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Darryl D. Yorkey (SBN 280351)
P.O. Box 9636
Berkeley, California 94709
Telephone: (510) 221-6874
Fax: (888) 491-5926
Email: dyorkey@gmail.com
ALAN A. BECK (SBN 276646)
2692 Harcourt Drive
San Diego, California 92123
Telephone: (619) 905-9105
Email: alan alexander. beck@gmail.com
CATHERINE A. BEEKMAN (SBN 245605)
940 Adams Street, Suite J
Benicia, California 94510
Telephone: (707) 346-3060
Fax: (707) 561-6646
Email: cate@beekmancortes.com
Attomeys for Petitioner Cedric Epple
SUPERIOR COURT FOR THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
IN AND FOR THE COUNTY OF ALAMEDA.
CEDRIC EPPLE, No. RG18922005
Petitioner, MOTION FOR WRIT OF
ADMINISTRATIVE MANDAMUS (CODE
vs. CIV. PROC. §§ 1094.5, 1085)
ALAMEDA COUNTY BOARD OF
EDUCATION,
Respondent.
TO: THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, IN AND FOR THE
COUNTY OF ALAMEDA, AND TO THE ALAMEDA COUNTY BOARD OF EDUCATION:
PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that on the above-noted date and time Petitioner Cedric Epple,
by and through counsel, will move this court to issue a writ of administrative mandamus ordering
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the Alameda County Board of Education to reverse its decision affirming the expulsion of
Petitioner on the grounds that Petitioner did not receive a fair hearing. This motion is based upon
the attached points and authorities, the administrative record filed herewith, and any argument
presented at the hearing on this motion,
Dated: June 5, 2020 Respectfully submitted,
Attomey for Petitioner
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF FACTS.
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES.
1. Kim Trutane had an Obligation to Recuse herself from Presiding over
Petitioner's Expulsion Hearing due to her Involvement in the Community
Response to his Instagram Account
A. Kim Trutane has Shown Actual Bias Against C.E,
B. The “Extreme Facts" of this Case Create a "Probability of Bias”.
C. AtMinimum, there was an Appearance of Bias..
Il. By Upholding Petitioner’s Expulsion, the Alameda County Board of
Education Committed an Error of Law.
CONCLUSION
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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
CASES
Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie, 475 US. 813 (1986). 12,13
Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868 (2009). 10, 11, 12, 15
Gai v, City of Selma, 68 Cal.App.4th 213 (1998). 9,11
Inre Murchison 349 US. 133 (1955)...
Mayberry v. Pennsylvania, 400 U.S. 455 (1971)
Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. State Water Resources Control Board,
45 Cal.4th 731 (2009).
Nasha L.L.C. v. City of Los Angeles, 125 Cal.App.4th 470 (2004).
Nightlife Partners, Ltd. v. City of Beverly Hills, 108 Cal.App.4th 81 (2003
Stivers v. Pierce, 71 F.3d 732 (9th Cir, 1995).
Tumey v. Ohio, 273 U.S. 510..
Ward v. Monroeville, 409 U.S. 57 (1972)
(2016)...
Williams v. Pennsylvania, 579 U.S.
Withrow v. Larkin, 421 U.S. 35 (1975)
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Cal. Const. art. I, § 7(@)..
U.S. Const. Amend. XIV, § 1
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STATEMENT OF FACTS
Until his expulsion in June 2017, Cedric Epple was a student at Albany High School
(“AHS”).
In November 2016, Cedric Epple created a private Instagram “spam” account; Cedric
Epple limited the followers of this account to approximately thirteen (13) of his friends. On the
account, Cedric Epple shared images and memes he created that he and his friends thought were
funny, but which he knew were not appropriate for posting to a broader audience. Cedric’s posts
ranged from immature and tasteless to overtly racist. Several AHS students were depicted in a
negative light on the account.
