Paper 2 PYQ

Notebook: Agri Eng paper 1

Created: 2/3/2019 11:40 PM Updated: 1/18/2020 3:47 PM
Author: nitinkhari2008@gmail.com
URL: file:///C:\Users\Nishant\Downloads\2016.docx

.......................2019...................
Q1) 8X5
a. Explain the working and importance of the thermostat valve in the cooling system of an I.C. engine
b. Explain the working principles of a centrifugal governor with neat sketch diagram. Hove is the
speed maintained constant under varying load condi ons in an I.C. engine ?
c. What are the different types of threshing cylinders/drums employed on mechanical threshers for different
crops ? Explain them briefly with the help of sketches
d. Explain with the help of labelled diagram, the construc on details of single reflector box solar cooker.
What are the limita ons of solar cookers ?
e. A high speed diesel engine running at 2000 rev/min has a single cylinder. During compression stroke, the
fuel injec on starts 20° before top dead centre and ends at the top dead centre. Calculate the dura on (in
seconds) of the fuel injec on that takes place in the cylinder

Q2) 10+15+15
a. What is the purpose of trac on aids in wheeled tractors ? Discuss the different types of trac on aids used
in a wheeled tractor
b. What do you mean by valve ming diagram of a four-stroke I.C. engine ? Describe the occurrence of events
in a four-cylinder four-stroke engine in a tabular form, having standard firing order.
c. What do you understand by dra sensing in hydraulics of a tractor ? Discuss with the help of suitable
diagram, the automa c posi on control systems on tractors.

Q3) 10+15+15
a. Draw a neat sketch showing the basic components of a tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer having
mechanical agita on. Explain the different factors that affect the amount of spray liquid applied per
hectare by a field sprayer.

b. What are different types of rotors of windmill ? Describe the different components of wind-electric
genera ng system with the help of suitable diagram.
c. What are the different adjustments in the front wheels of tractors ? Discuss with the help of suitable
diagram

Q4) 10+15+15
a. A mul -plate clutch is to be designed for a vehicle whose engine develops maximum torque of 13 Nm at
3500 r.p.m. The external diameter of the clutch facings is limited to 100 mm and the inner diameter may be
assumed to be 0.2 mes the external diameter. The maximum intensity of pressure may be taken as 80 kPa
and μ = 0.3. Calculate the number of plates. Assume uniform wear.

b. With the help of suitable diagram, show the different components of floa ng dome type biogas plant.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of floa ng dome and fixed dome type digesters in a biogas plant.
c. What are the func ons of Combine harvester ? Discuss the different types and sources of grain losses.

Q5) 8X5
a. State Bond's Law of Crushing. What is Work Index ? State the principle of opera on of a jaw crusher.
b. What is the importance of dehydra on in processing of food? State the principle of opera on of a tray
dryer.
c. What is rice husk ? Describe how energy can be generated from rice husk.
d. State how microprocessors can be u lised in acquisi on of data and can subsequently be used in
agricultural engineering.
e. What is meant by strain ? Draw the typical stress- strain curve showing linear, necking and eventual break
regions. What is the principle of opera on of a metal strain-gauge ?

Q6) 15+15+10
a. Among the two types of conveyors- belt and screw, which type consumes more power and why ? With a
diagram, explain the opera on of a screw conveyor
b. What is boiling point eleva on ? State the principle of opera on of a falling film evaporator. Why is this type
of evaporator preferred for concentra ng heat-sensi ve materials like fruit juice and milk ?
c. Orange juice needs to be concentrated using an evaporator from an ini al moisture content of 80%(wet
basis) to a final moisture content of 45% (dry basis). Calculate the amount of moisture to be removed from
100 kg of orange juice.

Q7) 15+15+10
a. Why is homogenisa on of milk important in the dairy industry ? With the help of a neat diagram, describe
the opera on of a cream separator.
b. Describe how milk powder can be produced from the liquid milk slurry in a spray dryer
c. State why freeing can be considered as a method of preserva on of food. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of quick freezing?

Q8) 15+15+10
a. What is the basic difference between sensors and transducers ? For what purpose is a rotameter used in
fluid flow ? How does it operate ?
b. Differen ate between the working principles of sequen al and combina on systems of digital circuits
c. What is Seebeck effect ? Find the Seebeck emf, in mV, for a material with α= 60 μV/°C if the junc on
temperatures are 30 °C and 100 °C, where α is a propor onality constant

.............2018 ..................................

Q1) 8X5
a. Define llage. What do you understand by primary llage and secondary llage ? Classify implements on
the basis of how they are a ached to the tractor.

b. Explain the working of 4-stroke cycle diesel engine with the help of labelled sketch.

c. Define Ergonomics and Anthropometry. Describe in brief about the human factors considered in design of
modern tractors.

d. What is trac on ? Explain with proper equa ons/expressions how the trac on can be improved under (i)
sandy soil, and (ii) clayey soil condi ons

e. Explain the working principle of a downdra type gasifier with a suitable diagram.

Q2) 10+10+20
a. What is the func on of furrow opener in a seed drill ? Write down the different types of furrow openers,
their construc on and the soil condi ons in which they are suitable.

b. What is the func on of a mower ? Write down the different parts of a conven onal reciproca ng mower.
What do you understand by Alignment and Registra on of mower?
c. Define the following :
1. Volume efficiency
2. octane number
3. IHP
4. Detona on
5. Igni on delay
6. Theore cal field capacity
7. Scouring
8. Centre of resistance of MB plough
9. Disc angle
10. Solar constant

Q3) 10+10+20
a. What are the different phases of anaerobic diges on for bio-gas produc on ? What are the advantages of
anaerobic diges on ?

b. How is power transmi ed from the engine to the trac on wheels and PTO sha of two-wheel drive tractor
? Explain with a suitable schema c diagram.

c. A tractor operated hydraulic sprayer has 13 nozzles at 40 cm spacing. The applica on rate and speed of
travel are 800 lit/ha and 5 km/h, respec vely. Determine the nozzle flow rate in lit/min.
Also determine the working pressure and power requirement of the pump if the nozzle diameter is 0.5 mm
Consider the coefficient of discharge and mechanical efficiency of the pump as 0.35 and 0.6, respec vely.

