2016/2017

QUESTION 1
FOR THE CIRCUIT IN FIGURE 1, DETERMINE THE CURRENT THROUGH AND VOLTAGE ACROSS EACH RESISTOR ELEMENTS AND HENCE VERIFY
KIRCHOFF’S COLTAGE AND CURRENT LAWS.
Current In = Current Out
Ia = Ib + Ic
< Ib > Ic
^ Ia Vdrop = Vrise
Vs = V1 + V2345

R1 = 1.2 K Ω
R2 = 2 K Ω
R3 = 6 K Ω
R4 = 4.8 K Ω
R5 = 7.2 K Ω

Figure 1
SOLUTION :

i) R2 AND R3 ; R4 AND R5 CAN BE COMBINED,

R23 = R2 + R3 R45 = R4 + R5
= (2K + 6K) Ω = (4.8K + 7.2K) Ω
= 8K Ω = 12K Ω

ii) R23 IS PARALLEL TO R45, CAN BE COMBINED TO SIMPLIFY THE CIRCUIT

R2345 = (R23)(R45)
R23 + R45
= (8K)(12K) Ω
(8K + 12K) Ω
= 4.8K Ω
iii) R1 AND R2345 ARE IN SERIES, COMBINE AND WE CAN CALCULATE THE RTOTAL
RT = R1 + R2345
= (1.2K + 4.8K)Ω
= 6K Ω

iv) Calculate Is by using the formula Vs = IsRt

Vs = Is * Rt
36v = Is * 6K Ω
Is = 36
6k
= 6mA
v) Calculate the voltage across each resistor by using the formula Vr = Rn x Vs
Rt

V1 = 1.2K (36) V2345 = 4.8K (36)

6K 6K
= 7.2V = 28.8V
vi) R1 is parallel to R2345 in the main circuit so they don’t the same value of voltage source. Voltage source across R2, R3, R4 and R5 will be 28.8 V. On the other hand,
the value of the total resistance of R23 and R45 is not equal, hence the value of voltage is distributed in different values with respective Rtotal.

V2 = 2K V4 = 4.8K
8K (28.8) 12K (28.8)
= 7.2 V = 11.52V
V3 = 6K V5 = 7.2K
8K (28.8) 12K (28.8)
= 21.6 V = 17.28V

vii) By using the formula Ix = Vx

Rx According to Kirchoff’s Voltage Law ;
ΣVrise = ΣVdrop
I1 = 7.2V Vs = V1 + V2345
1.2K 36V = 7.2V + 28.8V
= 6mA 36V = 36V (VERIFIED!)
I2 = 7.2V
2K According to Kirchoff’s Current Law ;
= 3.6mA ΣIin = Σiout
I3 = 21.6V 6mA= 3.6mA + 2.4mA
6K 6mA = 6mA (VERIFIED!)
= 3.6mA
I4 = 11.52V
4.8K
= 2.4mA
I5 = 17.28V
7.2K
= 2.4mA
Q2
𝑅1 =(5 𝑅5 )=(5X20Ω) = 100Ω 𝑅5 =20Ω
𝑅2 =(1.5 𝑅1 )=(1.5X100Ω)= 150Ω 𝑅6 =(0.2 𝑅4 )=(0.2X75Ω)=15Ω
𝑅3 =(2 𝑅2 )=(2X150Ω) = 300Ω 𝑅7 =(2 𝑅6 )=(2X15Ω)=30Ω
𝑅4 =(0.25 𝑅3 )=(0.25X300Ω)=75Ω 𝑅8 =(1/3 𝑅7 )=(1/3X30Ω)=10Ω

100 (150)
𝑅12 = = 60Ω 𝑉𝑇 =20V-85V-200V+25V=-240V
250
(60)(300) 240𝑉
𝑅123 = = 50Ω 𝐼𝑆 = =1.6A
360 150Ω
(30)(10)
𝑅78 = =7.5Ω 𝐼𝑆 =𝐼123 =𝐼4 =𝐼5 =𝐼678 =1.6A
40
(15)(7.5)
𝑅678 = = 5Ω
22.5

