A k h m a d F a j a r i, S .

P d
SM A N egeri 1 T ungkal Jaya

2 0 1 9 /2 0 2 0
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PO LIN O M IA L

K o m p eten si In ti

KI-3: M e m a h a m i, m enerapkan, d an m e n g a n a li s i s p e ng e tah uan f a k t u a l,

k o n s e p t u a l, p r o s e d u r a l, d an m e ta k o g n itif be r d asark an rasa in g in tah unya

te nta ng i lm u p e ng e tah uan, t e k n o lo g i , s e n i, b ud aya, d an h u m a n io r a d engan

w a w a s a n k e m a n u s ia a n , k e b a n g s a a n , k e n e g a r a a n , d a n p e r a d a b a n te r k a it p e n y e b a b

f e n o m e n a d a n k e ja d ia n , s e r ta m e n e r a p k a n p e n g e ta h u a n p r o s e d u r a l p a d a b id a n g

k a jia n ya ng s p e s if ik sesuai d engan b akat d a n m in a t n y a u ntuk m em ecah kan

m a s a la h

K I - 4 : M e n g o la h , m e n a la r , d a n m e nyaji d a la m ranah konkret d an ranah ab strak

t e r k a i t d e n g a n p e n g e m b a n g a n d a r i y a n g d i p e la j a r i n y a d i s e k o la h s e c a r a m a n d i r i,

b e r tin d a k s e c a r a e f e k tif d a n k r e a tif , s e r t a m a m p u m e n g g u n a k a n m e to d e s e s u a i

k a i d a h k e i lm u a n

K o m p eten si D a sa r

3 .4 . M e n g a n a li s i s k e t e r b a g i a n d a n f a k t o r i s a s i p o li n o m

4 .4 . M e n y e le s a i k a n m a s a l a h y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n f a k t o r i s a s i p o li n o m i a l

T u ju a n P e m b e la ja r a n

M e n d e s k r ip s ik a n kosep d an m e n g a n a li s i s s if a t o p erasi a lj a b a r pad a p o li n o m i a l

S M A N E G E R I 1 T U N G K A L

d a n m e n e r a p k a n n y a dJ aAl aYm A m e n y e l e s a i k a n m a s a l a h m a t e m a t i k a .
[ T y p e t h e c o m p a n y
M e n d e s k r ip s ik a n atura n p e r k a li a n d an p e m b a g ia n p o li n o m i a l d an m enerapkan
a d d r e s s ]
[ T y p t ee o tr he m
e a p h s oi sn a e d
n au n m bp e
e m
r ]f a k t o r a n p o li n o m i a l d a la m m e n y e le s a i k a n m a s a la h
[ T y p e t h e f a x n u m b e r ]
m a te m a tik a .
2 0 1 9 / 2 0 2 0
M em ecah kan m a s a la h nya ta m enggunakan konsep atura n s is a d an f a k to r is a s i

d a la m p o li n o m i a l.

M em ecah kan m a s a la h nyata d engan m od el persam aan k u b ik d an m enerapkan

a t u r a n d a n s i f a t p a d a p o li n o m i a l.

J u d u l S u b K eg ia ta n B e la ja r

1. P e n g e r t i a n P o li n o m i a l

2. N i la i P o li n o m i a l

3. O p e r a s i p a d a P o li n o m i a l

4. P e m b a g i a n p a d a P o li n o m i a l

5. T e o r em a S is a

6. T e o rem a F ak to r

7. A k a r - a k a r r a s io n a l p o li n o m i a l

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U ra ia n M a teri d a n C o n to h

P en g ertia n P o lin o m ia l

P o li n o m i a l ( s u k u b a n y a k ) d a la m x y a n g b e r d e r a j a d n , d e n g a n n b i la n g a n c a c a h d an a n ≠

0 d i t u li s k a n d a la m b e n tuk :

n n -1 n -2
y = F (x ) = a 0x + a 1x + a2x + … + a n -1 x + a n

K e te rang an :

n Є b i la n g a n b u la t .

a n ≠ 0 d e n g a n a 0 , a 1, a 2 ,… , a n-1 , a n k o e f i s i e n m a s i n g - m a s i n g m e r u p a k a n b i la n g a n .

D e r ajat S uk u B a nyak a d a la h pangkat te r tin g g i d a r i p a n g k a t -p a n g k a t p a d a tia p -

t i a p s u k u , d i s e b u t n . U n t u k s u k u b a n y a k n o l d i k a t a k a n t i d a k m e m i li k i d e r a j a t .
n n-1 n-2
S uku : a 0 x , a 1x , a2x , … , a n-1 x , a n.

a 0 a d a la h s u k u t e t a p a t a u k o n s t a n t a , t i d a k m e n g a n d u n g v a r i a b e l/ p e u b a h .

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!

