SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN MADAI, KUNAK

SCHEME OF WORK SCIENCE ( FORM 4 ) 2011

THEME : INTRODUCING SCIENCE

LEARNING AREA : 1. SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
1
Orientation Form 4

2 1.1 A student is able to: Carry out a scientific investigation, e.g. analyse – menganalisis
Analyzing investigate how surface area affects the rate apparatus – radas
method of  explain the steps in of cooling. conduct – jalankan
scientific scientific investigation, Students will: conclusion – kesimpulan
investigation  carry out a scientific a) identify the problem, determine – tentukan
investigation, b) identify the variables, hypothesis – hipotesis
 write a report on a scientific c) make a hypothesis, identify – kenal pasti
investigation, d) plan the investigation to: interpret – tafsirkan
 explain the importance of i. determine the apparatus and materials investigate – siasat
scientific investigation. needed, material – bahan
ii.determine the procedure of the observe – memerhati
investigation, the method of data planning – merancang
collection and data analysis. Procedure –
e) carry out the investigation, prosedur,tatacara
f) collect data, steps – langkah-langkah
g) analyse and interpret data, variables – pemboleh ubah
h) make conclusions,
i) write a report.

Discuss the importance of scientific

investigation method in acquiring scientific
knowledge.

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Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives

2 1.2 A student is able to: View a video or a computer simulation then noble values – nilai murni
Realizing the gather and interpret data on the scientific
need to  identify scientific attitudes and attitudes and noble values practiced by practice – mengamalkan
practice noble values practiced by scientists.
scientific scientists, scientific attitudes – sikap
attitudes and  explain the need to practice Discuss the need to practice scientific saintifik
noble values scientific attitudes and noble attitudes and noble values when carrying
when carrying values when carrying out a out scientific investigations.
out scientific scientific investigation,
investigations  practice scientific attitudes and
noble values when carrying
out a scientific investigation

THEME: MAINTENANCE AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE

LEARNING AREA: 1. BODY COORDINATION

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

3 2.1 A student is able to: Carry out activities to observe and discuss body coordination –
(18.1.10- Understanding  describe what body body coordination. koordinasi badan
22.1.10) body coordination is,
coordination  identify the body systems that Examine models, view charts or videos to endocrine system – sistem
control and regulate identify the body systems which control endokrin
coordination, coordination,i.e. the nervous system and the
 state the importance of body endocrine system. nervous system – sistem
coordination. saraf
Discuss the importance of body
coordination in daily activities.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

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 Objectives
A student is able to:
3 2.2  identify the component parts
(18.1.10- Understanding of the human nervous system.
22.1.10) the human  state the function of each
nervous component part of the
system nervous system,
 state what a neuron is,
 identify the parts of the
neuron,
 state the function of
each parts of the neuron.
 identify the different types of
neuron
 state the function of each type
of neuron,
 compare and contrast the
different types of neuron
Observe models, view charts or videos and axon – akson
identify the human nervous system which
consist of: cell body – badan sel
a) central nervous system :
brain and spinal cord, central nervous system –
b) peripheral nervous system: sistem saraf pusat
cranial and spinal nerves and their
branches which link the receptors and motor neuron – neuron
effectors with the central nervous system motor
Discuss the function of each myelin seath – salut mielin
component part of the nervous system
peripheral nervous system –
View videos, charts or examine models and sistem saraf perifri
discuss the following:
a) neuron as the basic unit of the nervous relay neuron – neuron
system, perantaraan
b) parts of neuron namely cell body, axon,
dendron and myelin sheath sensory neuron – neuron
c) function of various parts of a neuron, deria
d) types of neuron namely the sensory
neuron, motor neuron, and the relay
neuron,
e) functions of various types of neurons,
Draw a labeled diagram of the sensory
neuron, the motor neuron, and the relay
neuron.
Carry out the activity to compare and
contrast the different types of neurons and
present the similarities and differences in a
graphic organizer.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

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 Objectives

2.3 A student is able to: Discuss the following: reflex action- tindakan
Analyzing  state what receptors and a) meaning of receptors and effectors, refleks
nervous effectors are, b) functions of receptors and effectors.
coordination  state the functions of reflex arc – arka refleks
receptors and effectors, Carry out activities to demonstrate the
 explain with examples what a reactions of sensory organs to various
reflex action is, stimuli.
 describe a reflex arc,
 illustrate the path taken by an Carry out activities and discuss reflex
impulse in the reflex arc. actions such as knee-jerk and reaction to
touching a sharp or hot object.
4
(25.1.10- View computer stimulations or charts
29.1.10) showing the path taken by an impulse in a
reflex arc.

Draw a diagram to show the path taken by

an impulse in a reflex arc

2.4 A student is able to: Carry out the following activities to show porprioceptors – reseptor
Understanding the importance of proprioceptors: regang
the role of  explain what proprioceptors a) stacking objects with both eyes
proprioceptors are, closed,
in maintaining  explain the importance of b) maintaining balance of the body.
balance and proprioceptors
coordination View charts, videos or computer
stimulations and discuss the following:
a) proprioceptors and their functions,
b) the importance of proprioceptors in
maintaining balance and
coordination.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

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 Objectives
A student is able to: Examine models, view videos or computer construction – penguncupan
5 2.5  identify the main parts of the simulations to identify the structure of the
(1.2.10- Understanding human brain, human brain, i.e. the cerebrum, cerebellum dilation – pembesaran
5.2.10) the human  state the functions of each and medulla oblongata. Discuss the
brain and its main part of the human brain, functions of the various parts of the brain. heart beat – degupan
complexity  explain what voluntary action Draw and label the main parts of the human jantung
is, brain.
 give examples of voluntary Carry out activities and discuss the involuntary actions –
action, following: tindakan luar kawalan
 explain what involuntary a) voluntary actions such as writing and
action dancing, voluntary actions –
 explain the effects of injuries b) involuntary actions such as dilation and tindakan terkawal
to specific parts of the human construction of the pupil and the beating of
brain. the heart.
Discuss the effects of injuries to specific
parts of the human brain