Q4) 15+15+10
a. Explain the principle of opera on of concentra ng type solar collector with a suitable diagram.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of such collectors over flat plate solar collectors ?

b. Determine the cost of opera on in Rs/hour of a 45 hp tractor of Rs 6.0 lakh purchase price following
straight line method of deprecia on. Consider the opera onal life of the tractor is 10 years and its salvage
value as 10% of purchase price. Assume all other necessary parameters as and when necessary.

c. The cut-in wind speed of a horizontal axis wind generator having 8 m diameter blade span is 5.0 m/s. The
wind turbine generates 4.0 kW electrical power at 6.5 m/s wind speed. Determine the overall efficiency of the
wind turbine generator considering the density of air as 1.2 kg /m3.

Q5) 8X5
a. What are the reasons for fouling of heat exchangers during milk processing?

b. Explain with a neat diagram how a diaphragm can be used for measuring pressure difference in a system.

c. What is meant by sphericity of a par cle ? Write the expression for determining sphericity of a body. How
does a jaw crusher work?

d. What are the steps involved in producing alcohol from sugarcane bagasse?

e. Name any two input devices and two output devices of a computer. What are the primary and secondary
storage of a computer system ? What is the func on of the central processing unit of a computer?

Q6) 15+10+15
a. With a neat diagram describe the opera on of a belt conveyor indica ng the placement of valves and
motors.

b. The mass of a material on a belt conveyor of length 20 m is 200 kg and the conveyor is moving with a speed
of 2 m/min Calculate the capacity i.e. the flow rate of material on the belt conveyor in kg/s.

c. What is Seebeck effect ? How is this principle applied in the opera on of a thermocouple used for
measuring temperature?

Q7) 10+15+15
a. Write the basic mass and energy balance equa ons for a single effect evaporator, clearly defining each
term.

b. What is meant by dry and wet basis calcula ons for moisture content in solids ? How much water must be
removed from parboiled paddy with 45% moisture content (wet basis) to produce 500 kg of dry parboiled
paddy with 15% moisture content (wet basis) ?

c. What is a filter aid? Name any one material that is used as a filter aid. Describe the opera on of any one
batch filter used in agricultural processes.

Q8) 15+15+10
a. Draw the flowchart of making bu er from milk in a con nuous process.

b. What is the difference between sterilisa on and pasteurisa on ? What are the steps involved in making
cheddar cheese from milk ?

c. Write the algorithm in any programming language for calcula ng the Reynolds number when various sets of
values of diameter of a pipe (D), linear velocity of a fluid through the pipe (v), density of the fluid (p) and
viscosity of the fluid (µ) are given.
...........................................2017.....................

Sec on A
Q1 : 8X5
a. Define farm mechaniza on index. Discuss the mechaniza on status of different farm opera ons in India.
What is the power availability on Indian farms and their cons tuent sources compared to developed
countries.

b. Differen ate between the following; ^

(i) Cl and SI engine
(h) Octane Number and Cetane Number
(lii) Thcmial efficiency and Mechanical efficiency
(iv) Caster angle and Camber angle in tractor

c. List the factors to be considered for the design of biogas plant. Briefly discuss the components of a biogas
plant with the help of neat sketch.

d. Total dra of a 4-bo om trailed Mould Board plough is 2000 kg when it is moving at a speed of 6 km/h.
Calculate
(i) the unit dra in kg/cni^ if the depth of cut is 20 cm
(ii) drawbar horse power required to operate the implement and
(iii) field capacity.

e. What is secondary llage system ? Write its objec ves. Explain u lity of spike tooth and spring tooth
harrows.

Q2 : 10+10+10+10

a. Explain the importance of cooling system m a tractor. Describe the principle and working of a forced
circula on system. Why thermostat is used ? 1 0

2.{b) Explain the working principle of internal combus on engine. How it differs from external combus on
engine ?

2.(c) A 4-stroke engine has a mean effec ve pressure of 7 kg/cm^2 ; area of piston 730 cm^2; 45 cm stroke
length; 110 kg-m torque due to brake load; 4-5 kg fuel consump on per hour and working speed 120 rpm.
Calculate IHP, BHP,
Mechanical efficiency and specific fuel consump on. 10

2.(d) Calculate the compression ra o and clearance volume of an engine whose dimensions are 100 x 120 mm
and the length of clearance space at top dead centre being 8 mm.

Q3 10+10+10+10

a. Describe in brief various energy efficient cooking stoves and alternate cooking fuels.
3.(b) Describe the working of wind energy system with the help of line diagram along with main components.

c. Find out height and diameter of the digester of a bibgas plant, whose design is to be matched with input
feed from dairy of 80 cows and 40 calves.
Following assump ons may be made ;
Calves produce half gobar (dung) compared to cows
Average gobar (dung) available per ca le per day = ] 0 kg
Average biogas available per kg gobar (dung) per day = 0.03 m^3
Average content of solid in gobar (dung) = 18%
Average bulk density of gobar (dung) = 1100 kg/m3
Op mum ra o of gobar (dung) : water in slurry = 1:1

d. What is the func on of hydraulic nozzle in plant protec on equipment? Enlist different types of hydraulic
nozzles and their applica on. 10

Q4 : 10+10+10+10
a. Discuss about safety and maintenance measures of electronic motors to be used for agricultural opera ons.
What types of motors are normally used in Agricultural sector ?

b. An agricultural machine has to be operated by solar energy. W hat should be the area of solar panel normal
to Sun’s rays (assuming very sunny day) in India with following parameters ?
Energy requirement : 7.5 kW
Efficiency of solar cell : 75%
Efficiency of ba ery : 90%
Efficiency of electric motor : 85%

Also calculate the power availability on cloudy day (make necessary assump ons if required)

c.What is the efficiency of ergonomics in farm machine design ? Define human efficiency. Describe the
methods to assess human energy consump on of a farm worker. What are various angles the agriculture
worker has to work ?

d. Why decibel scale is used for sound measurement ? What is the sound pressure tor a 80 dB(A) sound of a
tractor ? If the sound pressure is increased eight mes,
determine the resul ng sound in dB(A). What are tractor seat vibra on parameters ? Discuss in detail.