1. T e n t u k a n la h d e r ajat, b a nyak s uku d a n k o nsta nta m a s in g -m a s in g n y a d ari

p o li n o m i a l b e r i k u t !
5 4 2
a. f (x ) = 2 x + 3x - 5x + x - 7
5 4 3 2
b . f (x ) = 7 x - 3x - 7x + x + 8 x - 12

J aw ab an :
5 4 2
a. f (x ) = 2 x + 3x - 5x + x - 7

D e r a j a t d a r i p o li n o m i a l d i a t a s a d a la h 5 .
5 4 2
B a n y a k s u k u a d a la h 5 y a i t u 2 x , 3x , -5 x ,x d a n – 7
5
K o nstanta x a d a la h 2
4
K o nstanta x a d a la h 3 K o n s t a n t a x a d a la h 1
3 0
K o nstanta x a d a la h 0 K o nstanta x a d a la h - 7
2
K o nstanta x a d a la h - 5

5 4 3 2
b . f (x ) = 7 x - 3x - 7x + x + 8 x – 12

D e r a j a t d a r i p o li n o m i a l d i a t a s a d a la h 5 .
5 4 3 2
B a n y a k s u k u a d a la h 6 y a i t u 7 x , 3x , - 7x , x , 8 x d an - 12
5
K o nstanta x a d a la h 7
4 K o n s t a n t a x a d a la h 8
K o nstanta x a d a la h - 3
0
3 K o nstanta x a d a la h - 1 2
K o nstanta x a d a la h - 7
2
K o nstanta x a d a la h 1

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N ila i p o lin o m ia l

n n-1 n-2
J ik a f (x ) = ax + b x +cX +… +z m aka n i la i suku b anyak d apat d ic a r i d engan cara

s u b titu s i d a n s k e m a tik .

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!

1. D ik e ta h u i fungsi p o li n o m i a l M aka n i la i f ungsi

te rse b ut un tuk a d a la h ...

2. D ik e ta h u i f u n g s i k u a d r a t untuk m a k a n i la i s u k u b a n y a k

t e r s e b u t a d a la h ...

J aw ab an :

1. d e n g a n n i la i

D e n g a n c a r a s u b titu s i

D e n g a n c a r a s k e m a tik

T e nte tuk a n t e r le b i h d a h u lu k o nstan ta d ari m a s in g -m a sin g suku,

k e m u d ia n u r u tk a n k o n s ta n ta te r s e b u t d a r i p a n g k a t y a n g te r tin g g i

h i n g g a p a n g k a t y a n g t e r e n d a h . O p e r a s i y a n g a k a n d i la k u k a n y a i t u

o p e r a s i p e n j u m la h a n d a n p e r k a li a n . U n t u k operasi yang p e rtam a,

k o n s ta n ta s u k u te r tin g g i d i ta m b a h k a n d e n g a n 0 (n o l) k e m u d ia n d i

k a li d e n g a n n i la i x = - 2 . H a s i ln y a d i t a m b a h k a n d e n g a n k o n s t a n t a

pangkat te r tin g g g i k -2 d an b e g itu se te rusnya. S e p e rti d ib a w a h

in i:

D ita m b a h 0

-2 2 ( n o l ) 3( 0 -5 1 -7
-2
0 -4 2 -4 18 -3 8
-4

2 -1 2 -9 19 -4 5 n i la i p o li n o m i a l
2

2. d e n g a n n i la i

D e n g a n c a r a s u b titu s i

D e n g a n c a r a s k e m a tik

2 1/2 3/4 -5

0 1 7/2

1/2 7/4 -3 /4 n i la i p o li n o m i a l

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K e r ja k a n la tih a n d i ba w a h in i!

L a tih a n

1. T e n t u k a n la h d e r ajat, b an yak suku d an k o nsta nta m a s in g -m a s in g n y a d a r i p o li n o m i a l

b e r ik u t!
5 4 2
a. f (x ) = 9 x + 7x - 6x + 4 x - 18
5 4 3 2
b . f (x ) = x - 5x - 2x + 3x + 6x + 5

Pem b ah asan :

2 . D ik e ta h u i fungsi p o li n o m i a l . T e n t u k a n la h n i la i

fung si te rse b ut un tuk d e n g a n c a r a s u b s itu s i d a n s k e m a tik !

Pem b ah asan :

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3 . D ik e ta h u i f u n g s i k u a d r a t untuk T e n t u k a n la h n ila i s u k u

b a n y a k te r s e b u t d e n g a n c a r a s u b s itu s i d a n s k e m a tik !

Pem b ah asan :

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O p e r a si p a d a p o lin o m ia l

O perasi yang akan d ib a h a s y a itu p e n j u m la h a n , pengurang an d an p e r k a li a n pad a

p o li n o m i a l.

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!
4 3 2 3 2
1. D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = 3 x – 2x + 5x – 4 x + 3 , g (x ) = 4 x – 6x + 7 x – 1 . T e n t u k a n la h :

a . f (x ) + g (x )

b . f (x ) - g (x )

c . f (x ) x g (x )
2 2
2. D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = x – 4 x + 3 , g (x ) = 6 x – 1 . T e n tu k a n la h :

a . 2 f (x ) + 3 g (x )

b . [ f (x ) – g (x )] x g (x )

[ f (x ) x g (x )] – 2 f (x )

J aw ab an :
4 3 2 3 2
1. D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = 3 x – 2x + 5x – 4 x + 3 , g (x ) = 4 x – 6x + 7x – 1

a . P e n ju m la h a n

f (x ) + g (x )
4 3 2 3 2
f (x ) + g (x ) = (3 x – 2x + 5x – 4 x + 3 ) + (4 x – 6x + 7x – 1)
4 3 2
= 3x + (-2 + 4 )x + (5 -6 )x + (-4 + 7 )x + (3 -1 )
4 3 2
= 3x + 2 x – 1x + 3x + 2

b . Pengurangan

f (x ) - g (x )
4 3 2 3 2
f (x ) - g (x ) = (3x – 2x + 5x – 4 x + 3 ) - (4 x – 6x + 7x – 1)
4 3 2
= 3x + (-2 -4 )x + (5 + 6 )x + (- 4 -7 )x + (3 + 1 )
4 3 2
= 3x - 6x +11x - 11x + 4

c . P e r k a li a n

f (x ) x g (x )
3 2 2
f (x ) x g (x ) = (2 x + 5x – 4 x + 3 ) x (6 x + 7x – 1)
3 2 2 2 2 2
= 2x (6 x + 7 x – 1) + 5 x (6 x + 7 x – 1 ) – 4 x (6 x + 7 x – 1 ) + 3 (6 x + 7x