𝑅12345678 =50+75+20+5=150Ω
 60
𝐼3 = X1.6= 4/15 A 𝑉1 =(0.8)(100)=80V
360
300
𝐼12 = X1.6= 4/3 A 𝑉2 =(8/15)(150)=80V
360
150
𝐼1 = X4/3= 0.8 A 𝑉3 =(4/15)(300)=80V
250
100
𝐼2 = X4/3= 8/15 A 𝑉4 =(1.6)(75)=120V
250
7.5
𝐼6 = X1.6= 8/15 A 𝑉5 =(1.6)(20)=32V
22.5
15
𝐼78 = X1.6= 16/15 A 𝑉6 =(8/15)(15)=8V
22.5
10
𝐼7 = X16/15= 4/15 A 𝑉7 =(4/15)(30)=8V
40
30
𝐼8 = X16/15= 0.8 A 𝑉8 =(0.8)(10)=8V
40
 2402
𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 = = 384V
150

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏 =𝑃1 +𝑃2 +𝑃3 +𝑃4 +𝑃5 +𝑃6 +𝑃7 +𝑃8

𝑃1 =(0.8)2 (100)=64 W 𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏 =64 W+128/3 W+64/3 W+192 W+51.2 W+64/15

𝑃2 =(8/15)2 (150)=128/3 W +32/15 W+6.4 W
𝑃3 =(4/15)2 300 =64/3 W =384 W
𝑃4 =(1.6)2 (75)=192 W
𝑃5 =(1.6)2 (20)=51.2 W
𝑃6 =(8/15)2 (15)=64/15 W 𝑃𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 =𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏
𝑃7 =(4/15)2 (30)=32/15 W
𝑃8 =(0.8)2 (10)=6.4 W
3) For the circuit in Figure 3, determine the current through , voltage

across, and power absorbed by resistor 𝑅1, 𝑅7, and 𝑅9, respectively.
 Solution
• From Figure 3, move the diagonal resistors 𝑅4 𝑅7 and 𝑅9 as shown in
Figure 3.1

Figure 3.1
 Continued…

• From Figure 3.1, combining series resistors 𝑅2 and 𝑅3

• 𝑅23 = 𝑅2 + 𝑅3. = (30 + 18) = 48 kΩ

• From Figure 3.1, combining parallel resistors 𝑅9 and 𝑅10

24(24) 576
• 𝑅910 = 𝑅9 ∥ 𝑅10 = 24kΩ ∥ 24kΩ = kΩ = kΩ = 12 kΩ
24+24 48
Continued…

Figure 3.2
 Continued…

• From Figure 3.2, combining parallel resistors 𝑅23 and 𝑅4

48(48) 2304
• 𝑅234 = 𝑅23 ∥ 𝑅4 = 48kΩ ∥ 48kΩ = kΩ = kΩ = 24 kΩ
48+48 96

• From Figure 3.2, combining series resistors 𝑅8 and 𝑅910

• 𝑅8910 = 𝑅8 +𝑅910 = (12+6) kΩ = 18kΩ

 Continued…

• From Figure 3.2, combining parallel resistors 𝑅234 and 𝑅5

24(48) 1152
• 𝑅2345 = 𝑅234 ∥ 𝑅5 = 24kΩ ∥ 48kΩ = kΩ = kΩ = 16 kΩ
24+48 72
Continued…

Figure 3.3
 Continued…

• From Figure 3.3, combining series resistors 𝑅2345 and 𝑅6

• 𝑅23456 = 𝑅2345 +𝑅6 = (16+8) kΩ = 24kΩ

• From Figure 3.3, combining parallel resistors 𝑅23456 and 𝑅7

24(24) 576
• 𝑅234567 = 𝑅23456 ∥ 𝑅7 = 24kΩ ∥ 24kΩ = kΩ = kΩ = 12 kΩ
24+24 48
Continued…

