c Simple Sentence Patterns

Sentence Subjiect Perdicate

Patterms
Nominative
Enlargement
Finite verb ID Do OC SC Extension
Adj. N
P1 Vi
PN
Adj. N Adj. N
P2 Vt
PN PN
Adj. N Adj. N Adj. N
P3 Vt
PN PN PN
Adj. N Adj. N Adj. N
P4 PN Vt PN PN
Adj.
Adj. N Adj. N
P5 PN Vl PN
Adj.

Note 1 P= Patten ID Indirect Object

S = Subject DO Diderect Object
N = Noun OC Objective Complement
PN = Pronoun SC Subjective Complement
Vi = Intransitive Verb
Vt = Transitive Verb
Vl = Linking Verb

Note 2 P51 = S+Vl+Extension

nsion
 The Formation of simple sentences
The Formation of simple sentences

Parts of speech

Content word Structure word Basis Sentence Patterns (P)

1. Noun (N) 1. Proposition P1 S+Vi
2. Pronoun (PN) 2. Conjunction P2 S+Vt+DO
3.Verb (V) 3. Interjection P3 S+Vt+ID+DO
4. Adjective (Adj.) P4 S+Vt+DO+OC
Inflection

5. Adverb (Adv.) P5 S+Vl+SC

Sentence elements

Subject (S) Predicate

Nominative Enlargement Verb(v) Object Complement Extension

1. Noun (N) 1. Artuckes ca,an,the 1. Intransitive V. (V.i) 1. Direct (DO) 1. Subjective 1. Adverb (Adv.)
2. Noun phrase (Np) 2. Adijectives 2. Transitive V. (Vt) 2. Indirect (IO) 2. Objective 2. Adverb phsase (Advp)
3. Noun clavse (Nc) 3. Adhective phrase (Adjp) 3. Linking V. (Vl) 3. Adverb clause (Advc.)
4. Noun Equivalents 4. Adjective clavse (Aduc) 4. Modals V.
a Gerund 5. Woeds used as Adj. 5. Auxiliary V.
b Noun infintive a Participles
b Qualifying
infinitive
 Parts of speech
Structure words
Parts speech Definition Funtion in sentence Identify parts of speech
Bu its forms By its position
1. demonstrative Adjectives 1. noun determiner 1. this, that, tehse, those
2. articles 2. noun determiner 2. a, an, the
3. indefinite adjectives 3. noun determiner 3. some, any, every, ….
4. pronouns 4. replacing a noun 4. indefinite, interrogative, demonstrative and reflexive
5. Preposition 5. indicating that a noun which is its object is coming. in, on, out, to, at, after, before.
(The phrase formed by the preposition and its object is
related to a verb, adjective, or in the sentence.
6. Connectors
a. subordinate conjections a. joining dependent and independent clauses a. when, where, if, so that,…
b. coradinate conjections b. joining words, phraes, clauses and sentence b. and, but, or, nor, for, so, as, yet
(except "for", "as", "so", "yes")
which only join two independent clauses)
c. corelatives c. joining words, phraes and clauses c. connectors that occor in pair such as both….and,
not only…but also, either…or,
d. connective adverbs or sentence conectors d. showing the relationship between clauses or sentences d. moreover, therefore, likewise
(They usually appear rithin the second independent clauses
and may be movd to various positions whthin the secound
clause.)
 Parts of speech
Content words
Identify parts of speech
Part of speech Funtion of Parts of speech Function in sentence
By its form By its position
1. Noun Naming 1. Subject (S) 1. phuraliged by the addition of_s to the singular 1. precede the verb as subject
2. Object (O) Direct object (DO) countable noun
Indirect object (ID) 2. inflected by the addition of_s to show 2. follow the verb as direct object, indirect object,
3. Complement Subject complement (SC) possession object complement andobject after preposition
Object complement (OC) 3. reconiged by its ending or sufix
4. Object after preposition 3. preceded by a determiner such as articals a, an, the
5. Noun modifier
6. Noun in apposition
2. Pronoun Replace noun 1. Subject (S) 1. precede the verb as subject
1. Personal promoun mentioned before 2. Direct object and Indirect object 1. Subject : I, we, you, he, she, it, they 2. follow the verb as direct object,
2. Possessive promoun (Antecedeut) 3. Subject complement (SC) 2. Object : me, us, you, him, her, it. Them inderect object, subject complement
4. Object of preposition mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs and object after preposition
3. Verb Showing action 1. Intransitive Verb (Vi) 1. __ing 1. follow the subject of a sentence
2. Trasitive Verb (Vt) 2. __s when subject is singular 2. be introduced by verb markers
3. Linking Verb (Vl) countable noun such as auxiliary verb or modal verb,
4. Auxiliary Verb (Va) 3. __ed to from V2 and V3 which preced it
5. Mudal Verb (Vm) 4. __reconiged by its suffix
4. Adjective Modifier of Noun 1. Complement Subject complement (SC) 1. Comparative_er, superative_est or 1. precede the noun it modifies
Object complement (OC) comparative more_, superative most_ 2. between determiner and noun
2. Noun modifier (processive Adjective) 2. identify by its ending or suffix 3. predecate asject as subject complement
and object complement
5. Adverb Modifier V, Adj., or Adv.Extention 1. many adjectives plas_ly 1. before and after the sentence
2. comparative_er, superative_est or 2. between subject and verb or
comparative more_, superative most_ auxiliary verb and verb
3. placed in front of adjective or adverb--Qualifiers
 Grammatical Analysis of Sentence
One Sentence of two parts :

A. Subject B. Predicate
Nominative Enlarfement
1. Nouns contable 1. Adjectives Finite Verb Object Complement Extension
uncountable 2. Adijectives 1. Intransitive Verb 1. Direct 1. Subjective 1. Adverbs
2. Noun Phrases 3. Adijective Clauses 2. Transitive Verb 2. Indeirect 2. Objective 3. Adv. Clanses
3. Noun Clauses 4. Articles (a, an, the) 3. Linking Verb (modifying
4. Noun Equivalents 5. Words or phrases 4. Auxiliary V. verbs, adverbs
(substantives) used as adj. (do, be, have, will, shall) or adjectives)
a. Gerund (Praticiples, Qualifying Infinitive) 5. Modals
b. Noun Infinitive (can, could, may, might,
c. Adj. used as a noun ought to, have to, had to)
(with article "the")
Kinds of Sentences

1. Simple 2. Compound 3. Complex 4. Compound - Complex

(one sunject + one (joined by Co-ordinate (joined by Sub+ (Mixed Sentence)
finite verb) Conj. Or ordinate Conj.) (joined by both Co-ordinate and
Conj. Adv.) a. Sub. N. CI. Sub-ordinate Conj.)
a. Cumulative b. Sub.Adj. CI. (two or more Independent CI. +
b. Alternative c. Sub.Adv. CI. one or more Dependent CI.)
c. Adversative (one Independent CI. + one
d. Illative Main or Principal CI. +
(one Independent Cl.+ one one or more Dependent CI.)
Independent Cl.)
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