Sec on B
Q5 )10+10+10+10

a. Discuss the advantages of cold storage in respect of food processing. What is cold food chain ? How it works
?

b. What parameters are to be considered while designing a bucket elevator ? Describe briefly.

c. With respect to steriliza on of food, define thermal death me and decimal reduc on me. What can be
the effect if the steriliza on is not done.
d.Write basic principles involved in working of thermocouples. How law of intermediate temperature and
metals is used in design of thermocouples ? Also
explain the construc on and advantages of thermopiles.

Q6 10+10+10+10
a. Classify flow meters. Explain the func oning of a hot wire anemometer. Draw a neat sketch.

b. Write the working principle of the following :

1. Piezoelectric transducer

2. Pyrometer

3. Semi conductor resistance sensors

4. Signal condi oning

5. Vibra on meter

c. Describe different types of torque sensors along with their working principles. How the torque of PTO pulley
can be measured ?

d. Discuss the criteria and methods of sor ng of food materials. Draw sketch of pneuma c method sor ng
machine.

Q7 ) 10+10+10+10

a. What are the benefits of size reduc on in food processing ? A crusher requires 10 kW for grinding a material
at the rate of 100 kg/h from 2 cm size to 0.5 cm size. How much power would be required if the reduc on was
to 0.4 cm. Use both
Kick’s law as well as Ri nger’s law to solve the problem.

b. Write the physical and thermal proper es of food and their importance in food processing. Apple juice
needs to be concentrated using an evaporator from an ini al moisture content of 85% (w.b.) to a final
moisture content of 50% (d.b.). Calculate the amount of moisture required to be removed from 100 kg of
apple juice to achieve the same. Draw a mass balance diagram for the same.

c. Define water ac vity. Draw a typical drying curve and explain the mechanism of drying. How moisture
content could be quickly removed — explain various measures.

d. Explain five important sta c characteris c parameters of a simplified measuring system. Derive an
expression for output of a first order instrument.
Q8 ) 10+10+10+10
a. Define precision and accuracy of an instrument with suitable examples.

b. Discuss the func ons of CPU and memory devices in computers. How microprocessor helps in acquisi on of
data related to agriculture ?

c. Write different technological op ons available for u liza on of rice husk.

d. Write the problem associated with storage of rice bran and its possible reasons. Explain with the help of
suitable flow diagram the extrac on of oil from rice bran.

.........................2016 ..............................

Q1) 8X5 (2X4)

a. Differen ate between the following in brief:

1. Naturally aspirated engine and Turbo-charged engine

2. Centrifugal pump and Gear pump

3. Single plate clutch system and Dual plate clutch system

4. Wheel base and Track width

b. Differen ate between the following in brief :

1. Indigenous and Soil turning ploughs

2. Offset and Tandem disc harrow

3. Seed drill and Planter

4. Center of resistance and Center of pull

c. Differen ate between the following in brief :

1. Gas engine and Dual fuel engine

2. CNG and Bio-CNG

3. Anaerobic process and Aerobic process

4. Ac ve solar hea ng and Passive solar hea ng

d.
 1. A three-bo om, 40 cm mouldboard plough is working at a depth of 16 cm. Calculate the actual field
capacity when the speed of opera on is 4.5 km/h and field performance index is 0.75.
2. Calculate the area covered (ha) in 8 hours for an animal drawn seed drill which has three furrow
openers 180 mm apart. The speed of opera on is 2 km/h.
3. A 4 m width of cut combine is travelling at 50 m/min speed. In one minute me, 50 kg of grain was
collected in the grain tank and 60 kg of material was discharged at the rear of the machine. Calculate
the capacity of the combine on throughput basis.
4. Calculate the ver cal soil reac on on an implement weighing 350 kg, when a pull of 6.5 kN is exerted on
it at an angle of 15° with the ground surface.

e. Discuss the major differences between the following :

1. Biogas and Producer gas

2. Biodiesel and Bio-ethanol

3. Single phase electric motor and Three phase electric motor

4. Downdra gassifier and Updra gassifier

Q2 ) 10+10+10+2X5
a. Draw a neat figure showing different components of a fuel supply system of a general purpose
tractor and describe its working.

b. Draw a neat schema c diagram of a tractor power train and discuss the significance of each member of the
power train.

c. Describe the working of an oil bath type air cleaner.

d.

1. Why do general purpose tractors have larger rear wheels and smaller front wheels ?

2. Why is a certain amount of valve clearance provided in valves of IC engines ?

3. Why do tractor rear wheels have lesser infla on pressure than the front wheels ?
4. Why is a breather provided in an engine ?

5. Why does the radiator in a tractor cooling system have a pressure.

Q3 ) 10+10+10+2X5

a. List the different types of seed and fer lizer metering mechanisms used in modern seed-cum-fer lizer drills
commonly used in India. How does the rate of applica on vary using these mechanisms ?
b. List the different types of nozzles used for the applica on of agro-chemicals in
manually operated sprayers used in India. How does their spray pa ern differ ? Write about their specific
use in plant protec on.

c. What are the modifica ons required to run a constant speed diesel engine on dual fuel (biogas +
diesel) mode and why ?

d. Write short notes on the following : (5+5)

1. Terracer blade

2. Trac on aids for wheel tractors

Q4) 15+ (5+5+5) + (5+5)

a. Calculate the volume of a biogas digester and power available from it assuming the following :

Number of animals = 8
Reten on me = 20 days
Temperature of diges on = 35°C
Dry ma er consumed per animal per day = 2 kg
Burner efficiency = 70%
Methane content in biogas = 70%
Density of dry ma er in slurry = 50 kg/m3
Biogas yield per unit dry mass = 0.2 m3/kg
Heat of combus on of methane = 28 MJ/m^3 at STP

b. Write short notes on the following :

1. Solar lantern

2. Solar cooker

3. Gas engines

c. Write the major differences between the following :

1. Tar and Par culate ma er

2. Brique ng and Charring
 3. Wind mill and Water mill

4. Mechanical efficiency and Thermal efficiency

5. Total solids and Vola le solids

Sec on B

Q5) (2X4) X 5

a. Differen ate between the following :

1. Analog and Digital signals

2. Readability and Span

3. True value and Accuracy

4. Force and Torque

b. Describe in brief the method of measurement calibra on of the following :

1. Dra requirement of animal drawn plough

2. Dra requirement of a tractor drawn trailed disc harrow

c. How are the following measurements done ?

