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Universidad

del Valle DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA

ESTADISTICA APLICADA AL ANALISIS QUIMICO

FORMULAS Y TABLAS UTILES


Lo Básico

n n

 xi (x  x)
2
i s
i 1 i 1
% RSD  100
x s x
n n1
2
sx ts  ts 
sm  IC  x  n 
n n  C

x
z x  s 

Prueba t para Comparar una Media Contra un Valor de Referencia

x n
t
s

Prueba t para Comparar Dos Medias

x1  x2
t f1s12  f 2 s22
1   2 1 1 s 
2
f  f1  f 2
s  f1  f 2
n1 n2

fs 2
i i n
s2  i 1
n
f   fi
f
i 1
i
i 1

Pág. 1 de 9
2
 s12 s 22 
  
x1  x 2 n n
t f   12 2  2  2
1   2 s12 s 22  s12   s 22 
    
n1 n 2  n1    n2 
n1  1 n2  1

Prueba F
s12
F s1 s 2
s22

Propagación del Error Aleatorio

2 2 2
R  f  x, y , z
 R   R   R 
sR2    s x2    s 2y    s z2
 x   y   z 

R  x yz sR  s x2  s y2  s z2

2 2 2

R  x
y sR s  s  s 
  x    y    z 
z R x  y z

Algunas derivadas útiles

d un du d ln u 1 du d eu du
 nu n 1   eu
dx dx dx u dx dx dx

Regresión Lineal No-Ponderada

S xy r n2
r t
S xx S yy 1 r2

n
S xy   ( xi  x )( yi  y ) S xx   (x i  x)
2
S yy  (y i  y)
2

i 1

S xy
b a  y  bx
S xx

sR 
(y i  yˆ i ) 2

S yy  b 2 S xx
n2 n2

Pág. 2 de 9
SR
sb  ICb  b  tsb
S xx

1 x2
sa  S R  ICa  a  tsa
n S xx

yo  a s 1 1  y0  y  1
2

xo  s x0  R    IC x0  xo  ts x0
b b m n  b  S xx

sB
y D  y B  ksB CD  k
b

Adición de Estándar

a 2
sR 1 y
xE  sx  
b E b n b2S
xx

Comparación de Sensibilidades

b1  b 2
t f1 s R21  f 2 s R2 2
1 1 s R2  f  f1  f 2
sR  f1  f 2
Sxx1 Sxx 2

Regresión Lineal Ponderada

si2
wi  1 1
1 xw   wi xi yw   wi yi
n
 si 2 n n

S wxy
b a  y w  bx w
S wxx

S wxy  w x y i i i  nx w y w S wxx   wi xi2  nx w2 S wyy   wi y i2  ny w2

S wyy  b 2 S wxx s wR 1 1 ( y0  y w ) 2
s wR  s xw 0    IC x0  xo  ts xw0
n2 b w0 n b 2 S wxx

