De thi chuyen Lop 10 Ly Tu Trong, 2016

II
Part 1.
16 B
make sense to be a sensible thing to do
It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.
There are strict medicals for pilots, which makes good sense.
17 C
clothing clothes, garments, articles of clothing, articles of dress, attire, garb, dress
garb [uncountable] (formal or humorous) clothes, especially unusual clothes or those
worn by a particular type of person
prison garb
He was dressed in Chinese garb and sporting a pigtail.
fibre [countable] one of the many thin threads that form body tissue, such as
muscle, and natural materials, such as wood and cotton
cotton/wood/nerve/muscle fibres
(literary)  She loved him with every fibre of her being.
18 C
in terms of something | in… terms used to show what aspect of a subject you are
talking about or how you are thinking about it
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
In practical terms this law may be difficult to enforce.
beat something, beat, beaten (rather informal) to do or be better than something
Nothing beats  home cooking.
They want to  beat the speed record (= go faster than anyone before).
regardless of prep paying no attention to something/somebody; treating
something/somebody as not being important
The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequences.
+ regardless of irrespective of
19 A
bulky adj (comparative bulkier, superlative bulkiest) (of a thing) large and difficult
to move or carry
Bulky items will be collected separately.
The key felt bulky in his pocket.
bulbous adj having the shape of a bulb; round and fat in an ugly way
a bulbous red nose
trunk (North American English) (British English boot) [countable] the space at the
back of a car that you put bags, cases, etc. in
He slammed the trunk shut.
She popped the trunk and we tossed the stuff inside.
trunk [countable] a large, strong box with a lid (= cover), used for storing or
transporting clothes, books, etc.
 I found the documents at the bottom of an old tin trunk in the attic.
She was packing her school trunk.
20 B
after all used when you are explaining something, or giving a reason
He should have paid. He suggested it, after all.
adolescent a young person who is developing from a child into an adult
adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 and the problems they face
Stop acting like an adolescent!
+ adolescent teenager, youngster
toddler a child who has only recently learnt to walk
We run a mother and toddler group in the mornings.
She was left at home with a toddler and a four-month-old baby to care for.
brat (informal, disapproving) a person, especially a child, who behaves badly
a  spoiled/spoilt brat
Why does that irritating little brat ask so many stupid questions?
offspring (plural offspring) (formal or humorous) a child of a particular person or
couple
the problems parents have with their teenage offspring
to produce/raise offspring
21
drought [uncountable, countable] a long period of time when there is little or no rain
Farmers are facing ruin after two years of severe drought.
one of the worst droughts on record
scorch (something) to become or to make something become dry and brown,
especially from the heat of the sun or from chemicals
scorched grass
The leaves will scorch if you water them in the sun.
22 C
embarrassed adj (of a person or their behaviour) shy, uncomfortable or ashamed,
especially in a social situation
I've never felt  so embarrassed in my life!
embarrassed about something She's embarrassed about her weight.
embarrassed about doing something I was embarrassed about talking to my
parents about it.
embarrassed at something She was embarrassed at her own behaviour.
embarrassed at doing something He felt embarrassed at being the centre of
attention.
embarrassed to do something I'm embarrassed to admit it, but I laughed.
ashamed / embarrassed
- You feel ashamed when you feel guilty because of something wrong that you have
deliberately done:
You should be ashamed of treating your daughter like that.
- Do not use ashamed when you are talking about something that is not very serious or
important:
 I am sorry that I forgot to buy the milk.
NOT I am ashamed that I forgot to buy the milk.
- You feel embarrassed when you have made a mistake or done something stupid or
feel uncomfortable in front of other people:
I was embarrassed about forgetting his name.
blunder a stupid or careless mistake
to make a terrible blunder a series of political blunders
one of the greatest policy blunders in history
impropriety U C (formal) behaviour or actions that are dishonest, morally wrong or
not appropriate for a person in a position of responsibility
There was no evidence of impropriety.
accusations of financial impropriety
He said that he would resign his post if the public felt he had engaged in
improprieties.
Opposite propriety
23 A
break new ground to make a new discovery or do something that has not been done
before
Her architectural designs have broken new ground.
24 B
stationary adj not moving; not intended to be moved
I remained stationary.
The car collided with a stationary vehicle.
a stationary exercise bike
Opposite mobile
stagnant adj not developing, growing or changing
SYNONYM static
a stagnant economy
a stagnant population