6 2.6 A student is able to:
(8.2.10- Understanding  describe what a hormone is,
12.2.10) hormonal  describe what endocrine
coordination in glands are,
the body  identify the main endocrine
glands and their respective
locations in the body,
 state the functions of
hormones secreted by the
endocrine glands,
 describe the effects of
hormonal imbalance on
health.
Carry out games such as “match and win” Only adrenaline, adrenal gland – kelenjar
or puzzles to identify the following: insulin, thyroxine adrenal
a) hormones and the main endocrine oastrogen,
glands, i.e. the pituitary gland, thyroid progesterone, and ovary – ovari
gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, and testosterone are
testis, required. pancreas – pancreas
b) the hormones secreted by each of the
main endocrine glands, pituitary gland – kelenjar
c) functions of the hormones secreted by pituitary
each of the main endocrine glands.
testes – testis
Draw a labeled diagram to show the
location of the main endocrine glands in the thyroid gland – kelenjar
human endocrine system. tiroid

Discuss the effects of hormonal imbalance

on health and present the information in a
graphic organizer.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

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 Objectives

2.7 A student is able to:
Analyzing
coordination  compare and contrast
between the nervous coordination
nervous with hormonal
system and the coordination,
endocrine  explain with examples the
system coordination between the
nervous system and the
endocrine system in
response to a specific
7 stimulus,
(15.2.10-  explain the importance of
19.2.10) coordination between the
nervous system and the
endocrine system in
response to a specific
stimulus.
Carry out an activity to compare and response – gerak balas
contrast nervous coordination with
hormonal coordination and present the stimulus - rangsangan
similarities and differences in a graphic
organizer.
Simulate “fright and flight” situations or
relate an incident to discuss the following:
a) coordination between the nervous
system and the endocrine system in
producing a response to a stimulus,
b) the importance of coordination between
the nervous system and the endocrine
system in ensuring a smooth and
appropriate response to a specific stimulus.

2.8 A student is able to: Invite a representative from Agensi Dadah drug abuse –
Evaluating the Kebangsaan (ADK), Polis Di Raja penyalahgunaan dadah
effects of drug  define what drugs are, Malaysia (PDRM), Persatuan Mencegah
abuse on body  list examples of drugs, Dadah Malaysia (PEMADAM) or other
coordination  explain what drugs abuse is, appropriate institutions to give a talk or
and health.  describe the effects of drugs exhibition on drugs, drugs abuse and the
abuse on body coordination, effects of drugs abuse on body
 describe the effects of drug coordination and health.
abuse on health.
Students make presentations on drug abuse
through public speaking, exhibiting folio or
multimedia PowerPoint presentation.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

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 Objectives

2.9 A student is able to: Gather information from books, alcoholic drinks – minuman
Analyzing the  lists example of alcoholic newspapers, magazines, or internet and beralkohol
effects of drinks, discuss the following:
excessive  describe the effects of a) examples of alcoholic drinks, excessive consumptions –
consumptions excessive consumption of b) effects of excessive consumptions pengambilan berlebihan
of alcohol on alcohol on body coordination, of alcohol on body coordination
body  describe the effects of (effect on reaction times) and health. reaction time – masa tindak
coordination excessive consumption of c) the importance of avoiding excessive balas
and health alcohol on health, consumption of alcohol.
8  justify the importance of
(22.2.10- avoiding excessive Present and exhibit the collected
26.2.10) consumption of alcohol. information.

2.10 A student is able to:
Realizing the
importance of  state what mind is,
sound and  identify factors that affect the
healthy mind mind,
 explain how substance abuse
that can affect the mind,
 justify the importance of a
healthy and sound mind
Gather information from books, magazines, hormonal imbalance –
newspapers and internet and discuss the ketidakseimbangan hormon
following:
a) the meaning of mind, mind – minda
b) factors that affect the mind, which
include hormone imbalance, excessive mental stress – tekanan
consumptions of alcohol, drug abuse, mental
mental stress and brain injury,
c) how hormone imbalance, excessive healthy and sound mind –
consumptions of alcohol and drug abuse minda yang sihat dan baik
can affect the mind,
d) the importance of a healthy and sound
mind.

THEME: MAINTENANCE AND CONTINUITY OF LIFE

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LEARING AREA: 2. HEREDITY AND VARIATION

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

9 3.1 A student will be able to: View videos, computer stimulations or Name of the phase cell division – pembahagian
(8.3.10- Understanding  state what genes, charts to study the following: of mitosis and cell
11.3.10) cell division deoxyribonucleic acids a) gene, DNA and chromosome meiosis are not
(DNA) and chromosomes are, b) mitosis and meiosis. required. centromeres – sentromer
 describe the relationship
between gene, DNA, and Simulate the process of mitosis and Only a brief chromosomes – kromosom
chromosomes, meiosis. discussion is deoxyribonucleic acid –
 state what meiosis is, required for the asid deoksiribonukleik
 state what mitosis is, Carry out activity to compare and contrast following:
 describe the process of mitosis with meiosis and present the a) separation and gene – gen
meiosis, similarities and differences in a graphic polarization of
 describe the process of organizer. chromosomes, polarization – pengutuban
mitosis, b) functions of
 compare and contrast mitosis Discuss the importance of mitosis and spindle fibres and spindle fibres – gentian
and meiosis, meiosis. centromeres, spindle/gelendung
c) formation of
 explain the importance of
new cell.
mitosis and meiosis

10 USBF 1 (8.3.10 – 12.3.10)

CUTI PERTENGAHAN PENGGAL 1
(13.3.10 - 21.3.10)
11 3.2 A student is able: Observe and identify dominant and dominant – dominan
(22.3.10- Understanding  explain what dominant genes and recessive traits among students and their genotype – genotip
26.3.10) the principles recessive genes are, family members. inheritance – pewarisan
and  identify dominant traits and Discuss the following: Mendel’s law – hukum
mechanism of recessive traits in human, a) dominant genes and dominant traits, Mendel
inheritance  illustrate the mechanism of b) recessive genes and recessive traits. monohybrid cross –
inheritance of traits using View videos or computer simulations on kacukan monohibrid
schematic diagram, genetic experiments carried out by Gregor phenotype – fenotip
 predict the genotype and Mendel to study the mechanism of trait recessive traits – sifat
phenotype ratios of a monohybrid inheritance. resesif
cross.