Pág. 3 de 9
s wR
s wb  ICb  b  tswb
S wxx

1 x w2
s wa  s wR  ICa  a  ts wa
n S wxx

Corrección del Error Sistemático

As (Ox  OB )  As
Ax  Ox  Os  As Ax  Ox  Ax 
Os Os  OB

Pág. 4 de 9
TABLA DE DISTRIBUCION NORMAL

Standardized value = (value – mean)/SD


Standardized

Standardized

Standardized

Standardized

Standardized

Standardized
Standardized
% exceeding

% exceeding

% exceeding

% exceeding

% exceeding

% exceeding

% exceeding
the value

the value

the value

the value

the value

the value

the value
value

value
value

value

value

value

value
0.000 50.0 0.842 20.0 1.645 5.0 2.054 2.00 2.575 0.50 2.877 0.200 3.287 0.050
0.025 49.0 0.860 19.5 1.655 4.9 2.064 1.95 2.582 0.49 2.885 0.195 3.317 0.045
0.050 48.0 0.878 19.0 1.664 4.8 2.075 1.90 2.589 0.48 2.893 0.190 3.349 0.040
0.075 47.0 0.896 18.5 1.675 4.7 2.086 1.85 2.597 0.47 2.901 0.185 3.385 0.035
0.101 46.0 0.915 18.0 1.685 4.6 2.097 1.80 2.604 0.46 2.910 0.180 3.427 0.030
0.126 45.0 0.935 17.5 1.695 4.5 2.108 1.75 2.612 0.45 2.919 0.175 3.476 0.025
0.151 44.0 0.954 17.0 1.706 4.4 2.120 1.70 2.619 0.44 2.928 0.170 3.534 0.020
0.176 43.0 0.974 16.5 1.717 4.3 2.132 1.65 2.627 0.43 2.937 0.165 3.607 0.015
0.202 42.0 0.994 16.0 1.728 4.2 2.144 1.60 2.635 0.42 2.946 0.160 3.707 0.010
0.228 41.0 1.015 15.5 1.739 4.1 2.157 1.55 2.643 0.41 2.956 0.155 3.869 0.005
0.253 40.0 1.036 15.0 1.751 4.0 2.170 1.50 2.652 0.40 2.966 0.150
0.279 39.0 1.058 14.5 1.762 3.9 2.183 1.45 2.660 0.39 2.977 0.145
0.305 38.0 1.080 14.0 1.774 3.8 2.197 1.40 2.669 0.38 2.987 0.140
0.332 37.0 1.103 13.5 1.786 3.7 2.211 1.35 2.678 0.37 2.998 0.135
0.358 36.0 1.126 13.0 1.799 3.6 2.226 1.30 2.687 0.36 3.010 0.130
0.385 35.0 1.150 12.5 1.812 3.5 2.241 1.25 2.696 0.35 3.022 0.125
0.412 34.0 1.175 12.0 1.825 3.4 2.257 1.20 2.706 0.34 3.034 0.120
0.440 33.0 1.200 11.5 1.838 3.3 2.273 1.15 2.716 0.33 3.047 0.115
0.468 32.0 1.226 11.0 1.852 3.2 2.290 1.10 2.726 0.32 3.060 0.110
0.496 31.0 1.254 10.5 1.866 3.1 2.308 1.05 2.736 0.31 3.074 0.105
0.524 30.0 1.282 10.0 1.881 3.0 2.326 1.00 2.747 0.30 3.089 0.100
0.553 29.0 1.311 9.5 1.896 2.9 2.345 0.95 2.758 0.29 3.104 0.095
0.583 28.0 1.341 9.0 1.911 2.8 2.365 0.90 2.770 0.28 3.120 0.090
0.613 27.0 1.372 8.5 1.927 2.7 2.386 0.85 2.781 0.27 3.136 0.085
0.643 26.0 1.405 8.0 1.943 2.6 2.409 0.80 2.794 0.26 3.154 0.080
0.674 25.0 1.439 7.5 1.960 2.5 2.432 0.75 2.806 0.25 3.172 0.075
0.706 24.0 1.476 7.0 1.977 2.4 2.457 0.70 2.819 0.24 3.192 0.070
0.739 23.0 1.514 6.5 1.995 2.3 2.483 0.65 2.833 0.23 3.214 0.065
0.772 22.0 1.555 6.0 2.014 2.2 2.512 0.60 2.847 0.22 3.237 0.060
0.806 21.0 1.598 5.5 2.033 2.1 2.542 0.55 2.862 0.21 3.261 0.055

Pág. 5 de 9
Critical values for the t-test
Significance level
Two-sided test One-sided-test
Degrees 10% 5% 1% 10% 5% 1%
of freedom (0.10) (0.05) (0.01) (0.10) (0.05) (0.01)
1 6.31 12.71 63.66 3.08 6.31 31.82
2 2.92 4.30 9.92 1.89 2.92 6.97
3 2.35 3.18 5.84 1.64 2.35 4.54
4 2.13 2.78 4.60 1.53 2.13 3.75
5 2.02 2.57 4.03 1.48 2.02 3.36
6 1.94 2.45 3.71 1.44 1.94 3.14
7 1.89 2.36 3.50 1.42 1.89 3.00
8 1.86 2.31 3.36 1.40 1.86 2.90
9 1.83 2.26 3.25 1.38 1.83 2.82
10 1.81 2.23 3.17 1.37 1.81 2.76
11 1.80 2.20 3.11 1.36 1.80 2.72
12 1.78 2.18 3.06 1.36 1.78 2.68
13 1.77 2.16 3.01 1.35 1.77 2.65
14 1.76 2.15 2.98 1.35 1.76 2.62
15 1.75 2.13 2.95 1.34 1.75 2.60
16 1.75 2.12 2.92 1.34 1.75 2.58
17 1.74 2.11 2.90 1.33 1.74 2.57
18 1.73 2.10 2.88 1.33 1.73 2.55
19 1.73 2.09 2.86 1.33 1.73 2.54
20 1.72 2.08 2.85 1.32 1.72 2.53
25 1.71 2.06 2.78 1.32 1.71 2.49
30 1.70 2.04 2.75 1.31 1.70 2.46
40 1.68 2.02 2.70 1.30 1.68 2.42
60 1.67 2.00 2.66 1.30 1.67 2.39
120 1.66 1.98 2.62 1.29 1.66 2.36
Infinite 1.64 1.96 2.58 1.28 1.64 2.33