On March 20, 2017, the existence of the account became known to the larger AHS
community. The school community was severely disrupted, with large numbers of students
upset, screaming and crying, and the police were called to campus. Administrative Record
«4
21, 2017, Cedric Epple and several of the account’s followers were suspended from AHS. Later
-R.”) at 382-384; 394. In short, the school went into “crisis mode.” A.R. at 410. On March
that week, AHS administrators extended Cedric’s suspension and recommended him for
expulsion.
During the days and weeks that followed the exposure of Cedric Epple’s account, the
AHS community rallied around the students who were targeted on the account, and protested
racism. (See new evidence) Community members called on AHS, District officials, and schoo!
board members to immediately expel the students responsible for the account. (Do we have
evidence of this?) Numerous protests, rallies, sit-ins, and other community gatherings were held
in response to the account, (¢.g.; A.R. at 39-44, 367). There was also significant media
coverage of the account and the aftermath within the community. A.R. at 256. Melissa Pfohl,
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then Vice Principal of AHS, testified at Epple’s expulsion hearing that the impact of the
‘account's exposure on the community was “far greater than ... Cedric had ever imagined,” and
that it “flavored” the remainder of the school year. A.R. at 257. Tami Benau, then an assistant
principal for AHS. A.R. at 380.
Cedric Epple’s expulsion hearing was held June 1, June 10, and June 20, 2017, in front
of three members of the Albany Unified School Board: Charles Blanchard, Jacob Clark, and
Kim Trutane. On June 20, 2017, Kim Trutane moved to expel Cedric, and the two other board
members joined her motion.
Following Cedric Epple’s expulsion hearing, new evidence of Board Member Kim
‘Trutane’s bias and involvement in the underlying events emerged. On appeal to the Alameda
County Board of Education, Petitioner presented new evidence that demonstrated at least an
appearance of bias against Petitioner on the part of Kim Trutane. This “new evidence” of bias is
contained administrative records at pages 39-44, and is described below.
Petitioner timely appealed his expulsion to the Alameda County Board of Education (the
“County Board,” Respondent herein). On August 8, 2017, a hearing on his administrative appeal
‘was held. Petitioner presented new evidence, and argued he was denied due process of law at his
expulsion hearing due to the bias of one of the Board Members who presided over the hearing
(Kim Trutane). The same day, the County Board voted unanimously to uphold Petitioner's
expulsion, in further violation of Petitioner’s right to due process of law. On or about September
11, 2017, the County Board sent a brief written order upholding the expulsion, via certified mail,
to Petitioner. The order did not make any findings of fact, nor did it provide any analysis; the
Board later incorporated by reference the analysis contained in a staff report dated August 8,
2017. AR. at 660-676.
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Summary of New Evidence of Bias Petitioner Presented on Appeal
On March 22, 2017, two days after Cedric Epple’s Instagram account was
exposed, the African American/Black Parent Engagement Committee (AABPEC)
held an emergency meeting to discuss the recent events, and to strategize their
response. A.R. at 39-42. Ms. Trutane attended that meeting, and apparently made
certain “commitments.” A.R. at 40. (An email sent out to the group after the
meeting stated, “There were several commitments made from teachers, board
members and administration on making this issue and student climate a
priority.”).
The following day, March 23, Ms. Trutane sent the following personal
message to the “targeted” students:
Personal Message To The Students and The Parents of
Students Targeted in Monday's Incident:
You are on my mind. I am concerned about the impact of
Monday's incident on you and how you are feeling today,
and next week, and next year. Please know that there is
tremendous support in the Albany community for you.
‘You can see evidence of that support in your friends,
neighbors, teachers, and school staff.
‘My heart goes out to you, because it is so painful to be
targeted. My heart goes out to your parents, because I am
a parent, and something hurtful happening to my kids is
painful to me.
As a school board member, I will support efforts to
eliminate racism at our schools and build a safe, inclusive
environment for every student. Please know that.
Kim Trutane, Ph.D.
