DR.

DIWAN HARISH CHAND

 Homoeopathy
in
Geriatrics
by
DR. DIWAN HARISH CHAND
M.B.B5; L.R.C.P.(EDIN.); D.T.M. * H.(LPool); M.D. Horn.;
F.F. Horn. (Loud); F.I.HA; D-HT. (USA.)
Hony. Physician to the President of India
President, International Homoeopathic Medical League
(Hq. Switzerland), 1979-82
Recipient, Dhanvantari Award-1979
Recipient, Ashwini Kumars Award-1981
Recipient, National Award in Homoeopathy-1984
Recipient, National Citizen's Award-1987
Recipient, Priyadarshini Award-1989
Recipient, Gold Medal of Academia Medico Homeopatica De Barcelona-1990
Chmn. Homoeo. Pharm. Com, G.O.I., 1980-85
Chmn. S. A. C. Research in Homoeo G. O. I., 1980-85
Hony. Adviser in Homoeopathy, Govt, of India, 1980-85.

Published by National
Homoeopathic Pharmacy
1, Hanuman Road, New Delhi-110001 (India)
All Rights Reserved
National Homoeopatic Pharmacy
1, Hanuman Road, New Delhi-110001

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade Dedicated
or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hiredout, or otherwise circulatedwithout
the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than to my parents:
that in which it is published and without a similar condition including
this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Dr. Diwan Jai Chand (1887-1961),
my first teacher in Homoeopathy, and
Smt. Thakur Devi (1889-1941);
& The Senior
Citizens of the world.

Published by:
National Homoeopathic Pharmacy
1, Hanuman Road, New Delhi-110001 (India)
 PREFACE

The Organisers of the International Congress of the

Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Interaationalis held in
Rome in May 1981 assigned to me the subject of
'Homoeopathy in Geriatrics", which was to be one of the
Keynote papers of the Congress. In the process of
Reflecting on the subject it exceeded the usual limits of an
article and requests were received from many quarters to
make it available in a book form and also in languages
other than English. Because of numerous preoccupations
and other reasons it has taken unduly long to do so.
An extensive literature was scanned in the study of this
subject from many angles as can be seen in the list
appended. Anyone whishing to study some aspect in
greater detail can refer to the corresponding sources.
The presentation is not meant to be an exhaustive
treatise on the subject. In any case according to Steiglitz,
"There are no specific diseases of old age. Any illness may
occur at any age. But, certain disorders increase in
frequency after the peak of maturity". Besides certain
illnesses associated with ageing as Cancers, Metabolic
disorders (Diabetes mellitus, Gout), some Endocrinal
disorders and some others have been completely omitted.
Scanning the pages of the repertory would convince
Anyone of the great role homoeopathy plays in geriatrics.
A compilation from Kent's Final General Repertory has
been appended for ready reference. In the different
chapters of the book wherever any page number is
mentioned it refers to this repertory.
The reader will bear in mind that originally it was
 PREFACE

