Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
2019
Alan Tan
Lead Specification Engineer
4 Dec 2019
AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
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INTERNATIONAL ENTERPRISE
Creation
In 1941 in Schaan, Liechtenstein
Family business
All shares are held by Martin Hilti Family Trust
Know-how
Leader in the design, manufacture and marketing of
products for building professionals
Global reach
Established in more that 120 countries
International team
More than 24 000 employees worldwide
Unique model
Direct sales
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Diamond B
Consumables Plant Shanghai
Intelligent Construction Tools Tools
Geosystems (JV Trimble) R&D
Plant Zhanjiang
Consumables Panasonic (JV)
Cordless drivers
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• Design • Telemetry • Hammer drills, • Cutting & • Direct fastening • Foams • Professional trainings
hammers, breakers grinding
• Specifications • Leveling and • Diamond drilling & • Diamond • Screw fastening • Firestop • Onsite test
alignment sawing coring & solutions
sawing
• Technical advice • Detection • Installation • Logistic
• Anchor systems • Finance & administration
• Engineering services
• Tool services
Software Software
Consulting
Technical documentation General technical support sessions On site support On-site test
Kitting, cutting,
Typical details Engineering judgement Trainings Trainings
pre-assembly
Saving your time & effort and Giving you integrated Reducing installation time, overall cost
ensuring proper documentation business partner and project risks
Post-installed Rebar | WSP, Dec 2019
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AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
2. Why are we here?
3. Code and Regulation for Fastening
4. Approval - Product Selection
NOT understanding NOT using NOT choosing the best NOT complying with
requirements the best tool solution rules and guidelines
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RISK
OF LIFE
Background
A tunnel being constructed for use by MRT project
collapsed due to the supporting structure for the deep
excavation work failed.
Causes
• Under-designed of the supporting structure. Steel
struts supporting the excavation's diaphragm walls
failed to support the loading.
• Lack of on-site supervision.
Consequnces
• Four people died.
• Main contractor fined $121,400.
• Project delayed.
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Background
Workers were casting concrete into the formwork when
the scaffolding collapsed. The accident happened more
than 12m deep underground.
Causes
• Subcon failed to ensure the formwork inspected and
certified by PE before concrete casting.
• The erection of scaffolding was not according to the
PE design.
Consequnces
• 2 workers were buried in concrete and died.
• Subcon fined $100,000.
• Project delayed.
Background
An investigation found that the permanent structures
used in the viaduct's construction were so inadequate
that they could have collapsed under the weight of a full
traffic load and cause a large number of casualties.
Causes
• Engineers failed to check the design assumptions
made for the corbels, which are support structures,
between affected vertical columns that collapsed.
Consequnces
• 11 workers fell to the ground from a height of at least
9m.
• Main Con still in trial, AC jailed, Subcontractor QP
jailed and fined
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AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
2. Why are we here?
3. Code and Regulation for Fastening
4. Approval - Product Selection
4 KEY PILLARS
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TR 029 TR 045
Design method EC2 EC2 based Local regulations
(EN 1992-4) (EN 1992-4)
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AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
2. Why are we here?
3. Code and Regulation for Fastening
4. Approval - Product Selection
4 KEY PILLARS
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AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
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4 KEY PILLARS
Post-installed rebar
Steel plate
Concrete
Old concrete
Anchor
Existing
reinforcement
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Load on the bar Tension (roughness of joint critical for the Tension, shear, combination of both
shear transfer)
Load transfer mechanism Equilibrium with local Utilization of concrete
or global concrete struts tensile strength
Failure modes Steel yielding, pull out, splitting Steel failure, concrete cone failure, pull out,
splitting
Design steps 1. Calculation of steel reinforcement 1. Calculation of all characteristic capacities
2. Calculation of required anchorage length 2. Determination of minimum capacity
controlling failure anchorage
‘‘Result of theory application’’ Anchorage length (lbd) Capacity of the anchor (NRk)
Anchor Anchor
ETAG Annex C
EAD-AM
ETAG001 Part1~6, EAD
Annex E, TR023…etc.
ETAG EAD-AC
EAD-Fatigue
Already used as “EAD” but New version EAD refers to
EAD-Fire…etc.
refers to ETAG Annex C EN1992-4
12.2016 ???
