interferencerise
rise

⇒ Reductionof
⇒Reduction ofcell
cellrange
range

© TECHCOM Consulting 
UE1

Decrease of
Mobile MS3 cell range
cannot be served UE3 UE2
any more

‘Breathing Cells‘
Coverage has to be planned together with capacity !

11

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 11
 Power Control Types
Inner
Loop
PC Open
OpenLoop
LoopPC:
PC:
Outer
Loop for
forInitial
InitialAccess
Access
Open based
basedon
onDLDLPathloss
Pathloss
Loop PC SIR > (SIR)def Estimation
Estimation
PC ⇒ TPC = Down (CPICH
(CPICHTxTxPower
Power&&RSCP)
RSCP)
else TPC = Up

© TECHCOM Consulting 
UE

Node B
Inner
InnerLoop
LoopPC:
PC:
UL
UL&&DL:
DL:TPC
TPCcommands
commands
based
basedon
onSIR
SIRmeasurements
measurements
Iub

R
Outer
OuterLoop
LoopPC:
PC:
N
SIR: Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR)
(SIR)def adjustment by RNC
BCH: Broadcast Channel C def adjustment by RNC
BER: Bit Error Rate to
toGuarantee
GuaranteeQoS QoS
BLER: Block Error Rate based
RSCP: Received Signal Code Power basedon
onBER
BER/ /BLER
BLERobservation
observation
TPC: Transmit Power Control
12

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 12
 PC UTRAN Parameters

UE: TS 25.101/102 (FDD/TDD)

Inner Loop Power Control
BTS: TS 25.104/105 (FDD/TDD)
FDD: 1500 cycle/s (1 TPC/Slot)
PC Overview: TS 25.401
Outer Loop Power Control:
1 – 100 cycles/s

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Node B
UE
maximum Maximum
Maximumpower:
maximumpower:
power: power:
manufacturer
manufacturerdependent
dependent ••FDD:
FDD:2000
2000/ /500
500/ /250
250/ /125
125mW
mW
PC steps: ••TDD:
TDD: 1000 / 250 / 125 / 10*mW
1000 / 250 / 125 / 10* mW
PC steps: 1, 2,33dB
1, 2, dB(TDD)
(TDD)
11(0.5)
(0.5) dB(FDD)
dB (FDD) PC
PCsteps:
steps:1,1,2,2,33dB
dB
dynamic
dynamicrange:
range:30 30dB
dB(TDD)
(TDD) minimum power:
minimum power: 10nW 10 nW(-50(-50dBm)
dBm)
TPC: Transmit >>25
25dBdB(FDD)
(FDD)
Power Control
* for unlicensed operation TS25.201; 6.4.4
13

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 13
 UE Power Classes

FDD

Power Class Maximum Tolerance

UE Power Classes output power
1 +33 dBm +1/-3 dB
2 +27 dBm +1/-3 dB

© TECHCOM Consulting 
3 +24 dBm +1/-3 dB
4 +21 dBm ± 2 dB

TDD

Power Class Maximum Tolerance

output power
1 +30 dBm +1/-3 dB
2 +24 dBm +1/-3 dB
3 +21 dBm +2/-2 dB
4 +10 dBm +4/-4 dB
TS25.201; 6.2.1
14

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 14
 RAKE Receiver / Multipath Advantage

Path 3

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Path 1

Path 2 RAKE Receiver ⇒

WCDMA Multipath
Advantage

15

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 15
 RAKE Receiver

I
Correlator Q Phase Delay ΣI
rotator equalizer
ΣQ
Code Channel
3

© TECHCOM Consulting 
generator estimator Combiner
2
Finger
1
1 RAKE finger for every
multipath component &
Matched 1 RAKE finger
filter for CPICH measurements

RAKE finger:
• De-Spreading
• Phase correction
• „Delay“ correction

16

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 16
 … and Matched Filter

Matched Filter MF:

measures Pilot
⇒ estimates „Delay“ d
& Amplitude (for MRC)

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Predefined parallel data

127 126 ... 0

...
Σ

Incoming
serial data
Sample 127 Sample 126 ... Sample 0 Register

17

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 17
 Handover Control: Soft / Hard Handover

Hard
Hard
Handover
Handover • GSM
• UTRA TDD
• Interfrequency HoV
• Inter-System HoV