Board Trustee
Albany Unified School District
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AR. at 41.
Also on March 23, someone posted an event notification to Facebook, called
“#albany4all Gathering for Solidarity,” which was to be held March 26 in front of
Albany High School. A.R. at 43. The event notification said, “At noon, we will join
hands around the school in a show of solidary against racism and social injustice.”
Id.
The next day, March 24, Ms. Trutane commented on that Facebook event
notification: “Has this been conceived in coordination with the Black/African
American Parent Engagement group?” Several people replied, and discussed
coordinating with AABPEC to plan a Unity Rally scheduled for the following week.
On March 25, Ms. Trutane replied, “So glad you are joining forces! I am definitely
going to both events. Looking forward to sending a strong message of support
tomorrow and next Friday that we will not tolerate racism, Albany is for
everyone.” A.R. at 43.
On March 26, 2017, the “#albany4all Gathering for Solidarity” occurred at
AHS. Ms Trutane participated in that demonstration. A photograph published on
www. sfgate.com shows Ms. Trutane demonstrating in the crowd, holding up a
sign that says, “WE ARE DIVERSE & GREAT.” A.R. at p. 44.
On March 30, 2017, Ms. Trutane participated in another demonstration at
AHS, which occurred outside of a restorative justice session related to the
Instagram incident. At that demonstration, Ms. Trutane told some of the
demonstrating students that the boys would be coming out soon, and urged
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nonviolence. A.R. at 36.
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
I. Kim Trutane had an Obligation to Recuse herself from Presiding over
Petitioner’s Expulsion Hearing due to her Involvement in the Community
Response to his Instagram Account.
Students facing the deprivation of their fundamental right to education are
entitled to due process under the United States and the California Constitutions.
U.S. Const. Amend. XIV, § 1; Cal. Const. art. I, § 7(a); Nightlife Partners, Lid. v.
City of Beverly Hills, 108 Cal.App.4th 81 (2003) (noting constitutional due process
guarantees also apply to administrative proceedings at the local level). Although
only minimal due process rights apply at expulsion hearings, even the
Constitutional floor of due process demands a neutral arbiter. Withrow v. Larkin,
421 US. 35, 46 (1975).
“Procedural due process in the administrative setting requires that the
hearing be conducted “before a reasonably impartial, noninvolved reviewer.”
Nasha L.L.C. v. City of Los Angeles, 125 Cal.App.4th 470, 488 (2004), citing Gai v.
City of Selma, 68 Cal.App.4th 213, 219 (1998) [italics original]. “Violation of this
due process guarantee can be demonstrated not only by proof of actual bias but
also by showing a situation ‘in which experience teaches that the probability of
actual bias of the part of the judge or decisionmaker is too high to be
constitutionally tolerable.” Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. State Water
Resources Control Board, 45 Cal.4th 781, 737 (2009), citing Withrow v, Larkin, 421
U.S. 35, 47 (1975). “[D]ue process in an administrative hearing also demands an
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appearance of fairness and the absence of even a probability of outside influence on
the adjudication.” Nightlife, supra, 108 Cal.App.4th at 90 [italics original].
In Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co., the United States Supreme Court found
that the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires a judge to
recuse himself or herself when actual bias has been demonstrated; when the judge
has an economic interest in the outcome of the case; or when "extreme facts” create
a "probability of bias.” 556 U.S. 868 (2009). The Supreme Court recently reaffirmed
that even the probability of bias is enough to offend the Due Process Clause
(Williams v. Pennsylvania, 579 U.S.____ (2016) [“Chief Justice Castille’s
significant, personal involvement in a critical decision in Williams's case gave rise to
an unacceptable risk of actual bias. This risk so endangered the appearance of
neutrality that his participation in the case ‘must be forbidden if the guarantee of
due process is to be adequately implemented. Withrow, 421 U. S., at 47.”,}) The
Ninth Circuit has also found that an appearance of bias is sufficient to offend the
14% Amendment. See Stivers v. Pierce, 71 F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 1995).