– 1)
5 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 2
= 12 x + 14 x – 2x + 30x + 35x – 5x - 24x – 28x + 4 x + 18 x +2 1x –

2 2
2 . D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = x – 4 x + 3 , g (x ) = 6 x – 1

a . 2 f (x ) + 3 g (x )
2 2
2 f (x ) + 3 g (x ) = 2 (x – 4 x + 3 ) + 3 (6 x – 1)
2 2
= (2 x – 8 x + 6 ) + (1 8 x – 3)
2
= 20x – 8x + 3

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b . [ f (x ) – g (x )] x g (x )
2 2 2
[ f (x ) – g (x )] x g (x ) = [ (x – 4 x + 3 ) - (6 x – 1 )] x (6 x – 1)
2 2
= (-5 x – 4 x + 5 ) x (6 x – 1)
4 2 3 2
= (-3 0 x + 5x ) + (-2 4 x + 4 x ) + (3 0 x – 5)
4 3 2
= -3 0 x - 24x + 35x + 4x – 5

c . [ f (x ) x g (x )] – 2 f (x )
2 2 2
[ f (x ) x g (x )] – 2 f (x ) = [ (x – 4 x + 3 ) x (6 x – 1 )] - 2 (x – 4x + 3)
4 2 3 2 2
= [ (6 x - x ) + (-2 4 x + 4 x ) + (1 8 x – 3 )] – (2 x – 8x + 6)
4 3 2 2
= (6 x -2 4 x + 17 x + 4 x – 3 ) - (2 x – 8x + 6)

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K e r ja k a n la tih a n d i ba w a h in i!

L a tih a n

4 3 2 3 2
1. D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = 4 x – 8x + 12 x – 9 x + 7 , g (x ) = x – 2x + 3 x -6 . T e n tu k a n la h :

a . f (x ) + g (x )

b . f (x ) - g (x )

c . f (x ) x g (x )

J aw ab an :

2 2
2 . D ik e ta h u i f (x ) = x – x + 3 , g (x ) = 2 x + 2 x – 1 . T e n t u k a n la h :

a . 2 [ f (x )] + 3 [ g (x )]

b . 5 [ f (x ) – g (x )] x 4 [ g (x )]

c . {[ f (x ) x g (x )] – 2 f (x )} x g (x )

J aw ab an :

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P em b a g ia n p o lin o m ia l

P e m b a g i a n s u k u b a n y a k P ( x ) o le h ( x – a ) d a p a t d i t u li s s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

Y a n g d i b a g i = p e m b a g i x h a s i l b a g i + s is a p e m b a g i a n

P (x ) = (x – a ) . H (x ) + S

K e te rang an:
H (x ) a d a la h h a s il p e m b a g ia n
P (x ) s u k u b a n y a k y a n g d ib a g i
S a d a la h s i s a p e m b a g i a n
( x – a ) a d a la h p e m b a g i

 P em b a g ia n su k u ba n y a k P (x ) d e n g a n (x – a )

P e m b a g i a n s u k u b a n y a k P ( x ) d e n g a n p e m b a g i Q ( x ) = x – a m e n g h a s i lk a n h a s i l b a g i

H (x ) d a n s is a S (x ) b e r d e r a ja t n o l a t a u H (x ) = k o n s ta n ta , s e b a g a i b e r ik u t:

Pe ne n tua n h a s il b a g i H (x ) d an S (x ) d a r i p e m b a g ia n P (x ) d engan (x – a) d apat

d i la k u k a n d engan 3 c ara y a it u operasi a lj a b a r , b ersusun keb aw ah d an b agan

h orner.

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!

1. T e n tu k a n h a s il b a g i H (x ) d a n s is a S (x ) d a r i p e m b a g ia n d engan

jaw ab an :

Cara b ersusun ke b aw ah

3 2
x – 1 x + 2x – 3 = x + x + 3
3 2
x – x
2
x + 2x – 3
2
x – x

3x – 3

3x – 3

J a d i h a s il b a g i d a n s is a

B agan h orner
x = 1 1 0 2 -3
0 1 1 3

1 1 3 0 = > s is a

J a d i h a s il b a g i d a n s is a

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C a r a o p e r a s i a lj a b a r

P o li n o m i a l

Pem b agi

H a s il b a g i

S is a

B e r d a s a r k a n d e f e n i s i d ip e r o le h :

B e r d a s a r k a n a t u r a n k e s a m a a n d u a s u k u b a n y a k d i p e r o le h :

K o e f is ie n

K o e f is ie n

K o e f is ie n

K o e f is ie n

J a d i h a s il b a g i d a n s is a

 P em b a g ia n su k u ba n y a k P (x ) d e n g a n (a x – b)

J ik a P (x ) d ib a g i d engan (a x – b ), m aka h a s il b a g in y a jik a m enggunakan b agan

h o r n e r a d a la h d a n s is a n y a P (b / a ), d e n g a n H (x ) h a s il b a g i d a r i p e m b a g ia n P (x )

d e n g a n (x – b / a ).

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!