© TECHCOM Consulting 
BTS

Soft
Soft
Handover
Handover
• IS-95
• MC-CDMA
• UTRA FDD
BTS

18

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 18
 Soft Handover

Single Code

© TECHCOM Consulting 
BTS

Two Codes

BTS

19

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 19
 Soft & Softer Handover

Node B • between cells of same Node B

• combining Node B internal
• no extra Iub capacity needed

© TECHCOM Consulting 
UE
Node B Iub Sector
cells

Node B
Iub Node B
R
N Iub
C Active Iub
Combining / Set
Splitting Soft HoV R
Iu
(Active Set):
N
max. 3 cells
CN C
20

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 20
 Inter RNC Soft Handover

S-RNC: Serving RNC

D-RNC: Drift RNC
RR: Radio Resource

Node B
Iub

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Node B
D-RNC
•only RR R
S-RNC
Allocation N
Iub Node B
• SHO Decision Iub C
• Combining /
Splitting
• Active Set R Iur
• RR Allocation N
• Integrity Check C
•Ciphering
• BEC S-RNC no anchor function →
Iu S-RNC Re-location Procedure

CN
21

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 21
 Soft Handover SHO: Decision Process

Measurements by
Measurements UE & Node B
Filtering
Filtering
No
Reporting
Reporting(UE:
(UE:Event
Eventbased)
based)

transmitted
transmitted

© TECHCOM Consulting 
totoRNC
RNC

by
Handover
HandoverDecision:
Decision: RNC
SHO possible?
SHO possible?
(capacity
(capacityinintarget
targetcell,
cell,Iub/Iur
Iub/Iurresources,...)
resources,...)
Commanded by
YES RNC
YES

Handover
HandoverExecution
Execution
••Activate
Activatenew
newNode
NodeBB/ /Cell
Cell performed by
(via
(viaIub,
Iub,Iur)
Iur) UE
••RRC:
RRC:Update
UpdateActive
ActiveSet
Set
22

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 22
 SHO: Mobile Evaluated Handover MEHO

Addition Replace Drop

PRx Time Time Time TS
∆T 25.331
∆T ∆T

CPICH 1
Replacement
CPICH 2
Window
Addition CPICH 3

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Window Drop
Window

time
Connected to: Cell 1 Cell 1 & 2 Cell 2 & 3 Cell 2

Add Cell 2
Replace Cell 1
with Cell 3 Remove Cell 3

Event
Eventbased
basedMeasurement
MeasurementReports,
Reports,e.g.:
e.g.:
Event
Event1A:
1A:M_new
M_new>>WW* *M_sum
M_sum++( (11- -W
W)*)*M_best
M_best––AdditionWindow
AdditionWindow AS: Active Set
M: Measurement
Event
Event 1B: M_old < W * M_sum + ( 1 - W )* M_best––DropWindow
1B: M_old < W * M_sum + ( 1 - W )* M_best DropWindow MlwAS: Cell with lowest measured value of the AS
Event
Event1C:
1C:M_new
M_new>> MlwAS
MlwAS++ReplacementWindow/2
ReplacementWindow/2
W: Weighting Koefficient
23

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 23
 Advantages of Soft Handover

S-RNC Macro Diversity Point

Active cell set

© TECHCOM Consulting 
D-RNC

••Less
Lessoutput
outputpower
powerofofUE
UEatatcell
celledge
edge
Micro Diversity Point ⇒⇒ less interference ⇒ moreUL
less interference ⇒ more ULcapacity
capacity
••Stable connection at cell edge
Stable connection at cell edge
UE Node B ••Gain
Gainagainst
againstSlow
SlowFading
Fading
RAKE ••Advantage
AdvantageofofRAKE
RAKEReceiver
Receiver/ /Combining
Combining
receiver (Maximum Ratio Combining MRC):
RAKE (Maximum Ratio Combining MRC):
receiver Uplink
Macro
MacroDiversity CombiningMDC
DiversityCombining MDCGain Gain
direction
24

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 24
 Congestion Control

Packet Scheduling:
Congestion
Congestion Control
Control ==
handling of packet data users AC
AC && PS
PS && LC
LC
(e.g. non-real time traffic),
i.e. deciding when a packet is transmitted
and which bit rate is used.