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 Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives
Use schematic diagrams to illustrate
monohybrid crosses and predict the
following using the Mendel’s law.
a) genotype ratio to the ‘first filial’ or F1
generation and the ‘second filial’ or F2
generation,
b) phenotype ratio of the ‘first filial’ or F1
generation and the ‘second filial’ or F2
generation.

12 3.3 A student is able to: View computer simulations, videos or identical twins – kembar
(29.3.10- Understanding charts and discuss the following: seiras
2.4.10) sex  explain what sex a) sex chromosomes,
determination chromosomes are, b) determination of sex, non - identical twins –
and the  explain how sex is c) the occurrence of identical and non- kembar tak seiras
occurrence of determined, identical twins,
twins in  explain the formation of d) the occurrence of siamese twins. sex chromosomes –
human beings identical and non identical kromosom seks
twins, Use schematic diagram to illustrate the
 compare and contrast following : seks determination –
identical with non identical a) how sex is determined, penentuan seks
twins, b) how identical and non- identical twins
 explain what siamese twins are formed. siamese twins – kembar
are. siam
Carry out an activity to compare and
contrast identical twins with non- identical
twins and illustrate the similarities and
differences in a graphic organizer.

Read and interpret data from books,

articles, magazines, or internet on siamese
twins.

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 Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives

3.4 A student is able to: View videos, computer simulations or Change in genes albinism – albinisme
Understanding  state what mutation is, charts and discuss the following: and chromosomes
mutation  state the types of mutation, a) mutation and types of mutation such as at the molecular colour blindness – buta
 list examples of mutation, chromosome mutations and gene mutations, level is not warna
 identify causes of mutation, b) consequences of chromosome mutation required.
 state the advantages and in human such as Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome –
disadvantages of mutation. Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome sindrom Klinefelter
and Thalassemia.
c)consequences of gene mutations in Down’s syndrome –
humans such as colour blindness and sindrom Down
albinism.
Mutation – mutasi
13 Carry out an activity to test colour
(5.4.10- blindness among pupils. Turner’s syndrome –
9.4.10) sindrom Turner
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages
of mutation.

3.5 A student is able to: Search the internet, read books, magazines, livestock – ternakan
Evaluating the and newspapers for informations on genetic
effects of  list the contributions of research and discuss the following: selective breeding –
genetic genetic research in various a) genetic research in the field of medicine, pembiakbakaan pilihan
research on fields. such as the discovery of various types of
human life.  explain the selective breeding hereditary diseases and the latest techniques
in plants and livestock for treating.

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 Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives
Specific diseases
13  state the importance of selective b) genetic research in the field of agriculture
(5.4.10- breeding in plants and livestock, such as genetically modified food (GMF),
9.4.10)  describe the technology used Human Genome Project and cloning,
for selective breeding, selective breeding in plants such as paddy,
 present arguments for and oil palm, papaya, durian, chilli and livestock
against genetic research. such as dairy cow and chicken.
Discuss the following:
a) selective breeding in livestock and plants,
b) the importance of selective breeding in
plants and livestock,
View videos or computer simulations on
the technology used for selective breeding
Debate on genetic research and its effects.
Carry out activities to identify and classify
14 3.6 A student is able to: variation among students in a class. continuous variation –
(12.4.10- Analyzing Discuss the following: variasi selanjar
16.4.10) variation  state what variation is, a) continuous variation and discontinuous
among  list variations in humans variation, discontinuous variation –
living  classify variation into b) examples of continuous variation and variasi tak selanjar
things continuous and discontinuous discontinuous variation,
variation, c) factors which cause variation, family tree – salasilah
 compare and contrast d) the importance of variation. keluarga
continuous and discontinuous Carry out an activity to compare and
variation, contrast continuous variation with left-handed – kidal
 identify factors that cause discontinuous variation and illustrate the
variation, similarities and differences in a graphic variation – variasi
 explain the importance of organizer.
variation. Construct a family tree based on variation
among family members such as having
straight or curly hair, being right –handed or
left-handed, the presence or absence of ear
lobes, and the ability to roll the tongue.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

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 3.7 A student is able to: Read books, articles, magazines, or search
14 Realizing the the internet and discuss how misuse of
(12.4.10- need to  explain how the misuse of knowledge in the field of genetics can
16.4.10) adhere to a knowledge in the field of endanger life.
code or ethics genetics can endanger life,
in genetic  describe the importance of Discuss the importance of establishing and
research establishing and adhering adhering to ethics and morals in scientific
to ethics and morals in research for the benefit of mankind.
scientific research for the
benefit of mankind.

THEME: MATTER IN NATURE

LEARNING AREA: 1.MATTER AND SUBSTANCE
Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives
15 4.1 A student is able to: Carry out an activity to observe changes in The kinetic theory absorbed – diserap
(19.4.10- Analyzing the states of matter when heat is absorbed of matter should be boiling – pendidihan
23.4.10) changes in explain the kinetic theory of matter, or released. explained in terms condensation – kondensasi
the states of relate changes in heat to changes in of particle freezing – pembekuan
matter kinetic energy of the particles View computer simulations or videos and movement. interconversion –
in matter, discuss the following: perubahan dari satu
explain the interconversion of the a) the kinetic theory of matter, keadaan ke keadaan yang
three states of matter based on b) changes in kinetic energy of particles in lain dan sebaliknya
the kinetic theory of matter. matter during heat change, kinetic energy – tenaga
c) changes in the state of matter involving kinetik
the absorption or release of heat, kinetic theory of matter –
d) changes in matter during melting, teori kinetik jirim
boiling, condensation, freezing, and melting – peleburan
sublimation based on the kinetic theory of particles in matter – zarah-
matter. zarah dalam jirim