1. Brake Horse power of an engine using hydraulic brake dynamometer.

2. Calibra on of a hydraulic tension dynamometer .

d. Differen ate between the following :

1. Osmosis and Dehdra on

2. Equilibrium moisture content and Moisture content

3. Angle of repose and Angle of internal fric on

4. Specific heat and Thermal conduc vity

e. Write the basic drying principle(s) involved in the following :

 1. mechanical drying

2. Chemical drying

3. Vacuum drying

4. Freeze drying

Q6) 10+10+10+10
a. What are the major differences between a Hammer mill and a Roller mill ?
b. Describe the working of a cyclone separator. How is its separa on factor related to the weight of a par cle
?

c. Describe the basic methods of force measurement.

d. Which are the by-products generated during milling of paddy ? Describe how the by-products can be
profitably used

Q7)
a. What are the common types of equipment used in grain handling ? Discuss in brief the factors
considered in their selec on.

b. Name the different types of strain measuring equipment and describe in brief the techniques adopted
using strain gauges.
c. Differen ate between the working principle and applica on of Spray and Roller driers in Milk Powder
manufacture.

d. Describe how sugarcane bagasse can be u lized, not going as waste.

Q8) 10+10+10+10
a. How are Microprocessors used in data acquisi on and control of Agricultural Engineering
processes ?

b. Describe in brief the applica on of Mul media and Audio-Visual aids in propaga on of foresta on

c. Explain in brief thé role of C.P.U. and memory devices in modern computers

d. Differen ate between the. working principle of sequen al and combina on

systems of Digital circuits.

..............2015 ............................................
Q1) 8X5

a. A photovoltaic system connected to an inverter and a pump set installed in a borewell pumps water from
a depth of 48 m. The solar cells are made from single crystal silicon and the array consists of 24 modules
each of size 100 x 50 cm, cell size 10.4 x 10.4 cm. Number of cells equal to 36 and conversion efficiency is of
12.8 percent. The inverter and pump motor set efficiency is 85 and 45 percent respec vely. Calculate the
water discharge rate at noon when the global radia on incident normally on the cell is 945 W/m2.

b. What is the principle of opera on of a diesel engine ?

c. What are the types of suppor ng towers used for wind energy conversion systems ? Discuss the
considera ons in their selec on.

d. A gas expands through an ideally insulated nozzle following a reversible polytrophic law PVI.2 =C .There is
no change in poten al energy but the pressure drops from 20 bar to 2 bar and specific volume increases from
0.05 m3 to 0.3 m3. If the entrance velocity is 80 m/s, determine the exit velocity.

e. A bullock drawn single row planter has a wheel of 50 cm diameter. The wheel sha carries a 7-teeth
sprocket which drives a 12-teeth sprocket on a counter sha . Another 7-teeth sprocket on the counter sha
drives a 12-teeth sprocket on a sha carrying a metering disc with 4 cells on its periphery for dropping of
single seed per drill. Calculate the total number of seeds dropped along the row in 10 minutes, if the bullocks
pull the drill at 2.5 km/h

Q2) 15+15+10

a. Explain with a neat diagram the func oning of a feed reversing device mounted on power chaff cu er for
the safety of operators.

b. What are the modifica ons required in a combus on igni on engine for opera ng it as a dual fuel (diesel +
biogas) engine ?

c. Explain governor regula on and governor hun ng in an engine

Q3) 10+10+10+10

a. An ideal diesel engine has a diameter of 150 mm and a stroke of 200 mm. The clearance volume
is 10 percent of the swept volume. Determine the compression ra o and air standard efficiency of the
engine, if the cut-off takes place at 6 percent of the stroke. Assume the adiaba c index as 1.4.

b. Explain how to determine the torque and axial force on a propeller type wind turbine blade at maximum
efficiency.

c. How will you calibrate a seed drill for checking its correct seed rate ?

d. A 25 hp tractor is running at 1000 rpm. The total reduc on of speed in transmission is 10 : 1. Find the
trac ve force at each driving wheel, if the diameter of the driving wheel is 1.32 m.
Q4) 10+10+10+10
a. A two-stroke single cylinder diesel engine having 20 cm bore diameter and 30 cm stroke length has a brake
wheel of 1 m. Its indicated mean effec ve pressure is 2.8 kg/cm2, load on the brake 64 kg, speed 400
rpm and fuel consumed is 4.6 kg/h. The calorific value of the fuel is
10,500 kcal/kg. Calculate the mechanical efficiency and brake thermal efficiency. Assume heat value per 1 kW-
h as 860 kcal.

b. Using trac on theory, derive the useful pull obtained by a pneuma c red tractor.

c. Calculate the day length at a loca on where the la tude is 28°35’ N and the longitude 77,12 E on
1.12.1999.

d. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using disc plough for primary llage ?

SECTION B

Q5) 8X5

a. Calculate the rate of movement and the distance travelled by a flat globule in a centrifugal separator,
if the diameter of the fat par cle is 6 micro meter, radius of bowl is 12 cm, rpm of bowl is 7000, and
capacity of the separator is 3000 l/h . Volume of milk in the bowl is 3 litres. Assume coefficient of viscosity of
milk as 2.12 x 12^-2 gcm(-1)s(-1) at 21°C. Density of serum and fat globules is 1.037 g/cm3 and 0.92 g/cm3
respec vely.

b. Explain the components of a wheat mill.

c. Explain the types of computers used based on size and complexity.

d. A half wave rec fier having a resistance load of 1 k-ohms rec fies an alterna ng voltage of 325 V peak value
and the diode has a forward resistance of 100 ohms. Calculate its DC power output.

e. What are the ways to reduce fouling of heat exchangers during milk steriliza on ?