The housing market has been largely stagnant over the past few months.
25 A
come up with something [no passive] to find or produce an answer, a sum of money,
etc.
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
How soon can you come up with the money?
+ come up with produce, devise, think up
come out with something [no passive] to say something, especially something
surprising or rude
He came out with a stream of abuse.
She sometimes comes out with the most extraordinary remarks.
26 C
object to protest, protest against, express objections to, raise objections to, express
disapproval of, express disagreement with, oppose, be in opposition, resist
27 C
 be on good, friendly, bad, etc. terms (with somebody) to have a good, friendly, etc.
relationship with somebody
I had no idea that you and he were on such intimate terms (= were such close
friends).
He is still on excellent terms with his ex-wife.
I'm on first-name terms with my boss now (= we call each other by our first
names).
get on (also get along with somebody, get along (together) North American
English, British English) to have a friendly relationship with somebody
She's never really got on with her sister.
She and her sister have never really got on.
We get along just fine together.
get rid of dispose of, do away with, throw away, throw out, discard
28 B
stuffy adj (of a building, room, etc.) warm in an unpleasant way and without
enough fresh air
a stuffy room
It gets very hot and stuffy in here in summer.
Opposite airy
29 C
horrified adj extremely shocked or frightened
SYNONYM appalled
He was horrified when he discovered the conditions in which they lived.
She gazed at him in horrified disbelief.
frustrated adj feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve
what you want
It's very easy to get frustrated in this job.
His apathy just made her even more frustrated.
frustrated at/with something They felt frustrated at the lack of progress.
smash (something) to break something, or to be broken, violently and noisily into
many pieces
Several windows had been smashed.
He smashed the radio to pieces.
The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces.
+ smash break, break to pieces, shatter
30 A
not to mention used to introduce extra information and emphasize what you are
saying
He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France.
I admired her confidence, not to mention the fact that she was intelligent and
well spoken.
31 B 32 D
turn up to be found, especially by chance, after being lost
Don't worry about the letter—I'm sure it'll turn up.
 turn up (of a person) to arrive
We arranged to meet at 7.30, but she never turned up.
+ turn up arrive, appear, be present, turn out, informal  show up
Part 2
33 enthusiast
enthusiast a person who is very interested in something and spends a lot of
time doing it
a football enthusiast
enthusiast of something an enthusiast of jazz
enthusiast for something She was an enthusiast for early Italian art.
DIY [uncountable] the activity of making, repairing or decorating things in the home
yourself, instead of paying somebody to do it (the abbreviation for ‘do-it-yourself’)
a DIY store
My brother is a real DIY enthusiast.
take something/somebody  on to decide to do something; to agree to be responsible
for something/somebody
I can't take on any extra work.
We're not taking on any new clients at present.
take somebody on (especially British English) to employ somebody
to take on new staff
She was taken on as a trainee.
34 modernizing
modernize something to make a system, methods, etc. more modern and more
suitable for use at the present time
SYNONYM update
The company is investing $9 million to modernize its factories.
35 delightful
delightful adj very pleasant
SYNONYM charming
a delightful book/restaurant/town a delightful child
It was a delightful little fishing village.
delight in (doing) something [no passive] to enjoy doing something very much,
especially something that makes other people feel embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.
He delighted in beating them at their own game.
cottage a small house, especially in the country
a  thatched cottage
(British English) a holiday cottage
in a cottage James lived in a charming country cottage with roses around the
door.
36 employee
employ hire, engage, recruit, take on
employ use, utilize, make use of
37 extensively
extensively adv to a large degree; a great amount
 a spice used extensively in Eastern cooking
38 possession
possession [countable, usually plural] something that you own or have with you at a
particular time
SYNONYM belongings
Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions.
One of Jane's most prized possessions was her photo album.
39 arrangements 40 transformation
transform [transitive, intransitive] to change the form of something; to change in
form
SYNONYM convert
transform something/somebody (into something) The photochemical
reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.
transform something/somebody from something (into
something) Materials are transformed from their original state into other
forms.
transform (into something) I am convinced that the electric power industry
is transforming.
transform from something The way we work, play and communicate every
day has completely transformed from a decade ago.