In Nasha, the Court of Appeals found an unacceptable probability of bias on
the part of a Planning Commissioner who presided over an appeal by opponents to
a development project in Los Angeles. Nasha, supra, 125 Cal.App. 4th at 478. Prior
to the appeal, the Commissioner authored an article in a neighborhood newsletter
which contained a summary of the proposed development project. Id. at 476. The
article was entitled, “Multiview Drive Project Threat to Wildlife Corridor.” Ibid.
‘The brief article was mostly factual, summarizing the proposed development
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project and the procedural history of proposal. Jbid. But one sentence in the article
evidenced the Commissioner's bias: “The Multiview Drive site is an absolutely
crucial habitat corridor.” Ibid. Not surprisingly, the Commissioner voted with the
majority to halt the project. Id. at 477-478.
The Court of Appeals set aside the Planning Commission's decision, finding
the Commissioner's “authorship of the newsletter article gave rise to an
unacceptable probability of actual bias and was sufficient to preclude [the
Commissioner] from serving as a ‘reasonably impartial, noninvolved reviewer.” Id.
at 484, citing Gai, supra, 68 Cal.App.4th at 219. The court held the Commissioner
“clearly should have recused himself from hearing this matter. His participation in
the appeal to the Planning Commission requires the Commission's decision be
vacated.” Ibid.
In Caperton, the Court reviewed two factual scenarios in which it had
previously found a “probability of bias,” or circumstances in which a reasonable
decisionmaker would at least be seriously tempted to tender bias toward one side.
The first scenario is where the decisionmaker may receive some indirect pecuniary
benefit based on the outcome of a matter over which he or she is charged with
presiding. In Tumey v. Ohio, due process prohibited the village mayor from
presiding over a hearing where part of the mayor's salary was derived from fines
assessed against individuals who were found guilty of violating the law. 273 U.S.
510, 522 (1927). Similarly, in Ward v. Monroeville, due process prohibited another
mayor from presiding over a hearing where the potential fine went into the general
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fund of the town, due to “possible temptation” by the mayor to generate funds. 409
U.S. 87, 60 (1972). And in Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Lavoie, due process precluded a
judge from deciding a question of punitive damages in a case very similar to
another pending case in which the judge was a plaintiff. 475 U.S. 813, 825 (1986).
In each of these cases, the courts found that it was not possible to identify actual
bias, but the circumstances were such that a reasonable person would be tempted
to adjudicate in a particular direction due to potential personal interest in the
outcome of the matter.
‘The second category of cases that the Caperton Court examined involved
factual scenarios in which a judge who was presiding over a matter would have a
high probability bias because of a previous history in presiding over related.
matters whereby ether a prior relationship with the defendant may have existed
and/or the judge had a familiarity with outside facts. Caperton at 869, citing In re
Murchison 349 U.S. 133 (1955), Mayberry v. Pennsylvania, 400 U.S. 455 (1971).
‘The facts of Caperton did not fall under either of these categories of cases
just discussed. There, the appellant alleged a judge presiding over the appeal was
probably biased because one party in the case played a pivotal role in getting the
judge elected. Id at 881-882. There, the appellant contributed approximately 3
million dollars to unseat the incumbent and help the judge in question get elected.
Id, at 884-885. The Court also found significant the timing of the election, as it was
“reasonably foreseeable” that the appeal at issue would be pending before the court
on which the winner of the contested election would sit. Id. at 884-887.
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The Court held the facts in Caperton created “a possible temptation to the
average ... judge to ... lead him not to hold the balance nice, clear and true.”
(Caperton at 886, citing Lavoie at 825.) The Court found the facts in Caperton were
“extreme,” and noted that those facts which create an unconstitutional probably of
bias “cannot be defined with precision.” Id. at 887, citing Lavoie at 822.
As shown below, Petitioner has demonstrated actual bias on the part of Ms.
