Ecologic Model

A. Hypothesis
Acute upper respiratory tract infection is relatively minor and their effects are limited to mild and temporarily discomfort and inconvenience for
patient. However, other upper respiratory tract disorders are acute, severe, and life threatening and may require permanent alteration in breathing
and speaking. It includes rhinitis, pharyngitis/tonsillitis and laryngitis often broadly refers to as the acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Symptoms of URI's commonly include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low grade fever, facial pressure and sneezing.
Onset of the symptoms usually begins 1–3 days after the exposure to a microbial pathogen. The illness usually lasts 7–10 days. Thus, the nurse
must have good assessment skills, and understand the wide variety of disorders that may affect the upper respiratory tract.

The fact that there are certain factors present in the client physically and in her environment, this could have predisposed her to acquire acute
upper respiratory tract infection. The client’s condition could be due to these factors such as weak immune system, young age, presence and
transfer of microorganism in her environment. However, familial history could not be attributed as a factor since they were not related.

B. Predisposing factors

Host
• Age: 7y/o
• Weak immune system

Agent
• virus

Environment
• Poor physical environment
• Climate
C. Ecologic model

D. Analysis
The Ecologic model is used primarily in predicting illness rather than in promoting wellness, although identification of risk factors that
result from the interactions of agent, host and environment are helpful in promoting and maintaining health. Because each of the agent-
host-environment factors constantly interacts with the other, health is an ever-changing state. When the variables are in balance, health is
maintained when variables age not in balance, disease occurs. (Kozier 2008)

The figure shows that there is a imbalance between the variables/ With the greater risk of the host to the agent plus the environmental
factors, the ecologic model variables losses it’s balance thus, disease occurs which is acute upper respiratory tract infection. It is an
acute infection which involves the upper respiratory tract: nose, sinuses, pharynx or larynx. Symptoms include sneezing, coughing, and
runny nose, to congestion, headache, and sore throat in which some are present to the client. The development of the disease appears to be
due to environmental causes and having a weak immune system of the client.
E. Conclusion
With the assessment and study done to the client we therefore conclude that client is suffering from acute respiratory tract infection.
Probably because of the environment condition she is exposed to. Other risk factors are also involved like her age because very young
children, whose immune systems are weak, are at increased risk of acute respiratory tract infection. The change in climate also takes part,
from a cold temperature then to a hot temperature where in multiplication of viruses begin.

F. Management
Medical management
• Ambroxol pediatric liquid 2.5 ml q8
• Paracetamol 250 mg/5ml, 4mlq4 with t: ≥37.8

Nursing management
• Rest and increase oral fluid intake
• Gargling with salt water may relieve sore throat symptoms.
• Frequently recommend thorough and regular washing of the hands, as this reduces the likelihood of transmission