Q6) 10+10+10+10

a. With a neat diagram, explain the safety thermal limit recorder-controller used in high
temperature short me system of milk pasteuriza on.
b. During the evalua on of an air screen grain cleaner with two screens, the following observa ons were
recorded :

impuri es present in the feed : 6.5%

impuri es present in the clean grain : 0.5%
the ou low of blower contained 0.2% clean seed
the overflow of the first screen contained 1% clean seed
the underflow contained 0.5% clean seed
Compute the cleaning efficiency of the cleaner.

c. Compare the CE, CB and CC configura ons of an amplifier.

d. Explain primary and secondary storage in a computer. How is data
stored in a computer ?

Q7) 10+10+10+10

a. Find out the refrigera on load of an ice-cream freezer in tonnes when the capacity of the freezer is 700
kg/h; drawing temperature -5°C; ini al temperature of the mix 4°C; ini al freezing temperature of the mix
-2.5°C; water content of the mix 63% ; specific heat of the mix 0.8 kcal/kg°C ; specific heat of the mix at 100%
overrun 0.6 kcal/kg°C; percentage of water frozen at -5°C, 47%. Assume 85% of the heat equivalent of
the work done by the motor appears as heat in the ice-cream, the freezer requires 5 kW motor to drive the
dasher and the radia on loss is 3% of the total heat, The latent heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. Consider the
heat equivalent of work done in agita on as 1 kW = 860 kcal/h.

b. How is the dryer performance assessed ?

c. Determine the quan ty of parboiled paddy with 40 percent moisture content on wet basis required to
produce 1 tonne of product with 12 percent moisture content on wet basis. Work out the problem on
wet basis and check the answer using dry basis.

d. Explain about pla num resistance thermometer to measure temperature

Q8) 10+10+10+10
a. What are the effects of milk homogeniza on ?

b. Determine the value of C and n from the Henderson’s equa on of equilibrium moisture content for thin
layer paddy drying. The data observed are :
RH = 30% , t= 50 degC and MC =10.5% .......I
RH =55%,t =50 degC and MC = 15.5% .........II

c. What are the characteris cs of a computer ?

d. What are the advantages and hazards of plas c packaging for common food products ?

....................2014...........
Q1) 8X5
a. Describe farm mechaniza on problems and scope with respect to mountain farming.

b. Calculate tension T1 and T2 of a V-belt .transmi ng 7.5 kW power with 16 m/s speed. Take arc of
contact 125° and value of k = 0.4.

c. Discuss about wind energy conversion system (WECS) with line diagram.

d. Calculate the consump on of gas’in cubic metre per bhp-hour and air standard efficiency if the clearance
Volume of the engine.is 22% of the swept volume. The rela ve efficiency on IHP basis is 65% and mechanical
efficiency is 75% with calorific value of the gas.3550 kcal/cu metre.
e. What is the principle of genera on of voltage ? Describe working of four point starter with the help of
diagram.

Q2) 10+10+10+10

a. Describe the working principle of a combine with line diagram.

b. The line of pull on an implement is 15° above the horizontal and is in ver cal plane which is at an angle of
10° with the direc on of travel. Compute the dra and side dra for a pull of 12 kN. Also .compute drawbar
power required at 4.5 km/h.

c. What are the different types of seed metering mechanisms ? Explain the working of most suitable metering
mechanism of seed drills used in India.

d. Following data are given for a family biogas plant suitable for the output of 12 cows, the
reten on me is 32 days, temperature 26°C, dry ma er consumed per day is 6 kg, biogas yield is 0.38 m3 per
kg. The efficiency of the burner is 75%, methane propor on is 0.8, heat of combus on of methane is 35 MJ
/m3, density of fluid mass — 30 kg/m3. Calculate volume of biogas digester and power available ‘from the
digester.

Q3) 10+10+10+10
a. Discuss various methods for obtaining energy from biomass and which one is the most suitable
economically.

b. The total power input to the impeller-cu er head on a PTO driven flail chopper is 20 kW and ‘the
theore cal length of cut is 12 mm. The division of power is as follows : cu ng - 40%, accelera ng chopped
material - 20%, fric on of chopped material in housing - 25% and blowing air - 15%. If the tractor engine
speed. is increased 10%, what would be (i) the new total power input to the impeller-cu er’ head ? (ii) the
new theore cal cu ng length?

c. A tractor opera ng with sowing equipments at a speed of 3.5 km/h develops a drawbar pull of 1250 kg.
’Calculate (i) Speed in metre per second (ii) work done kg-m/min (iii) Drawbar horse power (iv) Horse power
hour of drawbar work per eight hours a day (v) the change in speed required to increase the drawbar horse
power to 22.

d. How does solid injec on differ from air injec on ? Discuss different methods of solid injec on.

Q4) 10+10+10+10
a. Explain the different types of potato harves ng machines available in India and which type is most suitable
for our condi on ?

b. A mower has drive wheels of 220 mm radius and speed of crank is 600 rpm. The mower is a ached with
tractor which is moving at constant speed of 2.4 km/h. Calculate the increase or decrease in speed of the
mower to maintain same speed of crank if the ‘speed ra o between the crank wheel and land wheel is
changed to 25 : 2.

c. Describe the working principle of self propelled reaper-cum-binder.

d. A horizontal axis wind rotor of 4.5 m diameter is used to li water in the farm. Calculate the theore cal
power generated by wind rotor and wind power, if average wind velocity is 20.5 km/h and air density is 1.28
kg/m3. Assume data if necessary.
SECTION B

Q5) 8X5

a. Describe how actual p-V diagram of engine differs from the ideal air standard diesel cycle.

b. What is the binary number system and how does it compare to the decimal number system write with
example ?

c. Design a LSU dryer of 5 tonnes holding capacity with paddy at 16% moisture content (w.b). Use the
following data : Cross sec on of the dryer = 1.4 X1.4 m2; Air velocity in the air ports = 5 m/sec; Pitch of the air
ports = 50 cm; Row to row spacing = 25 cm; Grain residence me .= 30 minutes.

d. Explain the computer applica ons in process equipment design.

e. Discuss working of refrigera on system with help of the diagram.