III
Part l:
1
the Booker Prize  prize of £50 000 that is given each autumn for the best novel
written in English and published in the UK that year.
fiction [uncountable] a type of literature that describes imaginary people and
events, not real ones
a  work of popular fiction
historical/romantic/crime fiction
award give present
the Commonwealth (singular)  an organization consisting of the United Kingdom
and other countries, including most of the countries that used to be part of the British
Empire
a member of the Commonwealth
Commonwealth countries
There is an annual meeting of Commonwealth heads of government.
aim [intransitive, transitive] to try or plan to achieve something
He has always  aimed high (= tried to achieve a lot).
aim for something We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
aim at something  The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in
unemployment.
aim to do something They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%.
 aim at doing something The training programme aims at raising employees'
awareness about human rights.
represent something (no passive) to be an example or expression of something
SYNONYM be typical of
The project represents all that is good in the community.
Those comments do not represent the views of us all.
contemporary adj belonging to the present time
SYNONYM modern
contemporary society/culture contemporary art/music/dance
contemporary architecture/literature/painting/politics/history
fiction [uncountable] a type of literature that describes imaginary people and
events, not real ones
a  work of popular fiction
historical/romantic/crime fiction
2
submit [transitive] to give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that
they can study or consider it
submit something to submit an application/a claim/a proposal
submit something to somebody/something She submitted her report to the
committee.
judge a person who decides who has won a competition
The  judges' decision is final.
She has joined the panel of judges in the popular TV talent show.
advisory adj having the role of giving professional advice
an  advisory committee/body/service
the Careers Advisory Service
He acted in an advisory capacity only.
judge [transitive, intransitive] to decide the result of a competition; to be the
judge in a competition
judge something She was asked to judge the essay competition.
judge somebody/something + noun The first team to cross the line will be
judged the winner.
judge somebody/something + adj Their garden was judged the best in Wales
by a TV viewers' poll.
panel [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of specialists who give their
advice or opinion about something; a group of people who discuss topics of
interest on television or radio
an  advisory panel  a judging panel a panel of experts/judges
on a panel We have two politicians on tonight's panel.
3
in terms of something | in… terms used to show what aspect of a subject you are
talking about or how you are thinking about it
The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
In practical terms this law may be difficult to enforce.
 critic a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of
books, music, etc.
a film/an art/a music critic
Bradley Cooper's gripping performance has been praised by critics.
editor a person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc., or part of
one, and who decides what should be included
the editor of the Washington Post a newspaper/magazine editor
the sports/financial/fashion editor a contributing/deputy editor
academic a person who teaches and/or does research at a university or college
a leading/distinguished/prominent academic
There is much debate among academics about this issue.
+ academic scholar, lecturer
along with somebody/something in addition to somebody/something; in the same
way as somebody/something
She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others.
finalize something to complete the last part of a plan, trip, project, etc.
to finalize your plans/arrangements
They met to finalize the terms of the treaty.
to finalize a deal/transaction/sale
involvement [uncountable] the act of taking part in something or dealing with
somebody
SYNONYM participation
involvement in something US involvement in European wars
involvement with somebody When she was promoted, she missed the day-to-
day involvement with customers.
interference U the act of getting involved in and trying to influence a situation that
should not really involve you, in a way that annoys other people
interference (in something) They resent foreign interference in the internal
affairs of their country.
interference with something  interference with proper medical procedures
4
judge a person who decides who has won a competition
The  judges' decision is final.
She has joined the panel of judges in the popular TV talent show.
critic a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of
books, music, etc.
a film/an art/a music critic
Bradley Cooper's gripping performance has been praised by critics.
academic a person who teaches and/or does research at a university or college
a leading/distinguished/prominent academic
There is much debate among academics about this issue.
+ academic scholar, lecturer
 maintain something to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.
SYNONYM preserve
 to maintain law and order/standards/a balance/control
ANU has maintained its position as Australia's top university.
consistent adj (approving) always behaving in the same way, or having the
same opinions, standards, etc.
a consistent approach to the problem
  consistent in something She's not very consistent in the way she treats her
children.
consistent in doing something We must be consistent in applying the rules.
considerably adv (rather formal) much; a lot
SYNONYM significantly
The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person.