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Admission Control:
handling of all new incoming traffic,
i.e.checking if new packet or circuit switched
Power Unstabile
range Radio Access Bearer can be admitted
to the system

flexible
range

safe Load Control:

range
handling in overload situations
(system load exceed thresholds),
i.e. taking countermeasures to get the
system back to to feasible load
0 10 30 50 70 90
TRX-Load (%)
25

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 25
 Load Control
••manages
managesUu Uuresources,
resources,combating
combatingoverload
overload
••receives
receivescyclically
cyclicallyLoad
LoadMeasurements
Measurementsfrom fromNode
NodeBs
Bs
••delivers load information to AC &
delivers load information to AC & PS PS
••receives
receivesload
loadchange
changeestimates
estimatesfrom
fromAC
AC&&PS PS
••isisaacontinuous procedure
continuous procedure
••controls
controls&&manages
managesthe theexisting
existingconnections
connections
••compensate
compensate possible overloadsituation
possible overload situation

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Load Change
Info
AC Uu
Load* Status Node B
LC
PS
NRT Load Load* Iub
Measurements

RNC

Iub Node B
Load*
Measurements * PRX, PTX
26

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 26
 Load Control
••Load
LoadTarget:
Target:optimum
optimumthroughput
throughputofofthe
thecell
cell
••Flexible Area: here Preventive Load Control
Flexible Area: here Preventive Load Control
takes
takesplace;
place;short-term
short-termthe
theLoad
LoadTarget
Targetcan
can
be Overload
be exceeded without any coverageproblems
exceeded without any coverage problems
••Overload
OverloadThreshold:
Threshold:threshold
thresholdtoto“instable
“instablearea”;
area”;
Threshold
cell starts shrinking in an uncontrollable way
cell starts shrinking in an uncontrollable way Load
⇒⇒coverage
coverageholes
holes Target
⇒⇒Call
Calldrops
dropsare
arepossible

© TECHCOM Consulting 
possible
Prx / Ptx “Instable
Area”
Power / “Flexible
Interference Ithreshold Area”

“Safe
Area”

0 10 30 50 70 90
Load η
27

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 27
 Load Control
••Load
LoadTarget:
Target:optimum
optimumthroughput
throughputofofthe
thecell
cell
••Flexible Area: here Preventive Load Control
Flexible Area: here Preventive Load Control
takes
takesplace;
place;short-term
short-termthe
theLoad
LoadTarget
Targetcan
can
be Overload
be exceeded without any coverageproblems
exceeded without any coverage problems
••Overload
OverloadThreshold:
Threshold:threshold
thresholdtoto“instable
“instablearea”;
area”;
Threshold
cell starts shrinking in an uncontrollable way
cell starts shrinking in an uncontrollable way Load
⇒⇒coverage
coverageholes
holes Target
⇒⇒Call
Calldrops
dropsare
arepossible

© TECHCOM Consulting 
possible
Prx / Ptx “Instable
Area”
Power / “Flexible
Interference Ithreshold Area”

“Safe
Area”

0 10 30 50 70 90
Load η
28

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 28
 Load Control

AC: PC:
• Reject RAB requests • Ignore DL power-up
Commands from UE
• Reduce UL Eb/N0 target
used in UL fast-PC

© TECHCOM Consulting 
LC
Overload procedures:
Drop calls compensate overload
in a controlled way (return to Load Target)

Reduction of throughput/bit rates

HOC: • PS: Reduce throughput of packet data traffic
• HOV to other • Reduce bit rates of services that have
WCDMA carrier adjustable bit rates (e.g. AMR)
• HOV to GSM

29

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 29
 Admission Control

executedatatCS
••executed CS&&PSPSRAB
RABset-up
set-up/ /modification
modification
••for: MO & MT requests & Handover
for: MO & MT requests & Handover
••accepts
accepts/ /rejects
rejectsRAB
RABestablishment
establishmentrequest
request
••prevents Uu Overload:
prevents Uu Overload:
• •sacrification Resource
sacrificationofofcoverage
coveragearea
area Request (MO)
• •sacrification
sacrificationofofexisting
existingconnections
connections
• •sacrification
sacrificationofofQoS
QoSofofexisting
existingconnections
connections

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Breathing Cells
→ Coverage Holes

Node B
Resources needed
due to HO

Iub ••uses
Resource usesload
loadinformation
informationfrom
from
Request (MT) LC & PS functionality
LC & PS functionality
performs AC
Iu
RNC
30

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 30
 Admission Control

Load/Traffic
= „Non-Controllable
Traffic NCT“
„Controllable
„Controllable
Traffic
TrafficCT“
CT“
+ RT users

© TECHCOM Consulting 
NRT users Background
operating at
Noise
minimum data rate
(thermal, artificial)

NRT users
(data rate can
be varied/lowered)

users of
neighboring
cells

31

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 31
 Admission Control

••AC algorithmestimate
ACalgorithm estimateUu
Uuload
loadincrease
increase/ /∆∆PP
for Non-Controllable Traffic
for Non-Controllable Traffic
caused
causedbybyRAB
RABestablishment/modification
establishment/modification Load Target
••separate
separate UL&&DL
UL DLestimations
estimations