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
4.2 A student is able to: Examine models, view computer released – dibebaskan
Understanding simulations and discuss the following:

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 the structure  describe the structure of an
of an atom atom,
 identify the subatomic
particles,
 compare and contrast the
subatomic particles.
16
(26.4.10-
30.4.10)
4.3 A student is able to:
Applying the  state what proton number is,
idea of proton  state what nucleon number is,
number and  relate the number of protons,
nucleon neutrons and electrons in an
number in atom to its proton number and
atoms of nucleon number,
elements  deduced the number of protons,
electrons and neutrons in atom
of different elements,
 make a generalization on the
numbers of protons and
electrons in atoms of different
elements,
 state what isotopes are,
 give examples of isotopes.
a) the structure of an atom, states of matter – keadaan
b) the subatomic particles namely proton, jirim
electron, and neutron. sublimation –
Draw a labeled diagram of a model of an pemejalwapan
atom.
Carry out an activity to compare and charge – cas
contrast the subatomic particles in terms of
location, relative mass and charge, relative mass – jisim relatif
illustrate the similarities and differences of
subatomic particles in a graphic organizer. subatomic particles – zarah-
zarah subatom
Collect and interpret data on the following: Only elements isotopes – isotop-isotop
a) proton number, with proton
b) nucleon number, numbers in the make generalization –
c) isotopes. range of 1-10 are membuat pengitlakan
Construct a table to show the relationship required.
between the number of protons, neutrons nucleon number – nombor
and electrons in an atom and its proton nukleon
number and nucleon number.
Discuss and make a generalization that proton number – nombor
atoms of different elements consist of proton
different numbers of protons and electrons.
Discuss the following:
a) isotopes,
b) examples of isotopes such as isotopes of
hydrogen and carbon.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

17 4.4 A student is able to: View computer simulations or charts and card game – permainan kad
(3.5.10- Understanding discuss the following aspects of the

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 7.5.10) the  describe the arrangement of Periodic Table: chemical properties – sifat
classification elements in the Periodic Table, a) arrangement of elements based on kimia
of elements in  describe what is meant by increasing proton number,
Periodic Table groups and periods in the b) group as vertical column containing group – kumpulan
Periodic Table, elements with similar chemical properties,
 identify the locations of metals, c) period of horizontal row containing horizontal rows – baris
non-metals, and semimetals in elements that change their chemical and mendatar
the Periodic Table. physical properties gradually from those
 state the importance of the reflecting metal to those reflecting non- metals – logam
Periodic Table metal,
d) locations of metals, non -metals and non-metals – bukan logam
semimetals
Carry out a card game to fill up the missing period – kala
elements in the Periodic Table. The card
contain the following details: Periodic Table – Jadual
a) proton number, Berkala
b) nucleon number,
c) metal, non-metal and semimetal. semimetals – separuh
Discuss the importance of the Periodic logam
Table in terms of:
a) assisting in an orderly and systematic verticle columns – turus
approach to the study of elements, menegak
b) knowing the properties of the elements,
c) predicting the properties and uses of
elements.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

18 4.5 A student is able to: View computer simulations or charts to boiling point – takat didih
(10.5.10- Understanding describe what atoms, molecules, study the following:

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14.5.10) the properties and ions are,
of substances identify the particles in substances b) substances which are made of atoms,
based on the as atoms, molecules, and ions,
particles state examples of substances made
present in of atoms, molecules and ions,
them compare and contrast substances
that are made of atoms,
molecules and ions based on
their physical properties,
relate the physical properties of
substances made up of atoms,
molecules, and ions to the
arrangement of particles and
the forces of attraction between Carry out an activity to study the melting
them.
19 & 20 PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN
a) atoms, molecules and ions, electrical conductivity –
kekonduksian elektrik
molecules, and ions
c) physical properties of substances made forces of attraction – daya
of atoms, molecules and ions such as: tarikan
i) physical state at room temperature,
ii) melting point, melting point – takat lebur
iii) boiling point,
iv) electrical conductivity. room temperature – suhu
d) arrangement of particles and their forces bilik
of attraction between particles in
substances made of atoms, molecules and
ions.
point and electrical conductivity of
substance made up of:
a) atoms such as lead,
b) molecules such as sulphur,
c) ions such as lead bromide.
Carry out an activity to compare and
contrast substances that are made up of
atoms, molecules and ions based on their
physical properties. Illustrate the
similarities and differences in a graphic
organizer.
Discuss the arrangement of particles and
the forces of attraction between particles in
relation to the physical properties of
substances made up of atoms, molecules
and ions.
(17.5.10 – 28.5.10)

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
CUTI PERTENGAHAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN
(29.5.10 - 13.6.10)

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 A student is able to: Carry out an activity to identify objects in chlorine – klorin
4.6 the classroom which are made of metals
Understanding list examples of metals and non- and non-metals, copper – kuprum
the properties metals,
and uses of list the properties of metals and ductility – kemuluran
Metals and non-metals, Collect and interpret data on the properties
non-metals list the uses of metals and non- and uses of metals such as iron, aluminium, electrical and heat
metals in daily life, zinc, copper, lead, tin, gold and non-metals conductivity –
21 compare and contrast metals and such as carbon, sulphur and chlorine. kekonduksian elektrik dan
(14.6.10- non-metals based on their haba
18.6.10) physical properties,
relate the physical properties of Carry out an activity to compare and gold – emas
metals and non-metals to their contrast the properties of things made of
uses in daily life. metal and non-metal and illustrate the iron – besi
similarities and differences in a graphic
organizer. lead – plumbum

Carry out an activity to study the physical luminosity – kekilauan

properties of metals and non-metals such
as: luminosity, ductility, malleability, malleability – ketertempaan
tensile strength, electrical and heat
conductivity. tensile strength – kekuatan
regangan
Discuss the physical properties of metals
and non-metals relating to their uses.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
Collect and interpret data on the following:
4.7 Analyzing A student is able to: a) characteristics of pure substances, cystallization –
method of  state the characteristics of pure b) different methods of purification of penghabluran
purifying substances.