Interest rates on bank loans have increased considerably in recent years.
Answers
41 B 42 B
submit [transitive] to give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that
they can study or consider it
submit something to submit an application/a claim/a proposal
submit something to somebody/something She submitted her report to the
committee.
judge a person who decides who has won a competition
The  judges' decision is final.
She has joined the panel of judges in the popular TV talent show.
43 D
panel [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of specialists who give their
advice or opinion about something; a group of people who discuss topics of
interest on television or radio
an  advisory panel  a judging panel a panel of experts/judges
on a panel We have two politicians on tonight's panel.
44 D 45 D
consistent adj (approving) always behaving in the same way, or having the
same opinions, standards, etc.
a consistent approach to the problem
  consistent in something She's not very consistent in the way she treats her
children.
consistent in doing something We must be consistent in applying the rules.
make-up (of something) (singular) the different things, people, etc. that combine to
form something; the way in which they combine
the make-up of a TV audience
Ireland did show up a number of flaws in the England team's make-up.
Part 2: Read the following passage and select the best answer to each of the questions.
(5pts)
1
steam [intransitive] to send out steam
Our damp clothes steamed in the heat.
 a mug of steaming hot coffee
gaze + adv./prep. to look steadily at somebody/something for a long time,
either because you are very interested or surprised, or because you are thinking of
something else
SYNONYM stare
She gazed at him in amazement.
He sat for hours just gazing into space.
vaguely adv in a way that shows that you are not paying attention or thinking clearly
He smiled vaguely, ignoring her questions.
‘I’ll be in touch,’ she said vaguely.
stream [intransitive, transitive] (of liquid or gas) to move or pour out in a continuous
flow; to produce a continuous flow of liquid or gas
(+ adv./prep.) Tears streamed down his face.
stream with something Her head was streaming with blood.
stream from something  Blood was streaming from her head.
stream something  The exhaust streamed black smoke.
plate-glass [uncountable] very clear glass of good quality, made in thick sheets, used
for doors, windows of shops, etc.
ceaseless adj (formal) not stopping; seeming to have no end
SYNONYM constant, interminable
the ceaseless rain
His ceaseless questions began to annoy me.
flow [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the steady and continuous movement
of something/somebody in one direction
the flow of an electric current
flow (of something) (from something) She tried to stop the flow of blood
from the wound.
flow (of something) to something Exercise increases blood flow to the
brain.
flow (of something) into something an endless flow of refugees into the
country
flow (of something) through something a steady flow of traffic through the
city
industrious adj (approving) working hard; busy
SYNONYM hard-working
an industrious student
She was surrounded by energetic, industrious people.
+ industrious hard-working, diligent, assiduous, sedulous, conscientious
humanity [uncountable] people in general
He was found guilty of crimes against humanity.
+ humanity humankind, the human race, the human species, mankind, man,
people
battle to try very hard to achieve something difficult or to deal with something
unpleasant or dangerous
 Both teams battled hard.
battle for something The two leaders are battling for control of the
government.
battle with somebody/something She's still battling with a knee injury.
battle against somebody/something We had to battle against the elements to
reach safety.
battle over something Residents are battling over plans for a new airport
runway.
battle it out The two sides will battle it out in the final next week.
battle + adv. It’s vital that we keep battling away at the problem.
battle to do something Doctors battled to keep her alive.
battle something  He battled cancer for four years.
downpour usually singular] a heavy fall of rain that often starts suddenly
We got caught in a torrential downpour.
For the past six hours the downpour had been continuous and torrential.
curl (something) if you curl your lip or your lip curls, you move your lip upwards
and to the side to show that you think somebody/something is stupid or that you are
better than they are
smirk a silly and unpleasant smile that shows that you are pleased with yourself, know
something that other people do not know, etc. / nụ cười ngớ ngẩn, nụ cười tự mãn, nụ
cười điệu
She had a self-satisfied smirk on her face.
self-congratulation [uncountable] (usually disapproving) a way of behaving that
shows that you think you have done something very well and are pleased with
yourself
replete adj (old-fashioned or formal) very full of food
We all felt pleasantly replete.
flush adj [not before noun] (informal) having a lot of money, usually for a short time
I’m flush this week—I’ll pay. flush with cash
The company was flush with funds at that time.
a run of something is a continuous period during which it lasts or is repeated:
a run of successes/defeats/bad luck
commission to officially ask somebody to write, make or create something or to do
a task for you
commission somebody to do something She has been commissioned to write
a new national anthem.
commission something to commission a study/report
commission something from somebody The king commissioned portraits
from foreign artists.
commission something for something the first opera commissioned for
television
(just) for once | just this once (informal) on this occasion (which is in contrast to
what happens usually)
Just for once he arrived on time.
 Can't you be nice to each other just this once?