Figure 3.4
 Continued…
• From Figure 3.4, combining parallel resistors 𝑅234567 and 𝑅8910
12(18) 216
• 𝑅2345678910 = 𝑅234567 ∥ 𝑅8910 = 12kΩ ∥ 18kΩ = kΩ = kΩ =
12+18 30
7.2 kΩ
Continued…

Figure 3.5
 Continued…
• From Figure 3.5, combining series resistors 𝑅2345678910 and 𝑅1
• 𝑅12345678910 = 𝑅2345678910 +𝑅1 = (7.2+8.8) kΩ = 16kΩ
Continued…

Figure 3.6
 Continued…
• applying Ohm’s law across resistors 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝑆 = 𝐼𝑆 𝑅𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
80 = 𝐼𝑆 (16k)
𝐼𝑆 = 5mA
𝐼𝑆 = 𝐼1
• applying Ohm’s law across resistors 𝑅1
𝑉1 = 𝐼1 𝑅1
= (5m) (8.8k)
= 44V
 Continued…
• the power absorbed by resistor 𝑅1
𝑃1 = 𝐼1 𝑉1
= (5m) (44)
= 220mW

• applying CDR across resistor 𝑅234567

𝑅8910
𝐼234567 = . 𝐼𝑆
𝑅234567+ 𝑅8910
18𝐾
= . 5m
12𝐾+18K
= 3mA
 Continued…
• applying Ohm’s law across resistors 𝑅7
𝑉7 = 𝐼7 𝑅7
= (1.5m) (24k)
=36V
• the power absorbed by resistor 𝑅1
𝑃7 = 𝐼7 𝑉7
= (1.5m) (36)
= 54mW
 Continued…
𝐼8910 = 𝐼𝑆 - 𝐼234567
= 5m – 3m
= 2mA
• applying CDR across resistor 𝑅9
𝑅10
𝐼9 = . 𝐼8910
𝑅9 + 𝑅10
24𝐾
= . 2m
24𝐾+24K
= 1mA
 Continued…
• applying Ohm’s law across resistors 𝑅7
𝑉9 = 𝐼9 𝑅9
= (1m) (24k)
=36V
• the power absorbed by resistor 𝑅9
𝑃9 = 𝐼9 𝑉9
= (1m) (24)
= 24mW
Q4.Determine the current through , voltage across , and power absorb by resistor R1 and R3
respectively

Figure 4.1
 figure 4.2
From figure 4.1 to figure 4.2
• Transforming the R7,R8,R9 into∆
𝑅7𝑅8+𝑅8𝑅9+𝑅7𝑅9 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω + 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω +(6𝑘Ω)(6𝑘Ω)
• Ra = = 18𝑘Ω
𝑅9 6𝑘Ω
𝑅7𝑅8+𝑅8𝑅9+𝑅7𝑅9 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω + 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω +(6𝑘Ω)(6𝑘Ω)
• Rb = = 18𝑘Ω
𝑅7 6𝑘Ω
𝑅7𝑅8+𝑅8𝑅9+𝑅7𝑅9 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω + 6𝑘Ω 6𝑘Ω +(6𝑘Ω)(6𝑘Ω)
• R𝑐 = = 18𝑘Ω
𝑅8 6𝑘Ω
 Figure 4.4
Figure 4.3

 Figure 4.3 to figure 4.4 ( parallel the R6 with Rc, R10 with Rb)
36𝑘Ω × 18𝑘Ω
• R6c = R6//Rc = = 12𝑘Ω
36𝑘Ω + 18𝑘Ω
9𝑘Ω × 18𝑘Ω
• R10b = R10//R𝑏 = = 6𝑘Ω
9𝑘Ω + 18𝑘Ω
Figure 4.4
Figure 4.5

From figure 4.4 to figure 4.5

• R10b6c is obtain as , R10b is series with R6c
• R10b6c = 12kΩ + 6kΩ = 18kΩ
Then, in figure 4.6 (R10b6c is parallel to Ra)
18𝑘Ω × 18𝑘Ω
• R10b6ca = R10b6c//Ra= 18𝑘Ω + 18𝑘Ω = 9𝑘Ω