EAD (refers to EN1992-4 available), but EN1992-4 is not published;
not clear how will the new approvals in the period look like.
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M
N
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concrete
mortar
rebar
rebar
concrete
Load is transferred by mechanical interlock provided by the At the mortar-concrete interface load is transferred by
ribs. The mechanical interlock leads to compression struts adhesion and micro-interlock due to roughness of the
which lead to rotational tensile stresses perpendicular to drilled hole surface. The stiffness of the mortar is
the loading direction. responsible for the crack surface of the pull-out.
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1 2 3 4
Calculation of amount
Calculation of load Calculation of force per Calculation of the
of reinforcement
acting on the structure bar anchorage length
required
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(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.2))
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α1 = 1
α1 = 0.7
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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a
a
c1 c1
c
0.7 ≤ α2 ≤ 1
0.7 ≤ α2 ≤ 1
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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No confinement by transverse
reinforcement can be taken into account
α3 = 1
0.7 ≤ α3 ≤ 1
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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α4 = 1
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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0.7 ≤ α5 ≤ 1 0.7 ≤ α5 ≤ 1
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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α2 α3 α5 ≤ 0.7
α2 α3 α5 ≤ 0.7
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4))
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• σsd = the design stress of the rebar at • σsd = the design stress of the rebar at
the position from where the anchorage the position from where the anchorage
is measured fbd = the bond strength of is measured fbd = the bond strength of
cast-in rebars post-installed rebars
• ϕ = rebar diameter • ϕ = diameter
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.3)
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lb,min=max(0.3lbrqd,fyd;10ϕ;100mm) lb,min=max(0.3lbrqd,fyd;10ϕ;100mm)
end bars end bars
(EC2:EN1992-1-1:2004 (8.4.4)
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CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
• 3.0 When the HIT Rebar Design Method does not provide benefits
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
cd/ϕ [-]
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Displacement [mm]
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
cd/ϕ [-]
fbd,EC2 = fbd/α2 1 *: bond strength for cracked concrete: cracks parallel to the rebar; bond strength for uncracked
α2’=
1 +δ·cd−3ϕ concrete: cracks perpendicular to the rebar
fbd,Hilti = fbd/α’2 0.7 ϕ
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
cd/ϕ [-]
lbd,EC2=(ϕ/4)(fyd/fbd,EC2)
lbd,HRM=(ϕ/4)(fyd/fbd,Hilti)
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HIT Rebar Method through Hilti’s extensive in-house research provided benefit
for cd/ϕ > 3
It allows higher bond strength thus reducing embedment depths
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CONTENTS
• 3.0 When the HIT Rebar Design Method does not provide benefits
M
N
Overlap joint for rebar connections Overlap joint at a foundation of a Anchoring of reinforcement to
of slabs and beams column or wall cover the line of acting tensile
force
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30° ≤ θ ≤ 60°
The force flow in the frame node The strut and tie model is developed for straight bars
(Hilti research with Technical University of Munich and the American (Hilti research), showing that this application can also
University of Beirut ). be designed according to EC2 approach.
M1
2
V1
C
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M1
2
V1
C
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CONTENTS
• 3.0 When the HIT Rebar Design Method does not provide benefits
OVERLAPPING APPLICATIONS
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lbd
In case of splices, stiffness is key. If two rebars with a similar stiffness are spliced, the steel stress values are
nearly identical for both bars.
On contrary if the mortar has a stiffness much higher than concrete, the steel stress distribution is unequal
along the splice length and large cracks can be developed.
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Cast-in rebars
F
Post-installed rebars
lbd
Improper design
Cast-in rebars
F
Post-installed rebars
lbd
Cast-in rebars
F
Post-installed rebars
lbd
Improper design
Cast-in rebar
Cast-in rebars breaks out for
pull out!
F
Post-installed rebars
lbd
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EC2 or HIT
Rebar
design
Method
AGENDA
1. Intro to HILTI
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4 KEY PILLARS
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2. TRAINED SUPERVISOR,
INSTALLER & INSPECTOR
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TRAINED INSTALLER
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4. (OPTIONAL)WORKMANSHIP
CHECK VIA ON-SITE ‘PROOF LOAD
TEST’
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THANK YOU
Contact
Alan Tan (Specification Engineer)
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