Pág. 6 de 9
Critical values for the F-test
(A) One-sided at 5% significance level
Degrees of
freedom for
Degrees of freedom for larger variance
smaller
variance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 60 Infinity
1 161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.9 243.9 246.0 248.0 252.2 y254.3
2 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.48 19.50
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.74 8.70 8.66 8.57 8.53
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6.00 5.96 5.91 5.86 5.80 5.69 5.63
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.68 4.62 4.56 4.43 4.36
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.10 4.06 4.00 3.94 3.87 3.74 3.67
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.30 3.23
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.01 2.93
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.07 3.01 2.94 2.79 2.71
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.62 2.54
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.80 2.75 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.38 2.30
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.48 2.40 2.33 2.16 2.07
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.49 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.20 2.12 1.95 1.84
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.10 2.04 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 1.53 1.39
Infinity 3.84 3.00 2.60 2.37 2.21 2.10 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.75 1.67 1.57 1.32 1.00

(B) One-sided at 1% significance level


Degrees of
freedom for Degrees of freedom for larger variance
smaller
variance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 60 Infinity
1 4052 5000 5403 5625 5764 5859 5928 5982 6022 6056 6106 6157 6209 6313 y6366
2 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.37 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.48 99.50
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.35 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.32 26.13
4 21.20 1800 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.65 13.46
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.89 9.72 9.55 9.20 9.02
6 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.72 7.56 7.40 7.06 6.88
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.47 6.31 6.16 5.82 5.65
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.67 5.52 5.36 5.03 4.86
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5.11 4.96 4.81 4.48 4.31
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.71 4.56 4.41 4.08 3.91
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4.16 4.01 3.86 3.54 3.36
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.67 3.52 3.37 3.05 2.87
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3.23 3.09 2.94 2.61 2.42
60 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.50 2.35 2.20 1.84 1.60
Infinity 6.63 4.61 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.64 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.18 2.04 1.88 1.47 1.00

Pág. 7 de 9
Critical values for the F-test (continued)
(C) Two-sided at 5% significance level
Degrees of
freedom for
Degrees of freedom for larger variance
smaller
variance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 60 Infinity
1 647.8 799.5 864.2 899.6 921.8 937.1 948.2 956.7 963.3 968.6 976.7 984.9 993.1 1010. yy
1018.0
2 38.51 0
39.00 39.17 39.25 39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39 39.40 39.41 39.43 39.45 39.48 39.50
3 17.44 16.04 15.44 15.10 14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47 14.42 14.34 14.25 14.17 13.99 13.90
4 12.22 10.65 9.98 9.60 9.36 9.20 9.07 8.98 8.90 8.84 8.75 8.66 8.56 8.36 8.26
5 10.01 8.43 7.76 7.39 7.15 6.98 6.85 6.76 6.68 6.62 6.52 6.43 6.33 6.12 6.02
6 8.81 7.26 6.60 6.23 5.99 5.82 5.70 5.60 5.52 5.46 5.37 5.27 5.17 4.96 4.85
7 8.07 6.54 5.89 5.52 5.29 5.12 4.99 4.90 4.82 4.76 4.67 4.57 4.47 4.25 4.14
8 7.57 6.06 5.42 5.05 4.82 4.65 4.53 4.43 4.36 4.30 4.20 4.10 4.00 3.78 3.67
9 7.21 5.71 5.08 4.72 4.48 4.32 4.20 4.10 4.03 3.96 3.87 3.77 3.67 3.45 3.33
10 6.94 5.46 4.83 4.47 4.24 4.07 3.95 3,85 3.78 3.72 3.62 3.52 3.42 3.20 3.08
12 6.55 5.10 4.47 4.12 3.89 3.73 3.61 3.51 3.44 3.37 3.28 3.18 3.07 2.85 2.72
15 6.20 4.77 4.15 3.80 3.58 3.41 3.29 3.20 3.12 3.06 2.96 2.86 2.76 2.52 2.40
20 5.87 4.46 3.86 3.51 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.91 2.84 2.77 2.68 2.57 2.46 2.22 2.09
60 5.29 3.93 3.34 3.01 2.79 2.63 2.51 2.41 2.33 2.27 2.17 2.06 1.94 1.67 1.48
Infinity 5.02 3.69 3.12 2.79 2.57 2.41 2.29 2.19 2.11 2.05 1.94 1.83 1.71 1.39 1.00