1. T e ntuk an h a s il b a g i H (x ) d an s is a S (x ) d ari p e m b a g ia n d engan

jaw ab an :

Cara b ersusun ke b aw ah

3 2
2x + 1 x + 2x – 3 = 1/2 x - 1/4 x + 9 /8
3 2
x + 1/2 x
2
-1/2 x + 2x – 3
2
-1/2 x - 1/4 x

9/4x – 3

9/4x + 9/8

-3 3 /8

J a d i h a s il b a g i y a itu d a n s is a

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B agan h orner
x = -1 /2 1 0 2 -3
0 -1 /2 1 /4 - 9 /8

1 -1 /2 9 /4 -3 3 /8 = > s is a

J a d i h a s il b a g i jik a m e n g g u n a k a n b a g a n h o r n e r y a it u d engan a = 2

m a k a h a s il d a n s is a

C a r a o p e r a s i a lj a b a r

P o li n o m i a l

Pem b agi

H a s il b a g i

S is a

B e r d a s a r k a n d e f e n i s i d ip e r o le h :

B e r d a s a r k a n a t u r a n k e s a m a a n d u a s u k u b a n y a k d i p e r o le h :

K o e f is ie n

K o e f is ie n

K o e f is ie n

J a d i h a s il b a g i y a itu d a n s is a

 P em b a g ia n su k u ba n y a k d en ga n

M e to d e p em b a g ia n s in te tik atau b agan h orner d apat d ig u n a k a n un tuk

m e ne ntuk a n h a s il b agi d an s is a d ari p e m b a g ia n suku b anyak ya ng b e rb e ntuk

d a n la i n n y a d e n g a n s y a r a t :

B agan H orner

B agan h orner h a n y a d a p a t d ig u n a k a n u ntuk pem b agi yang d a p a t d if a k to r k a n

s aja. M i s a lk a n P (x ) d ib a g i d engan suku b a nyak yang d apat

d if a k to r k a n , d engan H a s il b agi a d a la h d an s is a n y a

B a g a n H o r n e r -k in o

M e to d e in i m e r u p a k a n p e n g e m b a n g a n d a r i b a g a n h o r n e r y a n g te r b a ta s h a n y a

untuk p e m b a g ia n y a n g b is a d i f a k t o r k a n . B a g a n h o r n e r - k i n o d a p a t d i t e r a p k a n

unt uk p e m b ag i ap ap un jug a.

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P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!

1. T e n tu k a n h a s il b a g i d ib a g i !

J aw ab an :

Cara b ersusun ke b aw ah

d ib a g i !

2 4 2 2
x – x – 2 x – 3x + 2x – 1 = x + x h a sil b a g i
4 3 2
x - x – 2x
3 2
x – x + 2x - 1
3 2
x - x - 2x

4x – 1 s is a

J a d i d i d a p a t k a n h a s i ln y a a d a l a h d a n s i s a a d a la h

B agan h orner

Pem b agi d a p a t d if a k to r k a n m e n ja d i :

2 1 0 -3 2 -1

0 2 4 2 8

1 2 1 4 7 S is a 1

-1 0 -1 -1 0

1 1 0 4 S is a 2

J a d i d i d a p a t k a n h a s i ln y a a d a l a h d a n s i s a a d a la h

B a g a n h o r n e r -k in o

Pem b agi , d i c a r i n i la i d an s e p e r ti b er ik u t:

a = 1 , b = -1 d a n c = - 2 , s e h in g g a :

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2 1 0 -3 2 -1

0 0 2 2 0

1 0 1 1 0 0

1 1 0 4 -1 s is a

J a d i d i d a p a t k a n h a s i ln y a a d a l a h d a n s i s a a d a la h

K e r ja k a n la tih a n d i ba w a h in i!

L a tih a n

T e n tu k a n h a s il b a g i H (x ) d a n s is a S (x ) d a r i p e m b a g ia n d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n c a r a

b e r s u s u n , b a g a n h o r n e r d a n b a g a n h o r n e r k in o !

1. d ib a g i

J aw ab an :

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M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

2. d ib a g i

J aw ab an :

3. d ib a g i

J aw ab an :

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4. d ib a g i

J aw ab an :

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T eo rem a S isa

p o lin o m ia l
J ik a s u k u b a n y a k P (x ) d ib a g i (x – a ) s i s a n y a P ( a ) , d i b a g i ( x + a ) s is a n y a P ( - a ) d a n d i b a g i

(a x – b ) s is a n y a P (b / a )

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!
3 2
1. T e n tu k a n s is a n y a jik a 2 x – x + 7x + 6 d ib ag i (x + 1 ) !
3 2
2 . T e n tu k a n s is a d a n h a s il b a g in y a jik a x + 4x - 5 x – 8 d ib a g i (x – 2 ) !
4 3 2
3 . T e n t u k a n n i la i m supaya 4x – 12 x + m x + 2 h a b is d ib a g i (2 x – 1 ) !