Q6) 10+10+10+10
a. What is the human computer interface ?

b. Describe the construc onal features of bucket elevator with diagram showing forces ac ng on the grain.

c. What is difference between baffle type drier and LSU type drier ?

d. Design a steel conveyor with the grain moving in the open top to operate at a 30° incline and elevate grain
to a height of 6 m at a rate of 45 m3 per hour if flight speed is 32 m per minute. Assume other necessary data
if required.

Q7) 10+10+10+10
a. What is structured programming and also explain its applica on.

b. Write design of cyclone separator with schema c diagram showing rela ve recommended dimensions.

c. Explain actual vapour compression cycle with the help of T-$ ( see 2014 paper) diagram.

d. Describe piezoelectric transducers use with their advantages.

Q8) Differen ate between the following : 8X5

a. Fourth-genera on and fi h-genera on computers

b. HTST Pasteurizer and Batch type Pasteurizer

c. Single phase and poly-phase motor

d. Hammer mill and a ri on mill

e. Gravity separator and pneuma c separator

................................... 2013 ......................................

Q1 )
a. Draw the valve ming diagram of a four stroke tractor engine and explain.

b. How many mes the power of a four stroke engine increases or decreases if the diameter of the piston is
increased by 20 per cent and stroke length is reduced by 20 per cent, and all factors remaining the same.

c. Explain about solar cell and how electric current is produced in the cell.

d. A hydraulic circuit uses 25 litres of fluid per minute. The fluid is supplied by a pump having a fixed
displacement of 12.5cm3 per revolu on driven at 3000 rpm. The pump has a volumetric efficiency of 85 per
cent and torque efficiency of 88 per cent. If the system pressure is set at 18 MPa by the relief valve, calculate
(i) the power required to drive the pump (ii) heat generated owing to excess flow passing over the relief valve.

e. Calculate (i) the volume of a biogas digester suitable for the output of five cows and (ii) the power
available from the digested. Reten on me is 20 days, temperature 30°C, dry ma er available 2 kg/day per
cow, biogas yield 0.24 m3 per kg. Burner efficiency is 60 per cent, methane propor on is 0.8. The heat of
combus on of methane may be assumed to be 28 MJ /m3at standard temperature and pressure. The density
of dry ma er in the fluid may be taken as 50 kg/m 3

Q2
a. Calculate the angle made by beam radia on with the normal to a flat plate collector on December 1 at 9:00
am (local apparent me). The collector located at 28°35 N and 77°12'E is lted at an angle of 36 deg with the
horizontal and is poin ng due south.

b. With a neat sketch , explain Deenabandhu biogas plant.

c. A farmer erected a propeller type wind turbine. The diameter of the turbine is 120 m and rota ng at 40
rpm at maximum efficiency. On the farm, wind velocity of 15 m/s is available at one standard atmospheric
pressure and 15°C. Calculate (i) the total power density in the wind stream (ii) the maximum obtainable power
density (iii) the total power and (iv) the torque and axial thrust. For air assume gas constant as 0-287 kJ/kgK.
The efficiency of wind turbine is 35 per cent.

d. What is pyrolysis and how gasifiers are biomass classified ?

Q3) (10+15+8+7)
a. What are the func ons of a carbure or and explain its different components.

b. In a diesel cycle, the compression of air starts at atmospheric pressure and 37°C temperature. The
compression ra o is 16 : 1. The cylinder has 10 cm bore diameter and 12 cm stroke length. Calculate the air
standard efficiency and net work done per cycle, if the addi on of heat at constant pressure ends at 5 per cent
of stroke volume. Also find the increase or decrease in air standard efficiency, if the fuel cut off ends at 20 per
cent of the stroke length. Assume Cv= 0.718 kJ/kgK and characteris c gas constant as 287 J/kgK .

c. Why a tractor is provided with a differen al unit and how does it work ?

d. With a neat schema c diagram, classify the disc harrows based on their gang arrangement

Q4)
a. Explain the splash and force feed systems of lubrica on in engines.
b. A bullock drawn single row planter has a wheel of 50 cm diameter. The wheel sha carries a 7 teeth
sprocket which drives a 12 teeth sprocket on a counter sha . Another 7 teeth sprocket on the counter sha
drives a 12 teeth sprocket on a sha carrying a roller with 4 cells on its periphery for dropping of single seed
per hill. Calculate (i) total number of droppings along one row in 10 minutes if the travelling speed is 2.5 km/h
(ii) determine the horse power required to pull the planter, when the cross-sec on of the furrow was 7.5 X 7.5
cm and soil resistance was 7 kgf /cm2.

c. Explain the principle of working of a ba ery igni on system with the help of a circuit.

d. A motor car has a wheel base of 2·743 m and pivot centre of 1·065 m. The front and rear wheel
track is I· 217 m. Calculate the correct angle of outside lock and turning radius of the outer front
and inner rear wheels when the angle of inside Jock is 40 deg.

SECTION B :

Q5)
a. What are the principles of size .reduc on ? Derive an equa on for energy and power requirement in size
reduc on.

b. What do you understand by standardiza on of milk? Explain Pearson's square method for
500 kg of milk having fat content of 6·5 per cent to be standardized to 3.1 per cent fat using skim
milk containing fat of 0.05 per cent.

c. Discuss triode as an amplifier.

d. Explain ROM, PROM and EPROM of memory units of computer.

e. A single effect evaporator concentrates orange juice at atmospheric pressure of 10130 kPa
from 10 to 50 per cent total soluble solids (w:b.). Saturated steam at 205 kPa is used as indirect hea ng
system. Calculate the vapour and product flow rates and steam consump on
for a feed rate of 7 kg/ s. Assume only latent heat of condensa on is available for hea ng and feed rate that
enters· at its boiling point at 100°C. The enthalpies of saturated steam,
condensate and vapour produced are 2707, 503 and 2676 kJ /kg respec vely. The heat capacity
vaiub for both feed and output liquid is 4·187 kJ /kgK and latent heat of vaporiza on at
100°' C is 2257 kJ /kg. Assume datum temperature as 100°C.