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 substances substances,
describe the different methods of
purification of substances,
relate the characteristics of
substances to the methods of
purification used,
explain with examples the methods
of purification used to produce
substances used in daily life.
22
(21.6.10-
25.6.10)
distillation – penyulingan
Carry out activities to study the following:
a) how the presence of impurities such as distilled water – air suling
salts affects the boiling point of water,
b) purification of substances by the impurities – bendasing
following methods:
i. distillation, e.g. purifying alcohol from a petroleum fractions –
mixture of alcohol and water, pecahan petroleum
ii. crystallization, e.g. purifying salt from a
saturated solution of common salt. purification of substances –
penulenan bahan
Gather information and discuss the
following: saturated solutions – larutan
a) factors to be considered when selecting tepu
the methods of purification. Examples are
as follow: solutes – zat-zat terlarut
i. separating a liquid from a solution of a
solid in a liquid, such as producing pure miscible – larut campur
water from sea water,
ii. separating a liquid from a mixture of
miscible liquids such as removing ethanol
from a mixture of ethanol and water,
iii. separating insoluble impurities from a
soluble substance such as removing sand
and other impurities from salt.
b) methods of purification used in
producing substances needed daily such as
salt, sugar, petroleum fractions and distilled
water.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

4.8 A student is able to: Discuss the following:

22 Appreciating  describe how man uses various a) describe how man uses various
(21.6.10- the existence substances of different substances of different characteristics can
25.6.10) and uses of characteristics and states in be utilized to benefit mankind,

17
 various everyday life, b) the importance of the existence of
substances of  justify the importance of the various substances of different
different existence of various substances characteristics.
characteristics of different characteristic and
states that benefit mankind.

THEME: ENERGY IN LIFE

LEARNING AREA: ENERGY AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
5.1 A student is able to: Discuss the following in terms of physical chemical changes –
Understanding  explain what physical changes and chemical changes: perubahan kimia
physical and is, a) burning of paper,
chemical  explain what chemical changes b) melting of ice, copper carbonate salt –
changes is, c) change in colour of sliced apples, garam kuprum karbonat
23  give examples of physical d) evaporation of water.
(28.6.10- changes in daily life, copper sulphate solution –
2.7.10)  give examples of chemical Carry out the following activities to study larutan kuprum sulphat
changes in daily life, physical and chemical changes:
 compare and contrast physical a) heating iron with sulphur, evaporation of water –
changes and chemical changes. b) burning magnesium in air, penyejatan air
c) mixing zinc with copper sulphate
solution, lead nitrate – plumbum
d) soaking clean iron nails in water until nitrat
they rust,
e) heating copper carbonate, physical changes –
f) mixing potassium iodine with lead perubahan fizikal
nitrate,

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
23 g) dissolving sugar in water, potassium iodine – kalium
(28.6.10- h) crystallizing sodium chloride from its iodida
2.7.10) saturated solution,
i) heating iodine crystals in a closed reaction – tindak balas
container,

18
 j) slow heating of wax. rust - karat
saturated solution – larutan
Carry out a activity to compare and tepu
contrast physical change and chemical sodium chloride – natrium
change and illustrate the similarities and klorida
differences in a graphic organizer. wax - lilin

23 5.2 A student is able to: Carry out the following activities to study ammonium chloride –
(28.6.10- Analyzing heat changes in chemical reactions: ammonium chloride
2.7.10) heat change in  state the chemical reactions a) dissolving ammonium chloride in water,
chemical involve heat change, b) dissolving sodium hydroxide in water. chemical reaction – tindak
reactions  identify reactions involving balas kimia
heat loss, Discuss the following:
 identify reactions involving a) the relationship between heat loss or endothermic – serap haba
heat gain, heat gain and changes in temperature,
 relate changes in temperature b) exothermic and endothermic reactions exothermic – buang haba
of reactants to exothermic based on changes in heat. heat change – perubahan
reactions, haba
 relate changes in temperature View computer simulations then gather reactant – bahan tindak
of reactants to endothermic and interpret data on heat changes that balas
reactions, occur during industrial chemical reactions, sodium hydroxide –natrium
 explain through examples heat such as: hidroksida
changes that occur during a) the production of ammonia
industrial chemical reactions. from ammonium products sulphuric acid – asid
b) the production of sulphuric acid. sulfuric

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

5.3 A student is able to: Carry out activities to study the following Sodium should be dilute acids – asid cair
Synthesizing reactions: use in very small
the reactivity  describe the reactivity of a) sodium, calcium, magnesium, quantity only reactivity series – siri
series of metals with water, aluminium, zinc, and copper with water. kereaktifan
metals  describe the reactivity of metal b) magnesium, aluminium, zinc, copper

19
 with acids ,
 describe the reactivity of
metals with oxygen,
24  compare and contrast the
(5.7.10- reactivity of metal with water,
9.7.10) acids and oxygen,
 arrange metals in order of
reactivity,
 construct the reactivity series
of metals based on reactivity
of metals with oxygen,
 identify the position of carbon
in the reactivity series
with dilute acids.
c) magnesium, aluminium, zinc, copper
with oxygen.
Carry out activities to compare and
contrast the reactivity of metals with water,
acids and oxygen. Illustrate the similarities
and differences in a graphic organize.
Discuss and arrange metals in order of
reactivity.
Collect and interpret data on the reactivity
series of metals with oxygen to construct
the reactivity series of metals.