J aw ab an :

3 2
1. S is a n y a jik a 2 x – x + 7x + 6 d ib a g i ( x + 1 ) a d a la h
3 2
P ( - 1 ) = 2 .( - 1 ) – (-1 ) + 7 (-1 ) + 6

= - 2 – 1 – 7 + 6

= -4

3 2
2 . S is a d a n h a s il b a g in y a jik a x + 4x - 5 x – 8 d ib a g i ( x – 2 ) a d a la h

d e n g a n te o r e m a s is a, k ita d a p a tk a n s is a n y a , y a itu

P (2 ) = 8 + 1 6 - 1 0 - 8

= 6

ta p i u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n h a s il b a g in y a k ita g u n a k a n : P e m b a g ia n H o r n e r :

2 1 4 -5 -8

0 2 12 14

1 6 7 6
2
S e h in g g a d id a p a tk a n h a s il b a g in y a y a itu x + 6x + 7

4 3 2
3 . N i la i m supaya 4x – 12 x + m x + 2 h a b i s d i b a g i 2 x – 1 a d a la h

h a b is d ib a g i b e r a r ti → S = 0

s e h in g g a P (½ ) = 0

4 3 2
4 (½ ) – 1 2 (½ ) + m (½ ) + 2 = 0

¼ - 1½ + ¼ m + 2 = 0

¼ m = - ¼ + 1 ½ - 2 ( d i k a li 4 )

m = -1 + 6 – 8

m = -3

J a d i d i d a p a t n i la i m = -3

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P em b a g ia n D en ga n (x – a )(x – b)

B e n t u k p e m b a g i a n n y a d a p a t d i t u li s s e b a g a i

P (x ) = (x – a )(x – b ) H (x ) + S (x )

B e r a r ti: u n tu k x = a , P (a ) = S (a ) d a n u n tu k x = b ,P (b ) = S (b )

C a ta t a n : S (x ) b e r d e r a ja t 1 , m is a l p x + q

P erh a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i ba w a h in i!
4 3 2 2
1. T e n tu k a n s is a s u k u b a n y a k (x – 3x – 5x + x – 6 ) d ib a g i (x – x – 2) !

2 . S u a t u s u k u b a n y a k b i la d i b a g i o le h x + 2 b e r s i s a - 1 3 , d i b a g i o le h (x – 3 ) s is a n y a 7 .
2
S u k u b a n y a k t e r s e b u t b i la d i b a g i o le h x – x - 6 b e r s is a …
3 2 3 2
3 . J ik a s u k u b a n y a k x – x + px + 7 d a n suku b anyak 2x + 3x - 4x – 1 d ib a g i (x + 1 )

a k a n d i p e r o le h s i s a y a n g s a m a , m a k a n i la i p s a m a d e n g a n …
3 2 2
4 . J ik a s u k u b a n y a k P (x ) = 2 x + ax - b x + 3 d i b a g i o le h ( x – 4 ) m e m b e r i s is a (x + 2 3 ),

m a k a a + b a d a la h ...

J aw ab an :
2
1. B e n t u k p e m b a g i a n d i t u li s : P ( x ) = ( x – x – 2 )H (x ) + S (x ) k a r e n a p e m b a g i

b e r d e r a ja t 2 m a k a s is a = S (x ) b e rd e r a ja t 1 ,

m i s a l: s i s a n y a p x + q

s e h i n g g a b e n t u k p e m b a g i a n d i t u li s :

4 3 2 2
 x – 3x – 5x + x – 6 = (x – x – 2 ) .H (x ) + p x + q
4 3 2
 x – 3x – 5x + x – 6 = (x + 1 )(x – 2 ).H (x ) + p x + q

P (x ) d ib a g i (x + 1 ) b e r sis a P (-1 )

P ( x ) d i b a g i ( x – 2 ) b e r s is a P ( 2 )

4 3 2
P (-1 ) = (-1 ) – 3 (-1 ) – 5 (-1 ) + (-1 ) – 6

= 1 + 3 – 5 – 1 – 6

= -8

P (2 ) = 2 4 – 3 .2 3 – 5 .2 2 + 2 – 6

= 16 – 2 4 – 2 0 + 2 – 6

= -3 2

P (x ) = px + q

P (-1 ) = -p + q = -8

P (2 ) = 2 p + q = -3 2

-3 p = 24  p = -8

p = -8 d is u b s titu s i k e

–p + q = -8

8 + q = -8  q = -16

S is a : p x + q = -8 x + (-1 6 ) J a d i s is a p em b a g ia n n y a : -8 x -1 6

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2 . M is a l s is a n y a : S (x ) = a x + b ,

P (x ): (x + 2 )  S (-2 ) = -1 3  - 2 a + b = -13

P (x ): (x – 3 )  S (3 ) = 7  3a + b = 7

-5 a = -2 0  a = 4

a = 4 d is u b s titu s i k e -2 a + b = -1 3

-8 + b = -13

b = -5

J a d i s i s a n y a a d a la h : a x + b = 4x - 5

3 2
3. x – x + p x + 7 d ib a g i (x + 1 )

S is a n y a P ( -1 ) = -1 -1 – p + 7

= 5 - p
3 2
2x + 3x - 4 x – 1 d ib a g i (x + 1 )

S is a n y a P ( -1 ) = -2 + 3 + 4 – 1

= 4

K a r e n a s is a n y a s a m a ,

B e rarti 5 – p = 4

- p = 4 – 5

p = 1

j a d i d i d a p a t k a n n i la i p a d a la h 1 .

3 2
4 . P (x ) = 2 x + ax - b x + 3
2
P (x ) : (x – 4)  s is a = x + 2 3
2
P e m b a g i : (x – 4 ) = (x + 2 )(x – 2 )

M aka: E li m i n a s i p e r s ( 1 ) d a n ( 2 )
P (x ):(x + 2 )  s is a = P (-2 )

-16 + 4 a + 2 b + 3 = (-2 ) + 2 3
4a + 2b = 34
4a + 2b = 2 1 + 13 4a – 2b = 6
4 a + 2 b = 3 4 . . . (1 ) 8a = 40

 a = 5
3 2
P (x ) = 2 x + ax - b x + 3
2
P (x ) : x - 4  s is a = x + 2 3 a = 5 d is u b s titu s i k e 4 a – 2 b = 6
2
Pem b agi : x -4 = (x + 2 )(x – 2 ) 20 – 2b = 6

- 2 b = -14
M aka:  b = 7
P (x ):(x – 2 )  s is a = P (2 )

16 + 4 a – 2 b + 3 = 2 + 2 3
J ad i a + b = 5 + 7 = 12
4 a – 2 b + 19 = 2 5

4 a – 2 b = 2 5 – 19

4 a – 2 b = 6 . . . (2 )

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K e r ja k a n la tih a n d i ba w a h in i!