The Organisers of the International Congress of the

Liga Medicorum Homoeopathica Internationalis held in
Rome in May 1981 assigned to me the subject of
"Homoeopathy in Geriatrics", which was to be one of the
Keynote papers of the Congress. In the process of
Reflecting on the subject it exceeded the usual limits of an
article and requests were received from many quarters to
make it available in a book form and also in languages
other than English. Because of numerous preoccupations
and other reasons it has taken unduly long to do so.
An extensive literature was scanned in the study of this
subject from many angles as can be seen in the list
appended. Anyone whishing to study some aspect in
greater detail can refer to the corresponding sources.
The presentation is not meant to be an exhaustive
treatise on the subject. In any case according to Steiglitz,
'There are no specific diseases of old age. Any illness may
occur at any age. But, certain disorders increase in
frequency after the peak of maturity". Besides certain
illnesses associated with ageing as Cancers, Metabolic
disorders (Diabetes mellitus, Gout), some Endocrinal
disorders and some others have been completely omitted.
Scanning the pages of the repertory would convince
Anyone of the great role homoeopathy plays in geriatrics.
A compilation from Kent's Final General Repertory has
been appended for ready reference. In the different
chapters of the book wherever any page number is
mentioned it refers to this repertory.
The reader will bear in mind that originally it was
written as a lecture supported with numerous slides
(diapositives).
CONTENTS
I am grateful to Dr. Mohit Kundu for preparing part of
the repertory study under my direction. I am also indebted Chapter Page No.
to Vaid Bhagwan Das, then Dy. Adviser (Ayurveda) in
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for references on 1. Introduction and Historical 1
Ayurveda. 2. Physiological changes with Advancing years 6
The book is presented to the profession in the hope 3. Postponement of Ageing/Prolonging Life 13
that it enables them to help the senior citizens through the 4. Problems of the aged 16
benign system of homoeopathy, which is free from side 5. Cardio-vascular system 23
effects or iatrogenesis, to which the aged are particularly 6. Senile Psychoses and Psycho-Geriatrics 33
prone.
7. Sleep 40
8. Neurological Disorders 42
DIWANHARISHCHAND
National Homoeopathic Centre 1, Hanuman Road New 9. Ophthalmological Conditions 46
Delhi-110 001, India 3rd July 1991. 10. Ears 50
11. Respiratory System^ 52
12. Digestive System 55
13. Menopause 60
14. Sexual problems 66
15. Urinary problems 68
16. Joints, Bones and Muscles 71
17. Old Age Remedies 74
18. Epilogue 76
Repertory Study 80
References 101
 CHAPTER I
Introduction and Historical

A healthy old fellow, Who

is not a fool, is the happiest
creature living
— Sir Richard Steele

If wrinkles must he written upon

our brows, let them not be written
upon the heart; The spirit should not grow old
— James Abram Garfield
"Vriddhtvam Jarasa Vina"
Translation: Ageing Without Senescence
— Kalidasa (Circa I cent.B.C.)
These three words from the immortal Sanskrit poet,
Kalidasa, who lived in the century before the beginning of
the Christian era, sums up the aim of gerentology, a study
of the Science of ageing.

HISTORICAL

In orthodox medicine, Gerentology and Geriatrics, are

subjects of comparitively recent study, even though now
considerable attention is being given to them. However, in
the ancient Ayurvedic system of medicine, developed and
practised in India for centuries, great attention has been
paid to the problem of the aged. The word "AYURVEDA"
itself implies the science of life.
In Indian mythology, Dtaanvantari, the God of
Medicine, is shown holding a pot, Amrit Kumbha, that
I
contains the 'Elixer of Life' which is supposed to prevent
untimely death and till then maintain youth.
In the daily prayer of the Hindus one of the mantrams
(repetitive incantation) is as follows:-
"Jivemah Sharadh Shatam Shrunsiyamah Shasadah
Shatam
Pashyemah Sharadah Shatam Pravravamah Sharadah
Shatam Bhuyashca Sharadah Satah" (Rig Veda)
It says not only that one should live for a hundred
years but also that one should be in the full possession of
one's faculties of mind, of hearing, of sight and of speech.
According to the Vedic concept, a full life was constituted
of a hundred years and the function of each quarter was
clearly mentioned. The latter half of life was to be devoted
to increasing activity in spiritualism, a retirement from
worldly activity and recluse.
Medical historians find that matters connected with
ageing were already a subject of special study in the
Agnivesa Samhita dated to the 10th Century B.C. It is
more elaborately mentioned as one of the eight specialities
of Indian medicine in Sushruta Samhita and Charaka
Samhita, both dated to the 6th century B.C. The study
comprised not only in what is to be done for the medical
problems of the aged, but, also gave detailed instructions
as to how senility can be prevented as also measures for
rejuvenation.
One of the methods of Kaya Kalpa (rejuvenation) is
Kuti Pravesika, which could be likened to a sort of
2
hibernation for a period of 3 months. The only diet in this
period is Amla (Emblica officinalis) prepared in a special
way.
A double blind clinical study with an Indian medicine.
Aswagandha (Withania somnifera) showed an effect of
Rasayana (delaying the process of ageing) in a treatment
period of one year (Newsletter No. 78 of Central Council
of Research in Indian Medicine & Homoeopathy of Govt,
of India).
Many other medicines and measures are mentioned for
this purpose and are under study.
William Shakespeare with a deep insight described
seven different ages of man thus:
.... At first the Infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms;
Then the whining School-Boy,
With his satchel and shining morning face, creeping Like
snail unwillingly to school.
And then the Lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad made to his
Mistress' eyebrow
Then a Soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard, Jealous in
honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble
reputation Even in the cannon's mouth.
And then the Justice, In fair round belly
with good capon lin'd
3