(D) Two-sided at 1% significance level


Degrees of
freedom for Degrees of freedom for larger variance
smaller
variance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 60 Infinity
1 16211 20000 2161 22500 23056 23437 23715 23925 24091 24224 24426 24630 24836 25253 25465
2 198.5 199.0 5
199.2 199.2 199.3 199.3 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.5 199.5
3 55.55 49.80 47.47 46.19 45.39 44.84 44.43 44.13 43.88 43.69 43.29 43.08 42.78 42.15 41.83
4 31.33 26.28 24.26 23.15 22.46 21.97 21.62 21.35 21.14 20.97 20.70 20.04 20.17 19.61 19.32
5 22.78 18.31 16.53 15.56 14.94 14.51 14.20 13.96 13.77 13.62 13.38 13.15 12.90 12.40 12.14
6 18.63 14.54 12.92 12.03 11.46 11.07 10.79 10.57 10.39 10.25 10.03 9.81 9.59 9.12 8.88
7 16.24 12.40 10.88 10.05 9.52 9.16 8.89 8.68 8.51 8.38 8.18 7.97 7.75 7.31 7.08
8 14.69 11.04 9.60 8.81 8.30 7.95 7.69 7.50 7.34 7.21 7.01 6.81 6.61 6.18 5.95
9 13.61 10.11 8.72 7.96 7.47 7.13 6.88 6.69 6.54 6.42 6.23 6.03 5.83 5.41 5.19
10 12.83 9.43 8.08 7.34 6.87 6.54 6.30 6.12 5.97 5.85 5.66 5.47 5.27 4.86 4.64
12 11.75 8.51 7.23 6.52 6.07 5.76 5.52 5.35 5.20 5.09 4.91 4.72 4.53 4.12 3.90
15 10.80 7.70 6.48 5.80 5.37 5.07 4.85 4.67 4.54 4.42 4.25 4.07 3.88 3.48 3.26
20 9.94 6.99 5.82 5.17 4.76 4.47 4.26 4.09 3.96 3.85 3.68 3.50 3.32 2.92 2.69
60 8.49 5.79 4.73 4.14 3.76 3.49 3.29 3.13 3.01 2.90 2.74 2.57 2.39 1.96 1.69
Infinity 7.88 5.30 4.28 3.72 3.35 3.09 2.90 2.74 2.62 2.52 2.36 2.19 2.00 1.53 1.00

Pág. 8 de 9
Critical values for Dixon's test
Critical values
n 5% 1%
3 0.970 0.994
4 0.829 0.926
5 0.710 0.821
6 0.628 0.740
7 0.569 0.680
8 0.608 0.717
9 0.564 0.672
10 0.530 0.635
11 0.502 0.605
12 0.479 0.579
13 0.611 0.697
14 0.586 0.670
15 0.565 0.647
16 0.546 0.627
17 0.529 0.610
18 0.514 0.594
19 0.501 0.580
20 0.489 0.567
21 0.478 0.555
22 0.468 0.544
23 0.459 0.535
24 0.451 0.526
25 0.443 0.517
26 0.436 0.510
27 0.429 0.502
28 0.423 0.495
29 0.417 0.489
30 0.412 0.483
31 0.407 0.477
32 0.402 0.472
33 0.397 0.467
34 0.393 0.462
35 0.388 0.458
36 0.384 0.454
37 0.381 0.450
38 0.377 0.446
39 0.374 0.442
40 0.371 0.438

Pág. 9 de 9

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