Figure 4.6
 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8

From figure 4.6 to figure 4.7 (R10b6ca is series with R5)

• R10b6c5a = R10b6ca + R 5 = 9kΩ + 15k Ω = 24kΩ
Then, from figure 4.7 to figure 4.8 (R10b6c5a is parallel with R4)
24𝑘Ω ×48𝑘Ω
• R10b6c5a4 = R10b6c5a // R4 = = 16kΩ
24𝑘Ω+48𝑘Ω
 Figure 4.10

Figure 4.9
 From figure 4.8 to 4.9 (R10b6c5a4 is series with R3)
• R10b6c5a43 = 16𝑘Ω + 4𝑘Ω
= 20kΩ
 In figure 4.9 to figure 4.10 (R10b6c5a43 is parallel with R2 )
• R10b6c5a432 = R10b6c5a43 //R2

20𝑘Ω × 30𝑘Ω
= = 12𝑘Ω
Figure 4.11 20𝑘Ω + 30𝑘Ω

 In figure 4.11 𝑅𝑇 is obtain (R10b6c5a432 is series with R1)

R10b6c5a4321 = 12𝑘Ω + 8kΩ = 20𝑘Ω
To find current through , voltage across , and power absorb 𝑃1 = 𝐼1 𝑉1
by resistor R1 and R3 = 3.75𝑚𝐴 30𝑣
𝑉𝑆 75𝑣
𝐼𝑇 = = = 3.75𝑚𝐴 = 112.5𝑚𝑊
𝑅𝑇 20𝑘Ω
𝑃3 = 𝐼3 𝑉3
• 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼10𝑐6𝑏5𝑎432 = 3.75 𝑚𝐴
𝑅2 = 2.25𝑚𝐴 9𝑉
 𝐼10𝑐6𝑏5𝑎43 = ∙ 𝐼𝑇 = 20.25𝑊
𝑅2 +𝑅10𝑐6𝑏5𝑎43
30𝑘Ω
= ∙ 3.75 𝑚𝐴
30𝑘Ω+20𝑘Ω
= 2.25 mA
• 𝐼3 = 𝐼10𝑐6𝑏5𝑎4 (series)= 2.25 mA
𝑉1 = 𝐼1 𝑅1
= (3.75 𝑚𝐴)(8kΩ)
= 30V
𝑉3 = 𝐼3 𝑅3
= (2.25 𝑚𝐴)(4kΩ)
= 9V
Question 5
Question 5A
For the circuit in Figure 4, determine the current through , voltage across , and power absorbed by resistor and respectively.

RA = R5R6 __
R4+R5+R6
= (12)(12)Ω
12+12+12 Ω
= 4K Ω
RB = R4R6 __
R4+R5+R6
= (12)(12)Ω
12+12+12 Ω
= 4K Ω
RC = R4R5 __
R4+R5+R6
= (12)(12)Ω
Is = Vs______
12+12+12 Ω
R1+R2C3BA7
= 4K Ω
= 45
12+6
= 2.5mA (IS=I1)
I7 = R2C3BA x Is
R2C = R2+RC R2C3BA = R2C3B + RA
R7+R2C3BA
= (4 + 4) K Ω = (4+4) K Ω
= 8
= 8K Ω = 8K Ω x 2.5
24+8
R3B = R3+RB R2C3BA7 = R2C3BA||R7
= 0.625mA
= (4+ 4) K Ω = (8)(24)
8+24 V1 = I1R1 P1 = I1V1
= 6K Ω = (2.5)(12) = (2.5)(30) = 75mW
R2C3B = R2C||R3B R123BA7 = R1+R2C3BA7 = 30V PT= ITVT
= (8)(8) = (12 + 6) K Ω VT = ITRT = (0.625)(15) = 9.375mW
8+8 = 18K Ω = (0.625)(24)
= 4K Ω = 15V
QUESTION 5B
If R4 is short-circuited and open-circuited, determine the current through, voltage across, and power absorbed by resistors R1 and R7 for each of the condition respectively.

If r4 is a short circuit
QUESTION 5B (if r4 is an open circuit)