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WXWXeXV[bf &CJG?Q J?PMX?* Ckofnrb,: XeXV[bI bV \X gT e\b F XehTab4BTBXl= XaXeT_WXIbV\XWTWXfW X _FXes&Rljl G,
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10. Hlodb Mppf l E^ o d r o b s f ` e


abi^pl_gb`flkbpnrbibs^kq^jlpbk i^p iÅkb^p Ck `lkpb`rbk`f^ `lk bpq^ kloj^* bkqlk`bp* pf :
^kqboflobp pb ^qof_rv^k j~p afsfabkalp ^ rk pb `lkq^o^ `lk bi slql `lkclojb ab qlalp ilp 0
^``flkfpq^ nrb ilp nrb ib `loobpmlkabk `lkpf+ ^``flkfpq^p*`i^o^jbkqbpbo~mlpf_ib*mlobgbjmil* gb
abo^kal bpqof`q^j bkqb pr m^oqf`fm^`fÉk bk bi bcb`qr^ork^obar``fÉkab`^mfq^ibki^pl`fba^a s+í
`^mfq^i,BbilÑkf`lnrbe^_o~bpq^o`lkp`fbkqbp abnrbpbqo^qb^cb`q^kalÑkf`^jbkqbi^m^oqfa+ H
bkbplp`^plp*`ljlpb^k^ifw^o~bkabq^iibj~p m^`fÉkabi^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqfo^*vklabiobpql
^abi^kqb* bpab nrb bpq^ ^pfdk^`fÉk bk bu`bpl abilp^``flkfpq^p,Cpbu^`q^jbkqbbi`^pl`ljÑk
klbpabpabirbdlkri^*mbolklpbo~rk^`lkpb+ abi^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqfo^abi^pl`fba^avnrb
`rbk`f^afob`q^abi^afpqof_r`fÉkabafsfabkalp bk sfoqra abi obp`^qbab prp ^``flkbp jbaf^kqb
jfpj^*pfklpbdro^jbkqbbiobpriq^alabkbdl+ i^ `loobpmlkafbkqb obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i ob`f_b*
`flpm^oqf`ri^obpbkqobilp^``flkfpq^p, mlo bgbjmil* rk fj mloqb bnrfs^ibkqb ^ pr m^o+
qf`fm^`fÉkbkbim^qofjlkflkbqlabi^pl`fba^a,
W*j~pfjmloq^kqb^Ñk*pfkb`bp^of^jbkqbbufpqbk
bpqlpkbdl`flpm^oqf`ri^obpbkqobilp^``flkfpq^p Nrbabpr`babo*pfkbj_^odl*nrbbifjmloqbnrb
m^o^ mlpf_fifq^o bpq^p bkqobd^p ab afsfabkalp `loobpmlka^^bpb^``flkfpq^pl_obbi`^mfq^ivi^p

Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `r iq^ a  ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^
j^vlobp^i^pnrb`loobpmlkabkab^`rboal^i^ obpbos^pabi^bjmobp^`lkpfabo^kalpr m^oqf`f+
moloo^q^abiobpmb`qfsl^``flkfpq^*e^_o~nrb^k^+ m^`fÉk ^``flk^of^* kl pb^ prcf`fbkqb m^o^`r_ofo
ifw^o bi qo^q^jfbkqlgroÅaf`l nrb `loobpmlkabo~ qlq^ij bkqb bi fj mloqb bk nrb i^p m^oqbp e^k
a^oib^bpqlp^`qlp*mrbpklab_bo~pbobiabrk^ bpqfj^al i^ `ljmbkp^`fÉk nrb ib `loobpmlkab
afpqof_r`fÉkabafsfabkalp`loofbkqb, ob`f_fomloprobqfolabi^``flk^of^alabi^jfpj^,