Carry out an experiment to determine the

position of carbon in the reactivity series.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

20
 5.4 A student is able to: View computer simulations or videos on electrolysis – elektrolisis
Applying the  relate the position of metals in methods of extracting metals from their
concepts of the reactivity series to the ores and then carry out the following extraction – pengekstrakan
reactivity method of extraction of metals activities:
series of from their ores, a) relate the position of metals in the ore – bijih
metals  explain with examples the reactivity series to the method of extracting
process of extraction of a metal metals from their ores, such as using tin - timah
from its ore using carbon, carbon by electrolysis,
 state the importance of the b) discuss the process of extracting tins
reactivity series. from its ore.
Discuss the importance of the reactivity
25 series.
(12.7.10-
16.7.10)
5.5 A student is able to: Carry out activities on electrolysis and Chemical equation anode – anod
Understanding  state what electrolysis is, discuss the following: for reactions
electrolysis  state what anode, cathode, a) definition of electrolysis, occurring at cathode – katod
anion, cation and electrolyte b) what anode, cathode, anion, cation, and electrodes are not
are, electrolyte are, required. electrode – elektrod
 describe the electrolysis of an c) the process and product of electrolysis
electrolyte using carbon of an electrolyte using carbon electrodes, electrolyte – elektrolit
electrodes, d) use of electrolysis in electroplating
 explain the uses of electrolysis metal objects. electroplating –penyaduran
in industry. View computer simulations and study the elektrik
following process:
a) electrolysis of molten lead bromide lead bromide – plumbum
using carbon electrodes, bromida
b) electroplating objects made of iron with
copper. molten - lebur
View videos or computer simulations and
discuss the uses of electrolysis in industry,
including the extraction of metals,
purification of metals and electroplating.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

21
 5.6 A student is able to: Carry out an activity to study the Equations to show alkaline batteries – bateri
Understanding production of electrical energy by a simple the reactions at the alkali
the production describe how a simple cell works, cell. positive and
of electrical list the various types of cells and negative terminals lead-acid accumulators –
energy from their uses, Examine various types of cells such as dry of a simple cell are akumulator asid-plumbum
chemical state the advantages and cells, lead acid accumulators, alkaline not required
reactions disadvantages of various types batteries, silver oxide-mercury batteries nickel cadmium batteries –
of cells. and nickel-cadmium batteries and discuss: bateri nikel-kadmium
a) their uses,
26 b) their advantages and disadvantages in silver oxide-mercury
(19.7.10- using each of these types of cells. batteries – bateri argentum
23.7.10) oksida-merkuri
simple cell – sel ringkas

5.7 A student is able to: Discuss the following: Only a brief photographic paper – kertas
Understanding a) chemical reaction which require light for description of fotografi
chemical  give examples of chemical example photosynthesis in green plants, splitting of water photographic paper – kertas
reactions that reactions which require light, b) the effect of light on photosensitive molecules by light fotografi
occur in the chemicals. energy in
presence of  explain the effect of light on photosynthesis is photosensitive chemicals –
light photosensitive chemicals , Carry out an activity to study the effects of required. Chemical bahan kimia yang peka
 explain why certain chemicals light on photographic paper and silver equations are not cahaya
are stored in dark bottles. chloride. required.
photosynthesis –
Discuss how photosensitive chemicals are fotosintesis
stored by relating to the effect of light on
these chemicals. silver chloride – argentum
klorida

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

5.8 A student is able to: Prepare folio and scrap book on the
Appreciating following topics:
the innovative  describe how energy obtained a) how energy obtained from chemical

22
 efforts in the from chemical reactions should reactions should be use efficiently to
design of be used efficiently to prevent prevent wastage,
26 equipment wastage, b) how equipment utilizing chemical
(19.7.10- using  describe how equipment reactions as sources of energy should be
23.7.10) chemical utilizing chemical reactions as disposed to reduce environmental pollution
reactions as source of energy should be
sources of disposed to reduce Carry out a brainstorming session on new
energy environmental pollution, ways of using chemical reactions as
 give suggestions on new ways sources of energy for equipment.
of using chemical reactions as
sources of energy for Carry out activities to illustrate good habits
equipment, of using and disposing equipment that uses
 put into practice good habits chemical reaction as a source of energy.
when using and disposing
equipment that uses chemical
reaction as a source of energy.

THEME: ENERGY IN LIFE

LEARNING AREA: 2. NUCLEAR ENERGY
Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives

6.1 A student is able to: View computer simulations, videos or Half-life is not penetration power – kuasa
Understanding charts and study: required. penembusan

23
 radioactive state what radioactive substances a) radioactive substances,
substances are, b) radioactive radiations, radiation – sinaran
c) radioisotopes.
give examples of radioactive Discuss the following: radioactive decay –
substances, a) radioactive substances, pereputan radioaktif
describe the process of radioactive b) radioisotopes of carbon, cobalt and
decay, iodine, radioisotope – radiosotop
name the three types of radioactive c) the process of radioactive decay and the
27 radiations, emission of alpha particles, beta particles
(26.7.10- describe the characteristics of each and gamma reaction.
30.7.10) type of radioactive radiation, Carry out an activity to compare and
compare and contrast radioactive contrast the characteristic to the three types
radiations, of radioactive radiations i.e. alpha, beta and
explain what radioisotopes are, gamma radiation in terms of:
give examples of radioisotopes, a. type of particles,
explain the uses of radioactive b. charge,
substances. c. penetrating powers.
Illustrate the similarities and differences in
a graphic organizer.
View computer simulations, videos or
charts and discuss the uses of radioactive
substances in the following fields:
a) agriculture, b) medicine,
c) archeology, d) industry,
e) food preservation.
Access websites or visit Malaysian
Institute of Nuclear Technology (MINT) to
collect information on radioactive
substances and nuclear energy.
28
(2.8.10- USBF 2 / PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN PMR
6.8.10)

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

6.2 A student is able to: View computer simulations, videos, and The concept of fission – pembelahan
Understanding charts and discuss the production of chain reaction is
the production  describe the production of nuclear energy through the following: not required. fusion – pelakuran

24
 of nuclear nuclear energy through fission, a) fission,
energy and its  describe the production of b) fusion, nuclear energy – tenaga
uses nuclear energy through fusion nuklear
 state the uses of nuclear Discuss the process of generating
energy, electricity from nuclear energy.
29  describe the process of
(9.8.10- generating electricity from Read articles, and do a group presentation
13.8.10) nuclear energy, on the following:
 explain the effects of nuclear a) the uses of nuclear energy,
energy production. b) the effects of nuclear energy production.