L a tih a n

4 3 2 2
1. T e n tu k a n s is a s u k u b a n y a k (x – 9x – 3x + 4 x – 1 ) d ib a g i (x – x – 6) !

J aw ab an :

2 . S uatu suk u b a nyak b i la d i b a g i o le h x + 1 b e r s i s a - 1 5 , d i b a g i o le h (x – 2) sis a n y a 8.

2
S u k u b a n y a k t e r s e b u t b i la d i b a g i o le h x – x - 2 b e r s is a …

J aw ab an :

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M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

3 2 3 2
3 . J ik a s u k u b a n y a k x – px + 2x + 5 d an suku b anyak 2x + 3x - 4x – 1 d ib a g i ( x - 1 )

a k a n d i p e r o le h s i s a y a n g s a m a , m a k a n i la i p s a m a d e n g a n …

J aw ab an :

3 2 2
4 . J ik a s u k u b a n y a k P (x ) = 3 x + ax - b x + 5 d i b a g i o le h (x – 9 ) m e m b e r i s is a ( x + 3 ) ,

m a k a a + b a d a la h ...

J aw ab an :

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T eo rem a F a k to r

ffF ffS isp o lin o m i

J i k a f ( x ) a d a la h suku b a n y a k ; (x – k) m erupakan fak to r d a r i f (x ) jik a d a n h a n y a jik a
a l
f (k ) = 0 . A r tin y a : J ik a (x – k) m erupakan f a k t o r , m a k a n i la i f ( k ) = 0 s e b a li k n y a , jik a

f (k ) = 0 m a k a (x – k ) m e r u p a k a n f a k to r .

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!
3 2
1. T u n ju k a n (x + 1 ) f a k to r d a r i x + 4x + 2x – 1 !
3 2
2 . T e n tu k a n f a k to r -f a k to r d a r i P (x ) = 2 x – x – 7x + 6 !
3 2
3 . T e n tu k a n f a k to r -f a k to r d a r i P (x ) = 2 x + 11x – 7x – 6 !

J aw ab an :

1. (x + 1 ) f a k to r n y a , b e r a r ti P (-1 ) = 0
3 2
P (-1 ) = (-1 ) + 4 (-1 ) + 2 (-1 ) – 1

= -1 + 4 – 2 – 1 = 0

J a d i , ( x + 1 ) a d a la h f a k t o r n y a .
3 2
C a r a la i n u n t u k m e n u n j u k a n ( x + 1 ) a d a l a h fak to r d ari x + 4x + 2x – 1

a d a la h d e n g a n b a g a n h o r n e r .

-1 1 4 2 -1

0 -1 -3 1

1 3 -1 0
3 2
K a r e n a s is a p e m b a g ia n n y a 0 m a k a (x + 1 ) m e r ip a k a n f a c to r d a r i x + 4x

+ 2x – 1

2 . M i s a lk a n f a k t o r n y a ( x – k ) , m a k a n i la i k y a n g m u n g k i n a d a la h p e m b a g i

b u la t d a r i 6 , y a i t u p e m b a g i b u la t d a r i 6 a d a 8 y a i t u : ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 3 , d a n ± 6 .

N i la i - n i la i k i t u d i s u b s t i t u s i k a n k e P ( x ) , m i s a ln y a k = 1 d i p e r o le h :

3 2
P (1 ) = 2 .1 – 1 .1 – 7 .1 + 6

= 2 – 1 – 7 + 6

= 0

O le h k a r e n a P (1 ) = 0 , m a k a (x – 1 ) a d a la h s a la h sa tu f a k to r d a r i P (x ) =
3 2
2x – x -7 x + 6 . U ntuk m e ncari fak to r yang la i n , k i t a te ntuk an h a s il

b a g i P ( x ) o le h ( x – 1 ) d e n g a n b a g a n h o r n e r :

1 2 -1 -7 6

0 2 1 -6

2 1 -6 0
2
H a s il b a g in y a : H (x ) = 2 x + x – 6 = (2 x – 3 )(x + 2 ) d e n g a n d e m ik ia n
3 2 2
2x – x – 7 x + 6 = (x – 1 )(2 x + x – 6)
3 2
2x – x – 7 x + 6 = (x – 1 )(2 x – 3 )(x + 2 )

J a d i f a k to r -f a k to r n y a a d a la h (x – 1 ), (2 x – 3 ) d a n (x + 2 )

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3 . M i s a lk a n f a k t o r n y a ( x – k ) , m a k a n i la i k y a n g m u n g k i n a d a la h p e m b a g i

b u la t d a r i 6 , y a i t u p e m b a g i b u la t d a r i 6 a d a 8 y a i t u : ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 3 , d a n ± 6 .