Trutane. At a minimum, the extreme facts of Cedric Epple’s expulsion hearing and
Ms. Trutane’s active participation in community protests create a probability — or at
Jeast an appearance - of bias.
A. Kim Trutane has Shown Actual Bias Against C.E.
Under the high court's cases, due process requires disqualification when a
jurist has either a personal pecuniary stake in the outcome of the case or has
become embroiled in the battle. Such circumstances rebut the presumption of
judicial impartiality and it becomes constitutionally intolerable to permit the
affected jurist to continue to preside over the matter. These protections have been
applied government administrative hearings as well. See Stivers v. Pierce, 71 F.3d
782 (Oth Cir. 1995).
Here, Ms. Trutane became directly embroiled in Petitioner's expulsion case
when she involved herself in community demonstrations and made public
statements on the internet related to the demonstrations. The Alameda County
Board of Education, affirming Petitioner's expulsion on appeal, adopted the
reasoning that to find Ms. Trutane should have recused herself “would result in an
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elected official constantly being subject to allegations of bias and recusal for simply
performing the duties in office the official was elected to do.” Ms. Trutane exceeded
the threshold and did more than simply showing up to community events, or listen
to the concerns of her constituents. The evidence is clear that Ms. Trutane actively
inserted herself into the community response to Petitioner's Instagram account,
going as far as demonstrating at a rally held in protest to his account, holding a sign
with the following statement emblazoned, “We are diverse and great.” Prior to that
demonstration, Ms. Trutane had made a statement online that she would be
attending two community demonstrations for the purpose of “sending a strong
message of support...that we will not tolerate racism, Albany is for everyone.” While
these statements by themselves might not show a direct bias against Petitioner, the
context in which Ms. Trutane made the statements — when the Albany community
was mobilizing in heated, active protest to Petitioner's Instagram account, and, in
the case of the “We are diverse and great” sign, while Ms. Trutane herself was
actively participating in a rally held in protest to Petitioner's account ~ shows Ms.
‘Trutane intentionally embroiled herself in the controversy, all-the-while knowing
that her position as a member of the Albany Board of Education could eventually
result in her adjudication or supervision of discipline on the student who was the
center of the controversy . Given these undisputed facts, there can be no claim that
Ms. Trutane did not become so engrossed in Petitioner's matter that her objectivity
was compromised.
This Court should issue a writ of mandate, finding Ms. Trutane
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demonstrated impermissible bias against Petitioner, in violation of his right
to due process.
cts" of this ate a "Probability of Bi:
Even if this Court does not find actual bias on Ms. Trutane’s part, the
extreme facts of this case require that this Court find a probability of bias.
‘This case presents a similar concern as expressed by Caperton, in that
the facts do not neatly fit into a precedential case whereby due process was
found to require recusal of a decisionmaker, yet an examination of the full
facts demonstrates that a reasonable decisionmaker would face at least,
temptation to be biased against Petitioner. The Albany community was
outraged at Epple’s Instagram account, and mobilized in protest during the
weeks and months following its exposure. Vice Principal Melissa Pfohl
testified at Epple’s expulsion hearing, “[W]hat was done here was hurtful to
so many people. Not just the people who were targeted on the account, but so
many people. I believe there needs to be a very extreme interruption of
business as usual. There needs to be an extreme interruption of the support
for [Petitioner] that led him to do this.” (A.R. at 248: 6-13.)
‘The heated atmosphere in which Petitioner's expulsion hearing occurred,
along with Ms. Trutane’s active involvement in community demonstrations,
constitute extreme facts under which this court should find at least a probability of
bias too great not to require recusal.
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C. At Minimum, there was an Appearance of Bias,
Government arbitrators must avoid even the appearance of bias even when.
no bias exists. That the appearance of bias can be grounds for a Fourteenth
Amendment violation is illustrated in the Supreme Court's 2009 ruling in Caperton.