Q6)
a. Derive an equa on for filtra on. Discuss filter cake compressibility.

b. Describe belt conveyor and factors that affect belt conveyor design.
A 5 m long screw conveyor with 30 cm screw diameter 15 cm sha diameter and 28 cm screw
pitch rotates at 300 rpm. Calculate the delivery capacity of this screw conveyor in m3/h.
Its actual capacity is 50 per cent of the theore cal capacity. Calculate the actual power
required for transpor ng wheat of bulk density 770 kg/ m3. Assume the material factor to be
0.40: and power transmission efficiency as 50 per cent.

c. Explain the method of measuring torque of rota ng sha s using strain gauges.

d. A certain vegetable of 85 per cent moisture content (w.b.) at 25°C is dried to 85 per cent solid.
The specific heat of vegetable and water is 3·7 and 4·186 kJ /kg°C respec vely. the latent heat of
vaporiza on at 100, 50 and 0°C are 2260, 2380 and 2840 kJ /kg. Find the heat required per
kg of vegetable in the following cases :

Case 1 : If dehydra on is carried out at 1 00°C at atmospheric pressure and

Case 2 : If freeze drying is to be carried out and product temperature is ini ally reduced to 0 degC.

Q7)
a. Explain how rice bran oil is extracted by solvent extrac on method.

b. A food with an ini al moisture content of 15 per cent w.b. is dried in a con nuous dryer to
a ain a final moisture content of 7 per cent w.b. This drying is accomplished by blowing
fresh warm air a er it was mixed with same part of the exhaust air (recycled stream)
from the dryer. The absolute humidity of fresh, recycled and mixed air streams are 0.01,
0.1 and 0.03 kg/kg of dry air respec vely. For a feed rate of 100 kg/h, calculate the
required flow rates of fresh and recycled air stream in terms of kg of dry air per hour
and the amount of dried product obtained per hour.

c. Explain with a flow chart how bu er is prepared from milk.

d. List different types of ac ve· electrical transducers. Explain the purpose for which piezoelectric
transducers are used. Men on their advantages.

Q8)
a. In sieve analysis of corn grits with respect to any par cular screen opening of the mass frac ons
of desired par cle size in feed, overflow, underflow streams are 0.47, 0.85 and 0.2 respec vely.
The feed rate of the material on the screen is 10 kg/h. Find mass flow rate for the overflow
stream and overall effec veness of the stream.

b. Shelf life of food stored at 30°C is 7 days. Assuming that Q10 value of deteriora ve reac ons
occuring in the food is 1.8, es mate the shelf life when it is stored at 10°C.

c. Why sugarcane bagasse is best suited for paper making ?

d. It is found that the energy required to reduce par cles from a mean diameter of 10 mm to 3 mm
is 10 kJ /kg. Using Ri nger's law, calculate the energy required to reduce the same material from
a diameter of 1 mm to 0.3 mm.

................................................... 2012...............................................

Q1) 8X5
Write short notes not exceeding 125 words each, on
the following :
a) Prony-brake dynamometer
b) Solar s ll
c) Igni on coil in spark-igni on type of engines
d) Smokeless 'Chulha'
e) Air cleaners used in tractors.

Q2) (8+12+12+8)
a)Discuss the. different ways of u lizing solar energy in processing agricultural produce.

b) Describe the factors limi ng use of power llers in Indian agriculture and why they are more popular in wet
land cul va on.
c) Describe the construc onal details of a lead-acid storage cell and ba ery. Explain its u lity in a tractor. State
the precau ons to be observed in
using and caring for proper maintenance.

d) Differen ate between a Rocker Sprayer and a Knapsack-type sprayer.

Q3) (15+15+10)
a) List the crop, machine and field parameters to be considered for harves ng rice using a self-propelled
combine harvester. Describe the significance of listed parameters in minimizing grain loss and maximizing
machine opera ng efficiency.

b) What are the precau ons to be followed during selec on, installa on, opera on and repair of an electric
motor on the farm ?

c) Describe the reasons for the populariza on of threshers among the farmers. Describe the nature of
accidents occurring m thresher opera on and how·to prevent them.

Q4) (12+8+12+8)
a) Discuss the difference in construc on and opera on .of mould board plow and disc plow.

b) Describe the safety arrangements for the operator in the following machines :

1. Hand operated chaff cu er

2. Sugarcane crusher

c) Draw a neat figure showing process of anaerobic diges on for produc on of biogas. Discuss the various
parameters affec ng the process.

d) List the parameters considered for es ma on of energy requirement of a hammer mill and burr mill and
briefly explain their significance.

SECTION B :

Q5) 10X4

a) Differen ate between the following

1. Groundnut diggers and Potato diggers

2. Grain combines and Reapers

b) Differen ate between the following :

1. Seed drills and Planters

2. Spray drying and Vacuum drying

c)Write short notes on the following :

1. Hydro-electric power and nuclear power

 2. Solar concentrators
3. Renewable sources of energy
4. Basic concept of parboiling

d) Write in brief on :

1. Social considera on in farm mechaniza on.

2. Size of flywheel requirement in mul -cylinder and single-cylinder engines.
3. Importance of hydraulic system in a tractor.
4. Velocity ra o and Horse power transmi ed by flat belts.

Q6) (15+10+10+5)
a)
1....Find out the horse power developed by a pair of bullocks in pulling U.P. No. 2 plow at the forward speed
of 3 km/h. The plow makes a furrow 20 cm wide and 11 cm deep. The dynamometer indicates an average
dra of 85 kgf.

2... Also find unit dra

b)
1.. What are through-put and axial flow threshing processes ?

2... What do you understand by Registra on and Alignments of mower cu er-bar ?

3..Describe briefly Mist Blower-cum-duster.

4.. What are the hea ng and cooling methods in pasteuriza on of milk ?

c) Explain what is meant by seasoning of mber.What kinds of wood are commonly used in India for
superstructures of permanent buildings ?

d) Dis nguish between a dot matrix and a laser printer.

Q7) (8+12+12+8)
a) Explain the working of a bucket elevator. List its merits, demerits and limita ons as compared to tradi onal
methods.

b) Describe the role of microprocessors and computers in data acquisi on and control of processes in a dairy
industry.

c) Describe the working principle, moun ng and measuring procedure of a resistance type strain gauge.

d) Recommend the depth of grain necessary for a structure for 6 hp engine unit consis ng of a fan with 80 m3
per minute capacity, about 10 m3 area and a drying bin.