be between jobs if someone is between jobs, they do not have a job at

the moment but are actively looking for one
Whether a person is
between jobs or wants to change career, volunteering can be one
way of seeing what’s  available.
honest adj not hiding the truth about something
honest about something Are you being  completely honest about your
feelings?
honest with somebody Thank you for being so honest with me.
Give me your honest opinion.

relief [uncountable, singular] the feeling of happiness that you have when something
unpleasant stops or does not happen
I felt a huge sense of relief when I heard they were all OK.
relief to somebody  This was a great relief to him.
relief that… His mother spoke of her relief that he was now safely home.
relief at something She expressed relief at the outcome of the investigation.
relief at doing something He described his relief at securing his freedom.
in preference to somebody/something rather than somebody/something
She was chosen in preference to her sister.
They bought French planes in preference to British ones.
hit [transitive, intransitive] to have a bad effect on somebody/something
hit (somebody/something) The tax increases will certainly hit the poor.
it hits somebody + adv. It hit him very hard when Rosie left.
pester to annoy somebody, especially by asking them something many times
SYNONYM badger
pester somebody for something Journalists pestered neighbours for
information.
pester somebody with something He has been pestering her with phone
calls for over a week.
pester somebody/something The horses were continually pestered by flies.
pester (somebody to do something) The kids kept pestering me to read to
them.
signed and sealed | signed, sealed and delivered definite, because all the legal
documents have been signed
2
figure [countable] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly
There before him stood a tall figure in black.
A shadowy figure can be seen through the window.
detach yourself (from somebody/something) (formal) to leave or separate
yourself from somebody/something
She detached herself from his embrace.
 (figurative) I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.
A figure in white detached itself from the shadows.
flow [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the steady and continuous movement
of something/somebody in one direction
the flow of an electric current
flow (of something) (from something) She tried to stop the flow of blood
from the wound.
flow (of something) to something Exercise increases blood flow to the
brain.
flow (of something) into something an endless flow of refugees into the
country
flow (of something) through something a steady flow of traffic through the
city
stagger [intransitive, transitive] to walk with weak unsteady steps, as if you are
about to fall
SYNONYM totter
(+ adv./prep.) The injured woman staggered to her feet.
stagger something  I managed to stagger the last few steps.
plant something/yourself + adv./prep. to place something or yourself in a
particular place or position
They planted a flag on the summit.
He planted himself squarely in front of us.
She was determined to keep both feet firmly planted on dry land.
filthy adj (comparative filthier, superlative filthiest) very dirty and unpleasant
filthy rags/streets
It's filthy in here!
tattered adj old and torn; in bad condition
tattered clothes
(figurative) tattered relationships
(figurative) the hotel’s tattered reputation
waver to move gently in several different directions 
The candle flame wavered, throwing shadows on the wall.
plaster [usually passive] to make your hair flat and stick to your head
be plastered + adv./prep. His wet hair was plastered to his head.
stubble the short, stiff hairs that grow on a man’s face when he has
not shaved recently râu (tóc) mọc lởm chởm
He had a two-day growth of dark stubble on his chin.
beaded adj covered with small drops of sweat or a similar liquid:
After an hour of aerobics your face will be beaded with sweat.
-rimmed adjective having a particular type of rim
gold-rimmed spectacles
red-rimmed eyes (= for example, from crying)
socket a part of the body into which another part fits:
a tooth/eye socket
 a ball-and-socket joint like the hip joint
destitution [uncountable] the fact of having no money, food and the other things
necessary for life
homelessness and destitution
+ destitution poverty
3
double take if you do a double take, you wait for a moment before you react to
something that has happened, because it is very surprising
anonymity U the state of remaining unknown to most other people
Names of people in the book were changed to preserve anonymity.
the anonymity of the city (= where people do not know each other)
(especially North American English)  He agreed to give an interview on
condition of anonymity (= if his name was not mentioned).
put a name to somebody/something to know or remember what
somebody/something is called
I recognize the tune but I can't put a name to it.
I nodded, desperately trying to put a name to the face.
want [uncountable] (formal) the state of being poor, not having food, etc.
Visitors to the slums were clearly shocked to see so many families living in
want.
Thousands of children are living in want.
destitution [uncountable] the fact of having no money, food and the other things
necessary for life
homelessness and destitution
+ destitution poverty
suffering [uncountable] physical or mental pain
Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
This war has caused widespread human suffering.
+ suffering hardship
alter [intransitive, transitive] to become different; to make somebody/something
different
Prices did not alter significantly during 2019.
He had altered so much I scarcely recognized him.
alter somebody/something His actions that day altered my perception of
him.
fresh adj [not usually before noun] full of energy
Regular exercise will help you feel fresher and fitter.
I managed to sleep on the plane and arrived feeling as fresh as a daisy.
prosperous adj (formal) rich and successful
SYNONYM affluent
prosperous countries
Farmers are more prosperous in the south of the country.
4
 frown to make a serious, angry or worried expression by bringing
your eyebrows closer together so that lines appear on your forehead
frown (at somebody/something) What are you frowning at me for?
She frowned with concentration.
+ speech ‘I don't understand,’ she frowned.
hesitate [intransitive, transitive] to be slow to speak or act because you feel
uncertain or nervous
She hesitated before replying.
hesitate about/over something When she hesitated over her order, the waiter
gave her an impatient look.
hesitate about/over doing something I didn't hesitate for a moment about
taking the job.
hesitate about/over whether, how, etc… She stood there, hesitating over
whether or not to tell him the truth.
+ speech ‘I'm not sure,’ she hesitated.
46 C
freelance adj earning money by selling your work or services to several different
organizations rather than being employed by one particular organization
a freelance journalist
freelance work
47 D 48 A
reluctant adj hesitating before doing something because you do not want to do it or
because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do
He finally gave a reluctant smile.
They nodded in reluctant agreement.
reluctant to do something She was reluctant to admit she was wrong.
+ reluctant unwilling, disinclined, hesitant
take something/somebody to decide to do something; to agree to be responsible for
something/somebody
I can't take on any extra work.
We're not taking on any new clients at present.
take somebody on (especially British English) to employ somebody
to take on new staff
She was taken on as a trainee.
relax unwind, loosen up
49 A
anxious worried, concerned, apprehensive
anxious eager, keen
confront somebody to face somebody so that they cannot avoid seeing and
hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation
This was the first time he had confronted an armed robber.
Confronted by an angry crowd, the police retreated.
+ confront face
50 B
 destitution [uncountable] the fact of having no money, food and the other things
necessary for life
homelessness and destitution
+ destitution poverty
crime [countable] an illegal act or activity that can be punished by law
There is no proof that he committed a crime (= did something illegal).
crime against something/somebody The massacre was a crime against
humanity.
crime of something  Sometimes murder is a crime of passion.