6.3 A student is able to: Read articles, view video or charts and radioactive wastes - sisa
Awareness of discuss the following: bahan radioaktif
the need for  state the effects of radioactive a. Chernobyl nuclear disaster and other
proper radiations on living things, nuclear disasters, nuclear power station –
handling of  describe the correct way of b. handling of radioactive substances and stesen tenaga nuklear
radioactive handling radioactive radioactive waste.
substances substances and radioactive Discuss the following:
waste, (i) the short term and long term effects of
 explain the need for proper radioactive substances on living things,
handling of radioactive (ii) the need for proper handling of
substances and radioactive radioactive substances and radioactive
waste waste.
Debate on the need to have nuclear power
stations.

THEME: ENERGY IN LIFE

LEARNING AREA: 3. LIGHT, COLOUR AND SIGHT
Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives
Carry out activities to observe the
7.1 A student is able to: following: concave lens – kanta

25
 Synthesizing the  state the characteristics of
formation of image images formed by a plane
by plane mirrors mirror,
and lenses  state the characteristics of
images formed by a convex
lens,
 state the characteristics of
images formed by a concave
lens,
 compare and contrast images
of distant objects formed by
30 convex lenses and concave
(16.8.10- lenses,
20.8.10)  draw a labeled ray diagram to
show the formation of images
by light rays passing through
a convex lens,
 draw a labeled ray diagram to
show the formation of images
by light rays passing through
a concave lens,
 draw ray diagrams to explain
how characteristics of images
formed by convex lenses vary
with object distance,
 determine the focal length of a
convex lens.
Week Learning Learning Outcomes
Objectives
7.2 A student is able to:
Synthesizing the
formation of image  identify the parts of optical
by optical instruments involved I image
instruments formation,
 draw ray diagrams for light
a) images formed by a plane mirror, cekung
b) images formed by convex and concave
lenses. convex lens – kanta
Carry out an activity to compare and cembung
contrast images of distant objects formed
by convex lenses and concave lenses. distant object – objek
Illustrate the similarities and differences in jauh
a graphic organizer.
Use computer simulations, videos or charts focal length – panjang
to demonstrate the construction of ray fokus
diagrams.
Draw ray diagrams for light passing focal point – titik fokus
through:
a) convex lens with objects located at image – imej
various distances,
b) concave lens image distance – jarak
Label the following on the ray diagrams: imej
a) principle axis, b) optical centre,
c) focal point, d) focal length, optical centre – pusat
e) object distance, f) image distance. optik
Discuss how characteristics of images
formed by convex lenses vary with objects plane mirror – cermin
distance, satah
Plan and carry out an activity to determine
the focal length of a convex lens. principle axis – paksi
utama
ray diagram – rajah sinar
Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Investigate the image formed in a camera image formation –
using a pin-hole camera with and without pembentukan imej
lens.
magnifying glass – kanta
Construct a simple periscope and telescope. pembesar
Discuss the formation of image by these
26
 rays passing through an
optical instrument,
30  compare and contrast the
(16.8.10- mechanisms in focusing and
20.8.10) controlling the amount of
light that enters human eyes
and a camera,
 explain the structure and
function of various parts of
the eye using a camera as an
analogy.
optical instruments. optical instrument –
alatan optik
Use computer simulations to demonstrate pin-hole camera –
construction of ray diagrams for the light kamera lubang jarum
rays passing through the eye and optical
instruments.
Based on simulations, draw and label ray
diagrams to show the formation of images
in the following optical instruments:
a) camera,
b) periscope,
c) telescope,
d) eye.

Discuss the similarities and differences

between camera and eye in terms of
focusing and controlling the amount of
light.

Examine a model camera and relate its

structure and functions to those of the eyes.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
7.3 A student is able to: Carry out activities to investigate the
Analyzing light following: light dispersion –
dispersion  state what light dispersion is, a) light dispersion using a prism, penyebaran cahaya
 explain through examples b) rainbow formation,
how dispersion of light Discuss what light dispersion is. phenomenon– fenomena
occurs. Use computer simulations to demonstrate
light dispersion. rainbow - pelangi
Discuss light dispersion in a phenomenon,
such as the formation of rainbow.
7.4 A student is able: Carry out an activity o study light

27
 Analyzing light  state what light scattering is, scattering and its effects. light scattering –
scattering  give examples of Use computer simulations to demonstrate penyerakan cahaya
31 phenomenon related to light the process of light scattering.
(23.8.10- scattering, Discuss light scattering in phenomenon
27.8.10)  explain through examples such as blue skies and red sunset.
how scattering of light occurs
in natural phenomenon.
7.5 A student is able to: Carry out an activity to introduce primary
Analyzing the  identify primary and and secondary colours. coloured filter – penapis
addition and secondary colours, Carry out activities to: warna
subtraction of a) investigate the addition of primary
coloured lights  explain how addition of colours to form secondary colours, primary colour – warna
primary colours produces b) investigate the effects of primary and primer
secondary colours, secondary coloured filters on white and
coloured light. secondary colour – warna
Use computer simulations to demonstrate sekunder
 explain the subtraction of the addition and subtraction of coloured
colours by coloured filters. lights. subtraction of coloured
Discuss the following: light – penolakan cahaya
a) how secondary colours are obtained berwarna
from the addition of primary colours,
b) subtraction of coloured lights by
coloured filters.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives
7.6 A student is able to: Carry out activities to observe and study the colour
Applying the  explain subtraction of coloured of objects under white and coloured lights. cone cell – sel kon
principle of lights by coloured objects, View computer simulations and discuss the
subtraction of  explain the appearance of coloured subtraction of coloured light by coloured objects. rod cell – sel rod
coloured light to objects under white light. Discuss the following:
explain the  explain the appearance of coloured a) functions of rod and cone cells,
appearance of objects under coloured lights b) the appearance of coloured objects under white
coloured objects  state the function of rod and cone and coloured light.
32 cells in the eye.
(30.8.10-
3.9.10)
7.7 A student is able to: Carry out activities to observe and study pigment