N i la i - n i la i k i t u d i s u b s t i t u s i k a n k e P ( x ) , m i s a ln y a k = 1 d i p e r o le h :

3 2
P (1 ) = 2 .1 + 1 1 .1 – 7 .1 - 6

= 2 + 11 – 7 - 6

= 0

O le h k a r e n a P ( 1 ) = 0 , m a k a ( x – 1 ) a d a la h s a la h satu fak to r d ar i P (x ) =
3 2
2x + 11 x -7 x - 6 . U n tuk m e ncar i fak to r yang la i n , k i t a t e n t u k a n h a s i l

b a g i P ( x ) o le h ( x – 1 ) d e n g a n b a g a n h o r n e r :

1 2 11 -7 -6

0 2 13 6

2 13 6 0

2
H a s il b a g in y a : H (x ) = 2 x + 1 3 x + 6 = (2 x + 1 )(x + 6 ) d e n g a n d e m ik ia n
3 2 2
2x – x – 7 x + 6 = (x – 1 )(2 x + 13 x + 6 )
3 2
2x – x – 7 x + 6 = (x – 1 )(2 x + 1 )(x + 6 )

J a d i f a k to r -f a k to r n y a a d a la h (x – 1 ), (2 x + 1 ) d a n (x + 6 )

A k a r -a k a r R a s i o n a l P o li n o m i a l

S a la h satu penggunaa n te o re m a fak to r a d a la h m encari ak ar -ak ar seb uah p e rsam aan

s u k u b a n y a k . J i k a P ( x ) a d a la h s u k u b a n y a k ; (x – k ) m e r u p a k a n f a k to r d a r i P (x ) jik a d a n

h a n y a jik a k a k a r d a r i p e rs a m a a n P (k ) = 0

k d i s e b u t a k a r a t a u n i la i n o l d a r i p e r s a m a a n s u k u b a n y a k : P ( x ) = 0

 T e o re m a A k a r -a k a r R a sio n a l

J ik a d an (x – k) m erup ak an faktor

d a r i P (x ) m a k a k m e r u p a k a n a k a r d a ri P (x ).

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!
3
1. T u n j u k a n - 3 a d a la h s a la h s a t u a k a r d a r i x – 7x + 6 . K e m u d ia n te n tu k a n a k a r -

a k a r y a n g la i n !
4 3 2
2. Persam aan x + 2x – 7x – 2 0 x – 12 = 0 m e m p unyai ak ar - ak ar x = -2 d a n x = 3 .

T e n t u k a n a k a r la i n n y a !
4 2
3 . T e n t u k a n h i m p u n a n p e n y e le s a i a n d a r i p e r s a m a a n p o li n o m i a l x - 15 x – 10x –

24 = 0 !

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J aw ab an :

1. U n tu k m e n u n ju k a n -3 a k a r d a r i P (x ), c u k u p k ita t u n j u k a n b a h w a

P (-3 ) = 0
3
P (x ) = x – 7x + 6.
3
P (-3 ) = (- 3 ) – 7 (-3 ) + 6

= -2 7 + 2 1 + 6

= 0

3
O le h k a r e n a P ( - 3 ) = 0 , m a k a - 3 a d a la h a k a r d a r i P e r s a m a a n P ( x ) = x –

7x + 6 . U ntuk m e ne ntuk a n ak ar -ak ar ya ng la i n , k ita te ntuk a n

3
t e r le b i h d a h u lu h a s il b a g i P (x ) = x – 7x + 6 d e n g a n (x + 3 ) s e b ag a i

b e r ik u t :

-3 1 0 -7 6

0 -3 9 -6

1 -3 2 0

2
H a s il b a g in y a : H (x ) = x – 3x + 2

= (x – 1 )(x – 2 )

S e h i n g g a p e r s a m a a n s u k u b a n y a k t s b d a p a t d i t u li s m e n j a d i :

(x + 3 )(x – 1 )(x – 2 ) = 0 .

J a d i a k a r - a k a r y a n g la i n a d a la h x = 1 d a n x = 2

2 . P e r s a m a a n k u a d r a t y a n g a k a r - a k a r n y a x = - 2 d a n x = 3 a d a la h
2
H (x ) = (x + 2 ) (x – 3) = x – x – 6 se b ag ai fak to r d ari p ersam aan
4 3 2
p o li n o m i a l x + 2x – 7x – 2 0 x – 12 = 0

B e r d a s a r k a n b a g a n h o r n e r - k i n o d i p e r le h f a k t o r la i n n y a :

1 2 -7 -2 0 -12

6 0 0 6 18 12

1 0 1 3 2 0

1 3 2 0 0

4 3 2
H a l in i b e r a r ti x + 2x – 7x – 2 0 x – 12 = 0
2
(x + 2 ) (x – 3 ) (x + 3x + 2) = 0

(x + 2 ) (x – 3 ) (x + 2 ) (x + 1 ) = 0

J a d i a k a r y a n g la i n n y a a d a la h x = - 2 d a n x = - 1

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4 2
3 . m i s a lk a n f ( x ) = x - 15 x – 10 x – 2 4

L a k u k a n la n g k a h (1 )

J u m la h k o o f i s i e n - k o e f i s i e n f ( x ) = 1 - 1 5 – 1 0 + 2 4 = 0

J a d i, x = 1 m erup ak an akar d ari f (x ) = 0. B e r d as a r k a n b agan

h orner:

1 0 -15 -10 24

1 0 1 1 -14 -2 4

1 1 -14 -2 4 0

3 2
h a s il b a g i g (x ) = x + x – 14 x – 2 4

L a k u k a n k e m b a li la n g k a h ( 1 )

J u m la h k o o f i s i e n - k o e f i s i e n g ( x ) = 1 + 1 – 1 4 - 2 4 = 0

P e r h a tik a n f a k to r -f a k to r d a r i 2 4

F a k t o r - f a k t o r d a r i 2 4 a d a la h .