With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full
of wise saws and modern 'nstances;
The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipper'd
pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on
side, His youthful hose, well sav'd a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And
whistles in his sound.
Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful
hjstory Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.
— William Shakespeare
"As you like it"
Homoeopathy covers not only all the seven ages from
the cradle to the grave, but, can cover the extra forty weeks
from the moment of beginning of life with impregnation of
the ovum. It is likely that it can help in the treatment of the
chronic miasms and thus greatly improve or remove
inherited tendencies. However, this monograph concerns
the last two stages mentioned by Shakespeare.
The increasing Importance of Geriatrics
Improved health care, in recent decades, has directly
enlarged the once insignificant group of the aged into a
major subject of the population.
The single factor that has put gerontology in the
forefront is the number of aged in the society. "In 1970
4 5
the world population of people aged 60 years was 291
millions. This figure is expected to reach 585 millions in
the year 2000 AD., i.e. doubling in 30 years."
This.has led to the recognition that the aged have
problems which are quite distinct from those of the others.
When Does Old Age Begin?
About a person growing old there's been a lot of
chatter;
But if a person doesn't mind, Age doesn't really matter.
— Agnes W. Thomas
Although ageing begins with conception itself, the first
question that very naturally arises is "when does old age
begin?" 65 years is an arbitrary demarcation between
middle and old dge based on the social legislation of
Bismarck, Chancellor of Germany in 1880s. But it is well
known that the physiological and chronological period are
not identical nor do they run parallel in all men and
women. All do not reach their senescence point at a
particular fixed age. Therefore, it has little relevance to
functioning as general health, mental capacity,
psychological or physical endurance or creativity. It is thus
not a chronological but a physiological, biological process.
Some gerontologists further divide this period into
Early old age from 65 to 74 years and Advanced Old age
at 75 years and above.
 Chapter II
Physiological changes with Advancing years
I would very briefly touch on the physiological
changes which reflect on the medical problems that we
are called upon to treat.
The average per cent of various human functional
capacities or values remaining at different ages taking 30
years as 100%. Data from Shock N.W. el ai (1957)
Geriatrics, 12,40.
As we see from the figures, there is a steady fall in
functional capacity of most of the organs and systems in
6 7
the body after the age of 30 years. It will be seen from the
following chart that maximum oxygen uptake, heart rate
and maximum pulmonary ventilation during maximal work
on a treadmill or ergometer all decrease.
Fig.2
i
Effects of exercise on maximum O2 uptake, heart rate
and maximum pulmonary ventilation of men at various
ages. All values obtained over a 5- or 6-min. period during
maximal work on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer. From
Asmussen E. (1958) Handbook of Respiration, ed.
Dittmer, D. & Grebe R. Nat. Acad. Sciences, Nat.
Research Council, p. 146.
It is also seen that progressively there is an increased
accumulation of the pigment lipofucsin in the human
myocardium (Fig.3) This pigment and lysosomes may be
related with ageing. activity.

Renal function decreases steadily with age from

maturity onwards. It has been shown that glomerular
Relationship between age and pigment in the human
filteration falls by 46% and renal blood flow by 53%
myocardium from Strehler B.L. et al. (1959) J. Geront.
between youth and old age.
14,430.
Because of these physiological changes it is said that
likelihood of dying doubles every eight years after 30
(Benjamin Gompertz).