28
 Analyzing the  state what pigment is, and the effect of mixing pigments. mixing of pigments –
effects of mixing  list the uses f pigments, View computer stimulations and discuss the percampuran pigment
pigments  compare and contrast the mixing of mixing of pigments on light,
pigments with the addition of Carry out an activity to compare and contrast the pigment - pigmen
coloured lights, mixing of pigments with addition of coloured
explain through examples the lights. Illustrate the similarities and differences in
effects of pigments on light, a graphic organizer.
 make conclusions about the mixing
of pigments.
7.8 A student is able to: View computer simulations or videos to gather
Evaluating the list the uses of colour in daily life, informations and discuss the following:
importance of state with examples the importance of a) the uses of colour printing, electrical wiring,
colour in daily life. colour to living things, traffic lights, symbols and signals
justify the importance of colour to livingb) the importance of colour to humans , animals
things. and plants.
Discuss what life is like without colour.
7.9 A student is able to: Discuss the advantage of having various kinds of
Appreciating the  relate the inventions of various optical instruments such as: optical instrument –
benefits of various types of optical instruments to their a) to overcome the limitation of the sense ofsight peralatan optik
types of optical contributions to mankind. b) extending the capability or power of vision,
instruments to c) increasing human knowledge and understanding
mankind. about nature.
CUTI PERTENGAHAN PENGGAL 2 (4.9.10 - 12.9.10)
33 CUTI AIDIL FITRI DAN CUTI BERGANTI (13.9.10 – 15.9.10)

THEME: TECHNOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN SOCIETY

LEARNING AREA: 1. CHEMICAL IN INDUSTRY
Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary
Objectives
34 8.1 A student is able to: Examine things made of alloys and discuss alloy – aloi
(20.9.10- Understanding the  state what an alloy is, their composition, properties and uses.
24.9.10) properties of alloys  give examples of alloys, Collect and interpret data on the following: brass – loyang
and their uses in  explain how the formation of a) what an alloy is,
industry alloy can change the b) examples of alloys, bronze – gangsa
properties of metals c) composition, properties and their uses of
 relate the changes in the various alloys including steel, pewter, corrosion – pengkakisan
properties of metals when bronze, brass and duralumin.
View videos or computer simulations and steel – keluli

29
 they are converted to alloys to
the arrangement of particles
in the alloys,
 relate the properties of alloys
to their uses in daily life,
 describe the importance of
alloys in industry,
 state what superconductor
alloys are.
35 8.2 A student is able to:
(27.9.10- Analyzing the  list the uses of ammonia and
1.10.10) production and uses its compounds in daily life,
of ammonia in  Discuss the uses of ammonia and its
industry describe how ammonia is
produced in industry,
state the factors which affects the
production of ammonia in
industry,
state the industrial uses of ammonia,
describe how ammonia is used to
produce ammonium salt fertilizers and
urea
discuss:
a) how formation of alloys can change the superconductor alloy –
properties of metals, such as to increase aloi superkonduktor
hardness, prevent corrosive and improve
appearance,
b) what superconductor alloys are.
Discuss the importance of alloys in
industry.
Collect and study product labels to identify ammonium salt – garam
the ammonium compounds present. ammonium
catalyst – mangkin
cleaning agent – agen
compound in the making of substances pencuci
such as fertilizers, nitric acid, colouring, colouring – pewarna
cleaning agents and explosives. explosives– bahan
letupan
View videos or computer simulations to fertilizers – baja
gather and interpret data on the following: flow chart – carta aliran
a) the process of producing ammonia in pressure - tekanan
industry,
b) factors which affects the optimum

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

production of ammonia such as

temperature, pressure and catalysts.

Collect and interpret data on the large scale

uses of ammonia in industry such as
manufacturing fertilizers and nitric acid.

Carry out an activity to prepare ammonium

fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate,
ammonium nitrate and ammonium
phosphate.

30
 36 8.3 A student is able to: View videos or computer simulations to environmental pollution –
(4.10.10- Analyzing the gather and interpret data on environmental pencemaran alam sekitar
8.10.10) effects of industrial  identify manufacturing pollution arising from:
waste disposal on activities which are sources of a) burning of fossil fuels, fossil fuels – bahan api
the environment pollution, b) disposal of industrial waste such as toxic fosil
 explain the effects of substances from the chemical industry,
improper industrial waste radioactive waste, oil palm and rubber industrial waste – bahan
disposal, waste from the agricultural industry, sisa industri
 relate the effects of industrial c) effects of improper industrial waste
waste disposal to the survival disposal on the environment
of living things, d) methods of controlling industrial waste
 state with examples the disposal to avoid environmental pollution.
methods of controlling
industrial waste disposal to Discuss and relate the effects of improper
avoid pollution. disposal of industrial waste to the survival
of living things.

Select an industry and do a presentation on

how wastes are managed in the industry.

Week Learning Learning Outcomes Learning Activities Notes Vocabulary

Objectives

37 8.4 A student is able to: View videos or computer simulations environmental pollution –
(11.10.10- Realizing the need on industrial waste pollution and its pencemaran alam sekitar
15.10.10) for preservation  describe the consequences of effects on environment.
and conversation of uncontrolled and haphazard conservation –
the environment disposal of industrial waste, Discuss: pemuliharan
from industrial  explain the importance of a) consequences of uncontrolled and
waste pollution for practicing responsible way of haphazard disposal of industrial waste, preservation -
the well being of disposing industrial waste. the need to treat industrial pollution pemeliharaan
mankind seriously in order to preserve and
conserve the environment,
c) the importance of practicing
responsible way of disposing
industrial waste.

31
 38-39 PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN
40-42 UPGRADING PROGRAM
CUTI AKHIR TAHUN

Prepared by,

…………………………………..
( PN. MAH YI FUN)

Checked by, Checked by,

………………………………….. ………………………………
( PN. MAIMUN ABDULLAH )

32
 Certified by,

………………………………….

33