C o b a x = 2 d e n g a n h o r n e r , d ip e r o le h :

1 1 -14 -2 4

-2 0 -2 2 24

1 -1 -12 0

M ak a x = -2 m e r up ak an ak ar nya.
2
S e h in g g a h (x ) = x – x - 1 2 = (x – 4 ) (x + 3 )

x = 4 d an x = -3

4 2
ak ar -ak ar p e r s am aan x - 15 x – 1 0 x – 2 4 = 0 a d a la h 1 , - 2 , 4 d a n - 3
2
s e h in g g a H P d a r i - 1 5 x – 1 0 x – 2 4 = 0 a d a la h { - 3 , - 2 , 1 , 4 }

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 J u m la h d a n h a sil A k a r -a k a r P e r sa m a a n S u k u B a n y a k

3 2
J ik a a k a r -a k a r P e r s a m a a n S u k u b a n y a k : a x + b x + c x + d = 0 a d a la h x 1, x 2 , d an

x 3 m aka :

P e r h a tik a n C o n to h S o a l d i b a w a h in i!
3 2
1. J u m la h a k a r - a k a r p e r s a m a a n x – 3x + 2 = 0 a d a la h . . .
3 2
2 . H a s i l k a li a k a r - a k a r p e r s a m a a n 2 x – x + 5 x – 8 = 0 a d a la h . . .
3 2
3 . S a la h satu ak ar p e rsam aan x + px – 3 x – 10 = 0 a d a la h -2 j u m la h ak ar -ak ar

p e r s a m a a n t e r s e b u t a d a la h . . .
3 2 2 2
4 . A k a r -a k a r p e r s am a a n x – 4x + x – 4 = 0 a d a la h x 1 , x 2 , d an x 3 . N ila i x 1 + x 2 +
2
x 3 a d a la h . .

J aw ab an :

1. a = 1, b = -3 , c = 0 , d = 2

x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = -b /a

= -3 /1

= 3

2 . a = 2 , b = -1, c = 5 , d = -8

x 1.x 2 .x 3 = c/a

= 5/2
3 2
3 . - 2 a d a la h a k a r p e r s a m a a n x + px – 3 x - 10 = 0 → -2 m e m e nuh i

p e rsam aan tsb .

3 2
s e h in g g a : (-2 ) + p (-2 ) – 3 (-2 ) – 1 0 = 0

-8 + 4 p + 6 – 10 = 0

-8 + 4 p + 6 – 10 = 0

4 p – 12 = 0  4 p = 12  p = 3
3 2
Pe rsam aan te rse b ut: x + 3x – 3 x – 10 = 0

J u m la h a k a r - a k a r n y a : x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = -b /a = -3

4. x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 4

x 1x 2 + x 1x 3 + x 2 x 3 = 1

J a d i:
2 2 2 2
x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = (x 1 + x 2 + x 3 ) - 2 (x 1x 2 + x 1x 3 + x 2 x 3 )
2
= 4 – 2 .1

= 16 – 2

= 14

IG : @ a k h m e d _ a l .f a j r 26
M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

K e r ja k a n la tih a n d i ba w a h in i!

L a tih a n

3 2
1. T u n j u k a n b a h w a 1 a d a la h a k a r p e r s a m a a n d a r i y – 9y + 2 0 y – 12 =0 d an te ntuk an

a k a r - a k a r la i n n y a !

J aw ab an :

3 2
2 . J i k a - 2 a d a la h ak ar -ak ar p e r s am aan d ar i 2 x – 7x – m x - 1 2 = 0 . T e n t u k a n la h akar-

ak ar p e rsam aan te rse b ut !

J aw ab an :

IG : @ a k h m e d _ a l .f a j r 27
M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

3. d an m e r up ak an ak ar -ak ar p e r s am aan . J ik a , m aka

n i la i a d a la h . . .

J aw ab an :

4 . S a la h satu ak ar d ari p ersam aan a d a la h - 2 . H a s i l k a li

k e d u a a k a r la i n n y a a d a l a h . . .

J aw ab an :

IG : @ a k h m e d _ a l .f a j r 28
M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

L a tih a n

4 3 2
1. N i la i s i s a d a r i f ( x ) = x + x - 2x + x + 2 j ik a d i b a g i ( x + 2 ) a d a la h . . .

J aw ab an :

2 2
2. H a s il b a g i d a n s is a d a r i 2x - 5x + 2 x - 4 d i b a g i ( x + 2 ) a d a la h . . .

J aw ab an :

2 3 2
3. N i la i J i k a f ( x ) = 4 x - 12 x + 13 x - 8 x + a h a b i s d i b a g i ( 2 x - 1 ) , m a k a n i la i a a d a la h .

. .

J aw ab an :

IG : @ a k h m e d _ a l .f a j r 29
M a t e m a t ik a P e m in a ta n K e la s 11 M IA 20 19 /20 20

3 2 2
4 . J ik a x - 4x + px + 6 d an x + 3x - 2 d ib a g i (x + 1 ) m e m b e r ik a n s is a y a n g sam a,

n i la i p a d a la h . . .

J aw ab an :

5. S uku b anyak F (x ) jik a d ib a g i o le h (x -3 ) s is a n y a 8 d an jik a d i b a g i o le h (x -2 )

2
s is a n y a -7 . M a k a jik a s u k u b a n y a k i t u d i b a g i o le h x – x - 6 , s i s a n y a a d a la h . . .

J aw ab an :

IG : @ a k h m e d _ a l .f a j r 30