AA* D9J=<M;;A}F <=;9HAL9D Ckbp^^iqbok^qfs^e^vnrfbkbpplpqfbkbknrbbi


^oqÅ`ril0/5abi^JEQmbojfqbnrbbi^`rboalab
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_fbk il`ljÑkbpnrbrk^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqf+ `lkqbj mib ^pfdk^o ^i ^``flkfpq^ nrb pb obqfo^
o^ ab rk^ pl`fba^a jbaf^kqbbi obp`^qbabprp rk^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk pl_ob bi m^qofj lkfl kbql ab
^``flkbp ob`f_^ bk `ljmbkp^`fÉk rk fj mloqb i^ obpmb`qfs^ bjmobp^ ^af`flk^i ^ i^ nrb ib `l+
bnrfs^ibkqb^prm^oqf`fm^`fÉkbkbim^qofj lkfl oobpmlkaboÅ^plil`lkpfabo^kalprm^oqf`fm^`fÉk
kbqlabi^jfpj^*bufpqbkmlpf`flkbpnrbplpqfb+ bkbi`^mfq^i abi^ jfpj^,
kbknrbbipbdrkalm~oo^clabi^oqÅ`ril0/5ab
i^ JEQ^ajfqbnrbbk rk^ obar``fÉkab`^mfq^i QbdÑkbpq^mlpf`fÉk*bi^i`^k`babi^ ^cb`q^`fÉk
bi ^`rboal obpmb`qfsl afpmlkd^ `ljmbkp^o ^i afpqfkq^ nrbjbk`flk^bi^oqÅ`ril0/5abi^pJEQ
^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqfo^bkbu`bplabpr m^oqf`f+ klbpq~prgbql^ kfkdrk^ifjfq^`fÉk*abj^kbo^
m^`fÉkbkbi m^qofj lkfl kbql, nrb pf pb `rjmib bi obnrfpfql ab i^ ^mol_^`fÉk
mloqlalp ilp ^``flkfpq^p pbo~ mlpf_ib* kl plil
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il 0/5 ab i^ JEQ1* i^ obdi^ dbkbo^i bp nrb i^ ^rklplilabilp^``flkfpq^p&binrbpbobqfo^ab
obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i Ö[\Y\ X]\ZkXi X kf[fj cfj i^pl`fba^a'*pfklq^j_fÄkm^d^o^ijfpjl`ljl
XZZ`fe`jkXj X gifiiXkX [\ jl gXik`Z`gXZ`ye \e \c `lkpb`rbk`f^ ab i^ obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i rk^
ZXg`kXc j`e df[`]`ZXi jl gfiZ\ekXa\ XZZ`feXi`f )Qfk m^oqf`fm^`fÉk j^vlopl_obbi`^mfq^iv obpbos^p
bj_^odl*bpqb^oqÅ`ril^ajfqbi^mlpf_fifa^aab nrb^nrbii^nrbib`loobpmlkabab^`rboal^pr
nrb bk rk^ abqbojfk^a^ obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i m^oqf`fm^`fÉkbkbi`^mfq^iabi^bjmobp^,
pbXZl\i[\ leX X]\ZkXZ`ye [`jk`ekX 'pfbjmobnrb
biilpb^ab`fafal gfi leXe`d`[X[ [\ cXj XZZ`fe\j Llm^oqf`fm^jlpabbpq^qbpfp*mrbp`obbjlpnrb
7 : L E 9 7 J K I  G10

jljZi`kXj Zfe [\i\Z_f X mfkf ) bpq^kloj^abi^JEQklmbojfqb*`ljlrk^`lk+

1, Ck ^abi^kqb* e^objlp obcbobk`f^ ^i ^oqÅ`ril 0/5 ab i^ JEQ* pfk jbk`flk^onrb i^ kloj^ nrb fkqbobp^ m^o^ bpqb
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pb`rbk`f^ afob`q^ ab rk ^`rboalab obar``fÉk i^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk ab lqolp* j^p kl m^o^ ^pfdk^o
ab`^mfq^iv^rk^pÅpb`rbkqb`lki^rk^kfjfa^a ^i^``flkfpq^nrbpb obqfo^ rk^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk bk
^i^nrbpbobcfbobi^ibv*^pfdk^o^i^``flkfpq^nrb bi`^mfq^i nrb klib `loobpmlkab,?pÅ* i^ kloj^
pbobqfo^abrk^pl`fba^a^qo^sÄpabrk^obar`+ _^gl `lj bkq^ofl kl mrbab fkqbomobq^opb* mlo
`fÉkab`^mfq^irk^m^oqf`fm^`fÉkpl_obbi`^mfq^i j~p nrb qlalp ilp ^``flkfpq^p slqbk ^ c^slo*
vi^pobpbos^pabi^bjmobp^^af`flk^i^i^nrbib `ljl rk^ mlpf_fifa^a m^o^ nrb* `ljl `lkpb+
`loobpmlkaboÅ^`lkpfabo^kalbpqof`q^jbkqbpr `rbk`f^afob`q^abrk^obar``fÉkab`^mfq^i*pb
m^oqf`fm^`fÉkbkbi`^mfq^iabi^ jfpj^, ^jloqf`b i^ m^oqb molmlo`flk^i abi `^mfq^i nrb
`loobpmlkab^rkabqboj fk^al^``flkfpq^m^o^
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gc`c`UXYjc`iW]ubXYWUd]hU`*
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bkmofjboird^obi`^plkloj^ibknrbrk^pl`fb+ ^iÅ`rlq^p abi `^mfq^i &sbo^oqÅ`ril 60 ab i^ JEQ'
a^abkcobkq^ rk^ obar``fÉkab`^mfq^i jbaf^kqb v `^a^ rk^ ab bii^p qfbkb rk qfqri^o* kl pbo~
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