Part 3:
1
dissimilar (from/to somebody/something) (formal) not the same
These wines are not dissimilar (= are similar).
The two languages are completely dissimilar from each other.
Opposite similar
model something to create a copy or description of an activity, a situation, etc.
so that you can study it before dealing with the real thing
SYNONYM simulate
The program can model a typical home page for you.
We can accurately model the development process.
Air quality planners can model the effects of tree on air pollution.
droplet a small drop of a liquid
water droplets/droplets of water
Infectious diseases are spread by airborne droplets.
resistance (to something) [uncountable, singular]  a force that stops something
moving or makes it move more slowly
wind/air resistance (= in the design of planes or cars)
thus adv (formal) as a result of something just mentioned
SYNONYM hence, therefore
He is the eldest son and thus heir to the title.
We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any
major changes to it.
blunt adj (comparative blunter, superlative bluntest) without a sharp edge or point
a blunt knife This pencil's blunt!
The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument.
Opposite sharp
pinch to restrain or limit narrowly
surface tension [uncountable] (specialist) the property (= characteristic) of liquids
by which they form a layer at their surface, and which makes sure that this surface
covers as small an area as possible / lực căng trên bề mặt
subsonic adj less than the speed of sound; flying at less than the speed of sound
compress [transitive, intransitive] to press things together or press something into a
smaller space; to be pressed in this way
 compress something (into something) compressed air/gas
compress (into something) Her lips compressed into a thin line.
constantly adv all the time; repeatedly
Fashion is constantly changing.
I am constantly reminded how fortunate I am.
prepare the way/ground for somebody/somethingto make it possible for
something to be achieved, or for someone to succeed in doing something 
Curie’s research prepared the way for the work of modern nuclear scientists.
pierce (through) something to force a way through a barrier
SYNONYM penetrate
They failed to pierce the Liverpool defence.
resistance (to something) [uncountable, singular]  a force that stops something
moving or makes it move more slowly
wind/air resistance (= in the design of planes or cars)
velocity U C (specialist) the speed of something in a particular direction
the velocity of light to gain/lose velocity
a  high-velocity rifle
transmission [uncountable] the act or process of sending out an electronic signal or
message or of broadcasting a radio or television programme
the transmission of computer data along telephone lines
a break in transmission (= of a radio or television broadcast) due to a
technical fault
airwaves (plural) radio waves that are used in broadcasting radio and television
More and more TV and radio stations are crowding the airwaves.
A well-known voice came  over the airwaves.