Liver decreases in mass by about 30% between young

adulthood and old.
There is a falling off in activity of the microsomal
enzymes thus reducing the efficiency of metabolic
8
 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Age (years) Fig. 4
Gompertz plot of cause-specific human mortality
rates. From Strehler B.L. & Mildvam AS. (1960) Science,
132,14.
Medawar has expressed succinctly by defining ageing
as 'that change of the bodily faculties, sensibili-
9
ties and energies which renders the individual progres- nucleoprotein from aged cells inhibits the separation of
sively more likely to die from accidental causes'. the two strands in the DNA double helix, an essential step
in transcription. A progressive, irreversible loss of ge-
THEORIES OF AGEING netic information for the cell results, leading to a loss in
The exact cause of ageing has been a matter of adaptive capacity and eventually to cell death.
speculation. Natural ageing may be due to occurrence of There appears some built in code that limits the
gene mutations. According to some, "it is progressive capacity of the cell to divide only fifty times. (Fig. 5)
masochism of somatic cells". Some harmful substances
produced in course of time decrease the vitality of the
organism or its certain organ systems.
Probably no tissue ages completely independently
of the rest of the body yet it may not be altogether an
omnibus simultaneous cellular phenomenon. Ovary is an
exception as mentioned under menopause.
Tissues most likely to control ageing are those
which have the greatest influence over other cells e.g. the
vascular, nervous and endocrine systems.
The body's ability to cope with stress, and to control
deviations from homeostatic 'set-points' as also the
body's ability to cope with infection decrease with age.
The most popular theory of ageing is that it is due Life span of human cells determined by
allowing a population to multiply until it has doubled in
to mutations in DNA of somatic cells, random in time. size. After a culture of cells from embryonic tissue has
grown to a particular point, it is divided in two. Cell
Structural events leading to a blocking of the division ceases after about fifty such subcultivations. It is
possible at any time (although it is rare) for a
transcription step of protein synthesis in ageing cells are spontaneous change to occur after which the cells multiply
described. Using the methods of thermal denaturation, it indefinitely (broken line). From Hayflick L. (1968) ScL
Amer., aig, 3, 32.
is shown that in ageing cells, there are alterations in the
bonds between the basic proteins and the DNA within the Fig. 5
nucleoprotein. The increased stability of these bonds in