i^abslir`fÉk^ ilp^``flkfpq^pabÑkf`^jbkqbpr mlpf_ib nrb* pfk jbaf^o kbdl`flp m^oqf`ri^obp


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rk ^``flkfpq^ ob`f_^ bi `^mfq^i ^j loqfw^al ab
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ob`f_fo i^ m^oqb molmlo`flk^i abi `^mfq^i ^jlo+ bufpq^k bpqlp kbdl`flp m^oqf`ri^obp bkqob ilp
qfw^al nrb ibp `loobpmlka^ `lkpfabo^kal pr ^``flkfpq^p m^o^ mlpf_fifq^o bpq^p bkqobd^p ab
m^oqf`fm^`fÉk^iÅ`rlq^bkbp^`rbkq^, `^mfq^i j^vlobp ^ i^p nrb `loobpmlkabk ab
^`rboal^i^moloo^q^abi^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqfo^*
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^nrbpbobcfbobi^pbdrka^m^oqbabbpq^kloj^* q^j fbkqlgroÅaf`lab rk^ obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i*
nrb ^_ob i^ mlpf_fifa^a ab nrb pb ^`rboab rk^ bkqlalpilp~j_fqlp*fk`irfalbiqof_rq^ofl*klbp
^cb`q^`fÉk afpqfkq^ * kb`bp^of^jbkqb qfbkb nrb `fboq^jbkqbpfjfi^o^inrb`loobpmlkab^bpqlp
bpq^o obi^`flk^a^ `lk bp^ obdi^ dbkbo^i v k^a^ mlpf_ibp^`qlp`ljmibjbkq^oflp^Ñkmloabcfkfo
j~p*s^ibab`fo*`lki^mlpf_fifa^aabnrb^idrklp mbolafpqfkqlpbk k^qro^ibw^^i mofjbol,
ab ilp ^``flkfpq^p kl m^oqf`fmbk* mlo il jbklp
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nrb`lkpbosbkprm^oqbmolmlo`flk^iabi`^mfq^i YbhfY[UXY` dUhf]acb]cbYhc*
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i^ pl`fba^a ifnrfa^kal pr m^oqf`fm^`fÉk, Lrb+ ?elo^_fbk*bpq^`lk`irpfÉknrb*^krbpqolgrf`fl*
s^jbkqb* pf `lkclojb^ i^ obdi^ dbkbo^i `lkp^+ obpriq^q^k`i^o^^m^oqfoabi^k~ifpfpabi`^plj~p
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obkdiÉk pbdrfal* kb`bp^of^jbkqb ab_b bkqbk+ ^k^ifw^o^nrbii^p obar``flkbpab`^mfq^i bk nrb
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ab nrb i^ obar``fÉk kl ^cb`qb ^ qlalp &ilp nrb ^jloqfw^al*i^m^oqbmolmlo`flk^iabim^qofjlkfl
7 : L E 9 7 J K I  /10

pb nrba^k bk i^ pl`fba^a'* pfkl plil ^ ^idrklp kbqlabi^bjmobp^nrbibp`loobpmlkab,


^``flkfpq^p&ilpnrbpbobqfo^kabi^pl`fba^a',
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pl`fba^a ab rkl l j~p ^``flkfpq^p pfk ^cb`q^o bkkrbpqol`lk`bmql*nrbpfpbobar`bbi`^mfq^i

100 Hlodb Mppf l E^ o d r o b s f ` e


ifnrfa~kalpb i^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk ab rk ^``flkfpq^ ab`fo pr m^oqf`fm^`fÉk bk bi `^mfq^i v obpbos^p :
mloprs^iloabm^qofj lkflkbql*bpb^``flkfpq^ ab i^ bjmobp^2,
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nrb rk^ ab i^p jla^ifa^abp ab i^ obar``fÉk
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obpmb`qfs^p^``flkbpjbaf^kqb cf\eki\^ffjlj ibw^ kl pboÅ^`lkpfpqbkqb`lk rk^ kloj^ `lk+
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7 : L E 9 7 J K I  G10