2
elongate (something) to become longer; to make something longer
SYNONYM lengthen
Hold that stretch as you breathe out, elongating the spine from the base.
The acid causes the cells to elongate by increasing the uptake of water.
underside the bottom or lower side or surface of something
SYNONYM bottom
maintain something to make something continue at the same level, standard,
etc.
SYNONYM preserve
to maintain law and order/standards/a balance/control
ANU has maintained its position as Australia's top university.
constant adj that does not change
The car was travelling at a constant speed of 50 mph.
The samples need to be stored at a constant temperature.
Crime levels remain constant.
+ constant stable, steady, fixed
 airstream a movement of air, especially a strong one
lift [uncountable] the pressure of air moving upwards on an aircraft when flying
leading edge [countable] (specialist) the front or forward edge of something moving,
especially an aircraft wing
slope a surface that lies at an angle to the horizontal so that some points on it
are higher than others
The  roof is at a slope (= at an angle to a horizontal surface)  of
30°.
suction the process of removing air or liquid from a space or container so that
something else can be taken into it or so that two surfaces can stick together
Vacuum cleaners work by suction.
a  suction pump/pad
complement something to add to something in a way that improves it or makes it
more attractive
The excellent menu is complemented by a good wine list.
The team needs players who complement each other.
lift [uncountable] the pressure of air moving upwards on an aircraft when flying
51 B
subsonic adj less than the speed of sound; flying at less than the speed of sound
supersonic adj faster than the speed of sound
a supersonic aircraft
supersonic flight
constant adj that does not change
The car was travelling at a constant speed of 50 mph.
The samples need to be stored at a constant temperature.
Crime levels remain constant.
+ constant stable, steady, fixed
elongation U the process of becoming longer or making something longer
the elongation of vowel sounds
elongate (something) to become longer; to make something longer
SYNONYM lengthen
Hold that stretch as you breathe out, elongating the spine from the base.
The acid causes the cells to elongate by increasing the uptake of water.
52 A
resistance (to something) [uncountable, singular]  a force that stops something
moving or makes it move more slowly
wind/air resistance (= in the design of planes or cars)
shape [transitive] to make something into a particular shape
shape A into B  Shape the dough into a ball.
The man was busy shaping mud into bricks.
shape something  This tool is used for shaping wood.
surface tension [uncountable] (specialist) the property (= characteristic) of liquids
by which they form a layer at their surface, and which makes sure that this surface
covers as small an area as possible / lực căng trên bề mặt
 pinch to restrain or limit narrowly
53 C
lift [transitive, intransitive] to raise somebody/something or be raised to a higher
position or level
lift somebody/something I lifted the lid of the box and peered in.
lift somebody/something up He lifted the toddler up and cuddled her.
lift somebody/something (up) + adv./prep. He stood there with his arms
lifted above his head.
+ lift raise, hoist
lift [uncountable] the pressure of air moving upwards on an aircraft when flying
taper to become gradually narrower; to make something become gradually narrower
The tail tapered to a rounded tip.
The leaves are long, tapering to a point at each end.
taper something  The pots are wide at the base and tapered at the top.
+ taper narrow, pinch
54 B
supersonic adj faster than the speed of sound
a supersonic aircraft
supersonic flight
resistance (to something) [uncountable, singular]  a force that stops something
moving or makes it move more slowly
wind/air resistance (= in the design of planes or cars)
break through | break through something to make a way through something using
force
Demonstrators broke through the police cordon.
There was a police cordon around the site but the demonstrators still broke
through.
compress [transitive, intransitive] to press things together or press something into a
smaller space; to be pressed in this way
compress something (into something) compressed air/gas
compress (into something) Her lips compressed into a thin line.
55 C
airstream a movement of air, especially a strong one
Part 4:
wonder [countable] something that fills you with surprise and pleasure

SYNONYM marvel

The temple, built in 1403, is an architectural wonder.

  wonder of something The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of

the world.

barrier (British English) a gate at a car park or railway station that controls
when you may go through by being raised or lowered
 Scan your ticket at the barrier and it will automatically lift.

There was a slow trickle of people through the barriers.

defence  [countable, uncountable] something that provides protection against

attack from enemies, the weather, illness, etc.

They are responsible for maintaining coastal  flood defences.

At this point the country had no effective air defences.

defence against something The town walls were built as a defence against

enemy attacks.

56 A against 57 B also
raised adj higher than the area around

a raised platform

additional adj more than was first mentioned or is usual

SYNONYM extra, supplementary, supplemental, further

additional resources/funds/security/funding/costs

The government provided an additional £25 million to expand the service.

embankment a wall or bank of stone or earth made to keep water back or to carry a
road or railway over low ground
strategic adj [usually before noun] done as part of a plan that is meant to achieve a
particular purpose or to gain an advantage

strategic planning

a strategic decision to sell off part of the business

Cameras were set up at strategic points (= in places where they would be

most effective) along the route.