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Prx / Ptx
Power /
Interference Pthreshold

∆P2
Pold(2)

∆η1
Pold(1)
∆P1
∆η1
Load η
32

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 32
 Admission Control AC: Decision
RT/NCT
RT/NCTRAB
RABRequest
Requestaccepted
acceptedififUL
UL&&DL:
DL:
estimatedNCT
••estimated NCT<<PPLTLT
••current
currenttotal load(NCT
totalload (NCT++CT)
CT)<<PPthres
thres
CT/NRT
CT/NRT(best
(besteffort)
effort)RAB
RABRequest
Requestaccepted
acceptedififUL
UL&&DL:
DL:
••current total load < P
current total load < PThres
Overload Thres

PThres

© TECHCOM Consulting 
Power

Rx
Margin &
PLT Tx

Time
Thres: Threshold
(N)CT: (Non-) Controllable Traffic LT: Load Target
33

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 33
 Packet Scheduling PS (RB control)
••Packet
PacketScheduler:
Scheduler:RNC RNCfunction
function
distribute remainingUu
••distribute remaining Uucapacity
capacitytotoNRT
NRTRB’sRB’s
••estimates load increase
estimates load increase caused by bit rateallocation
caused by bit rate allocation
••delivers
deliversload
loadincrease
increaseestimate
estimatevia
viaLC
LCtotoAC
AC
••switches betweenCommon
switchesbetween Common&&Dedicated
DedicatedChannels
Channels
•Transitions
•Transitions→ →RRC
RRCModes
Modes
• •increases
increases / lowersbit
/ lowers bitrates
rates
• •decisions
decisionsbased
basedon onCR
CR(UL(UL&&DL)

© TECHCOM Consulting 
DL)
• •decide
decidethe
thetransport
transportchannel
channeltotobe
beused
used
for
for each RB, e.g.: FACH/RACH,DCH,
each RB, e.g.: FACH/RACH, DCH,DSCH,..
DSCH,..
Node B
Pa

Uu
ck

Packet
Allocation
et

Load Measurements
Sc
he
du
ler

Iub Node
UE
PS Packet
Allocation B
LC
RACH: Random Access Channel
Iu AC Iub RB: Radio Bearer DCH: Dedicated Channel
SHO: Soft Handover DSCH: DL Shared Channel
Load Measurements FACH: Forward Access Channel CR: Capacity Request
34 RNC

Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 34
 PS: RRC Modes

RRC Idle Cell_PCH

Cell_DCH • UE’s cell known
• DCH allocated • UE to be paged
• no UE Location • UE’s cell known (DRX functionality
Information → PICH)
in UTRAN Establish
/ Release

© TECHCOM Consulting 
• only LAI / RAI
RRC
in CN Connection
• no data transfer Cell_FACH URA_PCH
possible • similar to Cell_PCH
• common channel
• RRC Connection allocated (FACH, • no Cell Update,
establishment via RACH, CPCH, DSCH) but URA Update
RACH/FACH • UE’s cell known
signaling
RRC Connected
• UE location known in UTRAN
DCH Dedicated Channel • signaling link exists
DSCH DL Shared Channel • only 0 or 1 RRC connection
FACH Forward Access Channel
PCH Paging Channel between 1 UE & UTRAN
PICH Page Indication Channel
RRC Radio Resource Control
URA UTRAN Registration Area
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MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 35
 PS: Bit Rate Adaptation
Cell_FACH →Cell_DCH
Cell_FACH→ Cell_DCHon
onCR
CR ••PP<<PPLT ⇒ Bit Rate increase
Bit
BitRate
Rateadaptation
adaptationaccording
accordingto:
to: LT ⇒ Bit Rate increase
• •Traffic
TrafficClasses
Classes ••PPLT <<PP<<PPThres ⇒
⇒Bit
BitRate
Rateunchanged
unchanged
LT Thres
• •Load
LoadStatus
Status ••>>PPLT ⇒ Bit Rate decrease (until P < PLT)
Cell_DCH LT ⇒ Bit Rate decrease (until P < PLT)
→Cell_FACH:
Cell_DCH→ Cell_FACH:
• •ififInactivity
Inactivitydetected
detected
Overload
PThres

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Power

Rx
Margin &
Tx
PLT

Trafficclasses
Traffic classes
(depending on delay sensitivity):
(depending on delay sensitivity):
• Conversational Class
• Conversational Class
• •Streaming
StreamingClass
Class
• Interactive Class
• Interactive Class
• Background Class
• Background Class

Time
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Chap. 03: RRM & RNP

MN3560: UMTS Radio Network Planning; Version E003 03 - 36