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`^a^ ^``flkfpq^ `loobpmlkab & pr m ^ oqf`fm ^ + ^`rboal^ ilnrbpbabpmobkab*bkqoblqolp*ab
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kbq^ nrb mlqbk`f^ij bkqb `loobpmlkab ^ ilp `^mfq^iab_bpbomolmlo`flk^i^prm^oqf`fm^`fÉk


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7 : L E 9 7 J K I  /10

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102 Hlodb Mppf l E^ o d r o b s f ` e


^pfdk^obp^j^vlom^oqf`fm^`fÉk^iqfqri^oabrk `flkfpq^ qfqr i^ o abi a fsfa bk a l  l nrb pb bpq~ :
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jbkq^oflpl^af`flk^ibpnrbgrpqfcf`^kbp^j^vlo ^`qlp ab i^ pl`fba^a* m^o^ obpriq^o pfbkal
bkqobd^m^o^afpmbkp^oibpbiqo^q^jfbkqlnrbibp `lkpb`rbk`f^* pbdro^j bkqb* ab ^idrk^ fkp+
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bkqobd^ abafsfabkalpl m^qofj lkfl kbql*pb^ `lj l pf bi m^dl ^ rk ^``flkfpq^ abi `^mfq^i
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alp l i^ obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i* rk ^``flkfpq^ l fj miÅ`fq^ bkqob ilp ^``flkfpq^p fkslir`o^alp*
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mlqbk`f^i `loobpmlkabk ^ lqol ^``flkfpq^= Jl
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abob`elp pl_ob i^p jfpj^p l abi fj mloqb bk fk`irfal bi qof_rq^ofl* bp `fboq^j bkqb afpqfkql
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7 : L E 9 7 J K I  /10

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Bfsfabkalp v obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i +  mlpf_fifa^a ab m^oqf`fm^`fÉk afpqfkq^ ^ i^ obpriq^kqb ab i^ moloo^q^ 103
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mlonrb mol_^_ibj bkqb pb^ bi `^pl j~p bsf+ `fifq^obiobqfolabi^pl`fba^aabrkllj~p
abkqb bk nrb mlaoÅ^k mobpbkq^opb mol_ibj^p* ^``flkfpq^p pfk afpj fkrfo i^ m^oqf`fm^`fÉk
mbol ab_bjlp bpq^o `lkp`fbkqbp ab nrb bk ablqolpbkbi`^mfq^i* j^p kl mlpf_fifq^oi^
rk^pfqr^`fÉkabqo^j^abkbdl`flp`ljmibglp ^pfdk^`fÉk^i^``flkfpq^nrbpbobqfo^abrk^
7 : L E 9 7 J K I  /10

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ab afsfabkalp l ^ i^ obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i nrb m^qofj lkflkbqlnrbklib`loobpmlkab,
ebjlp sbkfal `lj bkq^kal* bsbkqr^ij bkqb
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104 H l o d b  Mp p f l E ^ o d r o b s f ` e
`fba^aabnrbpbqo^qbqbojfk^ m^d^kal^ m^oqf`ri^obkqobilp^``flkfpq^pabi`r^iab+ :
obpmb`qfsl^``flkfpq^rk^m^oqf`fm^`fÉkj^+ ofs^bp^bkqobd^,LlpboÅ^rk^`lkpb`rbk`f^
vlopl_obi^prqfifa^abp*bi`^mfq^ilbim^qof+ afob`q^ ab i^ afpqof_r`fÉk abafsfabkalp l
dfe`fe\kfhl\Xhl\ccXhl\c\Zfii\jgfe[\ [\ cX i\[lZZ`ye [\ ZXg`kXc' p ef [\Y\iwX f
bkcrk`fÉk^prm^oqf`fm^`fÉk^iÅ`rlq^bkbi ob`f_fo*bkbp^m^oqb*biqo^q^j fbkqlgroÅaf`l M
`^mfq^i*ilnrbpbe^_oÅ^a^albprkkbdl`fl abq^i,

P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^ `riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^
7 : L E 9 7 J K I  /10

Bfsfabkalp v obar``fÉk ab `^mfq^i +  mlpf_fifa^a ab m^oqf`fm^`fÉk afpqfkq^ ^ i^ obpriq^kqb ab i^ moloo^q^ 105

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