+ strategic crucial, critical, important

barrier (British English) a gate at a car park or railway station that controls
when you may go through by being raised or lowered

Scan your ticket at the barrier and it will automatically lift.

There was a slow trickle of people through the barriers.

 span something to stretch right across something, from one side to the other

SYNONYM cross

a series of bridges spanning the river

The roof was spanned by curved ribs of steel.

reach [countable, usually plural] a straight section of water between two bends
on a river

the upper/lower reaches of the Nile (= the part that is furthest from/nearest to

the sea)

58 A consists

pivot (something) (+ adv./prep.) to turn or balance on a central point (=

a pivot); to make something do this

Windows that pivot from a central point are easy to clean.

She pivoted around and walked out.

+ pivot rotate, turn, revolve, spin

support somebody/something to hold somebody/something in position; to

prevent somebody/something from falling

a platform supported by concrete pillars

Support the baby's head when you hold it.

concrete adj made of concrete

a concrete floor

concrete [uncountable] building material that is made by mixing together cement,

sand, small stones and water

a slab of concrete

The pathway is formed from large pebbles set in concrete.

structure [countable] a thing that is made of several parts, especially a building

a stone/brick/wooden structure

She used sand and rocks to build elaborate structures on the beach.
 house something to be the place where something is kept or where
something operates from

The library houses a collection of 15 000 books.

be housed in something The museum is housed in the Old Court House.

be housed at something Most film material housed at the Irish Film Archive

is in English.

raise something to lift or move something to a higher level

She raised the gun and fired.

raise something up He slowly raised his head up.

+ Opposite lower

+ raise lift, lift up, elevate

59 C each 60 D weighs 61 A operation

operation [uncountable] the action of functioning; the fact of being used or
active or having an effect

The factory will  cease operation at the end of the year.  

in operation The system has been in operation for six months.

operation (also British English, informal op) [countable] the process of cutting

open a part of a person’s body in order to remove or repair a damaged part

Will I need to  have an operation?

He  underwent a three-hour heart operation.

operation to do something He had an operation to remove a growth.

operation on somebody/something (to do something) an operation on her

lung to remove a tumour
 operation for something Doctors performed an  emergency operation for
appendicitis last night.

surgery  [uncountable] medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves

cutting open a person’s body and often removing or replacing some parts; the
branch of medicine connected with this treatment

major/minor surgery

to undergo heart/knee/shoulder surgery

62 B View

view (formal) to look at something, especially when you look carefully

view something  People came from all over the world to view her work.

  view something through something The eclipse should only be viewed

through a special lens.

view something from something These paintings were meant to be viewed

from a distance.

cafeteria a restaurant where you choose and pay for your meal before you carry it to a
table. Cafeterias are often found in factories, colleges, hospitals, etc.

Consumer groups were urging school cafeterias to serve healthier food.

embankment a wall or bank of stone or earth made to keep water back or to carry a
road or railway over low ground
view [countable] what you can see from a particular place or position,
especially beautiful countryside

  view of something There were magnificent views of the surrounding

countryside.

Most rooms enjoy  panoramic views of the ocean.

view from something The view from the top of the tower was spectacular.

stock something (of a shop) to keep a supply of a particular type of goods to sell

Do you stock green tea?

We stock a wide range of camping equipment.

+ stock sell
 selection  [countable] a collection of things from which something can be
chosen

SYNONYM choice, range, array, diversity, variety, assortment

selection of something The showroom has a wide selection of kitchens.

The wine selection isn't bad.

barrier (British English) a gate at a car park or railway station that controls
when you may go through by being raised or lowered

Scan your ticket at the barrier and it will automatically lift.

There was a slow trickle of people through the barriers.

adjacent adj next to something

The planes landed on adjacent runways.

numbers that are adjacent in the sequence

adjacent to something Our farm land was adjacent to the river.

+ adjacent close to, near to, next to, by, close by, by the side of, bordering,
bordering on, beside

(62) ................. the Barrier from the comfortable cafeteria. Picnic on the riverside
embankment. Enioy beautiful views from the riverside walk. \/isit the shop which stocks a
large selection of souvenirs books and Barrier information.
There is a children’s play area suitable for 4- to 12-year olds, located adjacent to the
riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a (63) ................. experience.
56. A. against B. for C. between D. with
57. A. and B. also C. still D. too
58. A. consists B. includes C. involves D. contains
59. A. which B. every C. each D. none
60. A. measures B. costs C. calculates D. weighs
61. A. operation B. surgery C. vocation D. profession
62. A. Sight B. View C. Hear D. Explore
63. A. forgettable B. memorable C. forgetful D. memorised