The U.S. Supreme Court disqualified the judge in question, holding that his
participation in his benefactors case violated Due Process guarantees. Notably, the
Court did not determine that Justice Benjamin was actually biased. Instead, it
concluded that the high independent expenditures created at least a perception of
bias that undermined the public's confidence in a fair and impartial judiciary.
Similarly, in Stivers the Ninth Circuit found:
[T]he adjudicator's pecuniary or personal interest in the outcome of the
proceedings may create an appearance of partiality that violates due
process, even without any showing of actual bias. Gibson, 411 U.S. at
578, 93 S.Ct. at 1697-98; see also Exxon Corp. v. Heinze, 32 F.3d 1399,
1408 (9th Cir.1994) (“the Constitution is concerned not only with
actual bias but also with ‘the appearance of justice.’”).
Stivers at 741.
While there is no claim here that Ms. Trutane had any direct pecuniary
interest in the outcome of Petitioner's hearing, Caperton nonetheless instructs that
appearance of bias is itself sufficient to warrant recusal. The evidence of Ms.
‘Trutane’s conduct in the aftermath of the exposure of Petitioner's Instagram
account easily give the appearance that Petitioner was not afforded a fair and
neutral arbiter. Just as taking a large endorsement from a litigant may give the
appearance of bias, so does Ms. Trutane attending a political rally protesting
Petitioner's conduct and making public statements in support of the groups
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protesting Petitioner. At a minimum, Ms. Trutane’s active involvement in the
community demonstrations created an appearance of bias, and she therefore should
have recused herself from presiding over Petitioner's expulsion hearing.
Il. _ By Upholding Petitioner’s Expulsion, the Alameda County Board of Education
Committed an Error of Law.
‘The Alameda County Board of Education made an error of law in that it did not apply the
law correctly to the underlying proceedings regarding impartial decision makers. See Nasha v.
ity of Los Angeles, 125 Cal.App.4th 470 (2004) (decision makers in qua:
icial hearings
‘must be reasonably impartial and noninvolved). The evidence of Ms. Trutane’s bias, raised at the
County Board of Education appeal, demonstrated that Ms. Trutane was neither reasonably
impartial nor uninvolved. Given the arguments above, and the undisputed evidence of Ms.
‘Trutane’s involvement in the community response to Petitioner's account, the County Board
erred in finding “{t]he involvement proffered by Appellant did not create an objective appearance
of bias or establish Trustee Trutane’s personal interest in the outcome of the expulsion
proceedings.” A.R. at 208,
CONCLUSION
For the reasons argued herein, Petitioner asks this court to issue a writ of mandate
ordering the Board to reverse its August 8, 2017, decision affirming Petitioner's expulsion.
Dated: June 5, 2020 Respectfully submit
DARRYL YO)
ALAN BECK,
CATHERINE BEEKMAN
Attorneys for Petitioner Cedric Epple
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PROOF OF SERVICE
Superior Court of California for the County of Alameda
Cedric Epple v. Alameda County Board of Education
Case No.: RG18922005
I, the undersigned, declare that I am employed in the City of Berkeley, State of California. I
am over the age of 18 years and not a party to the within action(s); my business address is P.O. Box
9636, Berkeley, California,
On June 5, 2020, I served the following documents:
1) MOTION FOR WRIT OF ADMINISTRATIVE MANDAMUS (CODE CIV. PROC. §§
1094.5, 1085)
on the parties and real parties in interest in said action(s), via U.S. Mail addressed as follows:
Attorneys for Respondents
Fagen Friedman & Fulfrost, LLP
Attn: Seth Eckstein
70 Washington Street #205
Oakland, CA 94607
Atkinson, Andelson, Loya, Ruud & Romo
Attn: Guy A. Bryant
5075 Hopyard Road, Suite 210
Pleasanton, CA 94588
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing
is true and correct and that this declaration was executed on June 5, 2020 at Berkeley, California.
Darryl Yorke
Proof of Serie 7