Q8) (10+8+8+10+4)
a) Write short notes on the following :

1. Pressure measuring instruments

2. Sprayer nozzles for pes cide applica ons
 3. Different types of solar cells
4. Sep c tank

b) Describe methods for determining moisture content of grains.

c) Enumerate the power requirement of a screw conveyor. List assump ons made.

d) Differen ate between :

1. Working of a screw conveyor and bucket elevator

2. Drying and dehydra on
3. Deep bin drying and thin layer drying
4. Cleaning and separa on

e) What are the different packaging materials used for packaging of fruits ?

............................2011.....................................

Q1) Answer any four : 10X4

a. In spite of a rapid increase in tractor and mechanical power in Indian farms during the last decade, the. food
produc vity scenario has not improved as expected. Give your comments.

b. Calculate the theore cal power extracted by a horizontal axis wind rotor of 5 m diameter opera ng in a
wind regime with
wind velocity of 15 km/h. Take air density as 1.29 kg/m3.

c. Differen ate between the following pairs in brief:

1. Indirect injec on (IDI) and direct injec on (DI) diesel engines for automo ve applica ons.
2. Trac on wheel and towed wheel .

d. A field sprayer having a horizontal boom with 20 nozzles spaced 40 cm apart is to be used for a maximum
applica on rate of 650 litres/ha at nozzle pressure of 500 kPa and forward speed of 5 km/h. Determine the
required pump capacity in litres/min assuming 10 per cent of the flow is bypassed under the above maximum
condi ons.

e. Explain with a diagram the transmission of power from engine to the ground drive components in a crawler
tractor. Why are
these tractors more suitable on undula ng terrains as compared to wheel tractors ?

Q2) 15+15+10

a. A 2-wheel drive tractor was tested on a farm surface and the following data were recorded :

Drawbar pull = 26.2 kN

 Distance travelled for 10 revolu ons of driving wheels at no load = 55.8 m
Distance travelled for 10 revolu ons of driving wheels at load = 46.2 m
Fuel consumed = 126 g
Time taken = 25.8 seconds

=> Determine the following :-

1. Drawbar power developed

2. per cent wheel slip
3. drawbar specific fuel consump on.

b. Explain the working of a power operated thresher used for wheat crop giving the recommended range of
cylinder peripheral speed and type of threshing element.Write down the expressions to evalua ve the
threshing efficiency and cylinder loss.

c. A single-phase 230 V electric motor running at 1400 rpm develops a torque of 3.1 Nm. Calculate the amount
of electric
current drawn by the motor, if the phase angle between the voltage and current is 38 deg and the power
efficiency of the motor is 80 per cent.

Q3) 15+15+10
a. Explain the mechanism of anaerobic fermenta on of organic solids. Suggest the op mum range of the
following opera ng parameters for increased biogas -produc on :
1. Solid concentra on
2. pH of slurry

3. carbon-to-nitrogen ra o
4. digester temperature and
5. reten on period

b. With a schema c diagram explain the fuel supply system in a tractor diesel engine. Name the two types of
injector nozzles with their applica ons in diesel engines.

c. A four -cylinder, four-stroke cycle diesel engine operates at 2000 rpm and uses 7·5 litres of fuel per hour.
What is the average volume in milliliters of individual injec ons ?

Q4) 15+10+15

a. A 2-wheel drive tractor engine develops 22·5 kW at 2000 rpm.The drive passes via a gearbox which has a
ra o of 5.78 :1 engaged, a differen al. reduc on of 4 : I arnd a final drive
reduc on of 5 : 1. Determine the speed, torque and power delivered to a single driving wheel of the tractor if
it is moving in a straight line and the overall transmission efficiency is 80 per cent.
b. A self propelled combine with an 8-row corn head for 75 cm row spacing travels at 4 km/h. Loss of me
propor onal to area equals 8 min/ha and this is primarily due to the unloading of the grain from the combine.
If the other losses are neglected,
determine on an area basis, (i) the theore cal field capacity, and (ii) the actual field capacity.

c. With a simple schema c diagram explain the working of a tractor drawn cut-and-throw type forage
harvester having a cylindrical cu er head. How do you determine the capacity of this machine ?

SECTION B

Q5) Answer any four : 10X4

a. Linear Variable Differen al Transformer
b. Deep Bed Drying
c. Hammer mill
d. Homogeniza on of milk
e. Rubber roll husker.

Q6)
a. Draw a block diagram showing the opera ons performed from receiving to final storage in a modem rice
mill. Explain the basic purpose of each opera on in brief.

b. A bin holds 2000 kg of wet grain containing 500 kg of water. This grain is to be dried to a final moisture
content of 14 per cent (wet basis).
1. What are the ini al and final moisture contents of grain on dry basis ?
2. How much water is removed during drying ?

c. What is a thermistor ? Explain the temperature resistance

func on of a thermistor.

Q7) 15+15+10
a. A Wheatstone bridge circuit uses a strain gauge of 120 Ohm resistance with gauge factor of 2·05 in each of
its arms where only one of the gauges is ac ve. The ac ve gauge is mounted on a. mild steel bar which
undergoes a strain
of 4X 10^(-4). If the excita on supply voltage is 5 V, determine the bridge output.

b. With a schema c diagram explain the working of a vapor compression refrigera on system commonly used
in dairies.

c. What are the desirable quali es of packaging materials for milk and ice cream ?

Q8) 15+10+15
a. A tractor mounted fer lizer applicator is to be used with an electronic sensor and a microprocessor based
data acquisi on system to apply desired quan ty of fer lizer at different loca ons in a standing crop. Show the
schema c design including the various elements of the system and explain its func oning.

b. With a diagram explain the working principle of

a Pitot tube to measure the velocity of a gas flowing
through a pipe. What is. the major drawback with the Pitot tube ?

c. Draw schema c diagram of a screw conveyer and label the components. A horizontal screw conveyer of
length 2 m conveys wheat grain having bulk density of 680 kg/m3. The screw diameter, sha diameter and
pitch length of the screw are 0.50 m; 0.30 m, and 0.45 m respec vely. If the screw is completely filled with the
grain and rotates at 60 rpm, determine the capacity of the screw conveyer in kg/h.