11
10
 In a rare disease, Progeria they divide only a few
times and this child shows ageing when 1-2 years old, is
an old man by 7-8 years and dies at 11 or 12 years.
Therefore, it seems at present that life span of a
normal human cell cannot be extended without making
it either pathological like a cancer cell or truncated like
a germ cell, the sperm or ovum.
In 1976, at the Athens Congress I felt full of
admiration for our nonagenarian, Dr. Franklin Cookin-
ham, whom we affectionately called Cookie, attending
not only the Congress but taking keen interest in the
teaching seminar that followed. He being one of the
senior-most Homoeopaths then living I asked him how
did he keep himself so active and alert. His advice was
No. (1) Be your age and No. (2) keep your genitals where
they belong. You can draw your own conclusions as to
what he meant!
Yet it should be remembered that one of the most
striking features of age changes is their great variation
between individuals and in nature.
Life patterns and longevity is dictated by our genes
and it has been said that, "The best way to attain old age
is to have old parents". Do we have a choice?
12
Chapter III
Postponement of Ageing/Prolonging Life
Based on knowledge of cell functioning attempts have
been made to postpone the ageing process.
Dr.
Paul Niehans M.D. of Switzerland injected people
with cells taken from lamb embryos, using cells from
specific organs like the heart, kidney or liver to treat
ailments of same organs in humans. He claimed excellent
results and his clientele included Charles de Gaulle and
W. Somerset Maugham. This has been called the CELL
VITAL THERAPY.
CELLULAR THERAPY practiced today is similar to
Niehan's original method but more controlled and under
better sterile conditions.
More recently Dr. Benjamin S. Frank has developed
a method of INJECTING RNA into the body of the
patient through his diet.
TRANSPLANT of organs is another new method to
increase life.
PLASTIC SURGERY can be used for cosmetic
purposes but that cannot alter ageing process except
possibly by giving a boost to the sagging spirits of the
old!
In recent times VITAMIN E and VITAMIN C and
MINERAL SELENIUM have been mentioned as a help
•in delaying the process of ageing. Of course, the Nobel
Laureate Linus Pauling comes out with Vitamin Calmost
13
as a panacea for many conditions including Cancer. they can help in the making of Methuselahs. Therefore,
CHOLINE is known to improve brain function and all one can do is to ensure that it is a healthier period of
stimulate memory. THYMOSIA improves body's life. It is said that death is the genes way of ensuring their
immune system and thus ward off diseases that threaten own survival. A study of some areas of the globe where
life. BIO-ENGINEERING offers a possibility for the there is comparatively more longevity in the population
future by way of modifications in the genes. brings out some common features. They are generally an
agricultural society with much physical activity, worry-
A bold attempt is made in a surgical technique free lives, recreation, moderate eating habits and regular
called PARABIOSIS. This consists of joining blood sleep. Fruits are consumed daily. Smoking and alcohol is
circulation of ageing animals with the young. It nas been rare. They continue to lead active sex lives.
tried in rats, cockroaches etc. with remarkable
regenerative changes in the old.
It has been known since 1917 that HYPOTHER-
MIA can slow down the ageing process.
The chemists have studied the enzyme systems and
protein synthesis in ageing and come out with their
contribution to retard it. An equimolecular combination
of dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine and dihy-
droergoriptine put up as HYDERGINE is claimed to be
useful.
However, fantastic these measures may be and
perhaps in the future yield positive results but for the
moment, we have to agree with those researchers who
say that warding off old age is in large part a matter of
self image, positive thinking and staying active.
EXERCISE is crucial, for exercising an organ pres-
ents a strategy for modifying the ageing process. The
body is now felt to rust out rather than to wear out.
It is certain that no advance in medicine will enable
us to escape death through old age. It is even doubtful if
15
14
 Chapter IV Though as medical men, our direct concern is with
the health problems but these are interlinked with the
Problems of the aged others and are of considerable significance to the ho-
"While the ageing of the population is essentially a moeopath to enable him understand the life situation,
simple phenomenon, its consequences are multiple and build a complete psychosomatic picture and make a
not always well recognised." (WHO Report 548,1974). proper anamnesis.
They pose many new problems. In this connection it is interesting to recall the
In the World Business Weekly (July 28, 1980) emphasis by a WHO Committee in that "a decent level of
under the caption "Ageing World Raises Key Policy income is a prerequisite for well being...." The financial
Issues" it is mentioned that "While it now seems unlikely condition affects social, health, nutrition and psychic
that the agent of the earth's destruction will be the state of man.
population explosion feared by Thomas Malthus and his Besides the ageing process itself does not remain
successors, the declining birth rates and ageing popula-
merely confined to the biological field alone; it invades
tion now foreseen will have far reaching political, social
psychological, social, occupational and economic fields
and economic consequences."
as well.
The problems are social and medical. In a survey SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF THE AGED
carried out in the West, the chief problems of the old have
been worked out as follows: In addition to what is mentioned elsewhere in this
Financial 72% paper I would refer tc a UN study. Its report around 1980
Boredom 30% says that, "tr>day 200 million of the world's population
Health 29% are over 65, which is 24 million more than five years
Social 19% ago", and that their numbers in developed countries are
Housing 13% growing twice as fast as total population.
A survey carried out in India found it to be as - The philosophies of strongly work-centered and
>llows: technology-oriented societies, the report says, are
Financial 40.88% already seen by some as "dehumanizing and socially
Lack of occupation 27.35% obsolete". In the developed countries, which mostly
Health 10.29% have a nuclear family, the old have become vulnerable.
Family & future worries 10.88% Their power and prestige is in decline undergoing a
Dependence & Isolation 7.06% radical role-change in the economic, social and family
Accommodation 3-52%
(Tata Inst. Soc. Sc. No. 27-1972) 17
16
structures. Highly industrialised countries, says the
report, are young-oriented, emphasising productivity,
competitioi and self-sufficiency. The person whon can
no longer work, produce and provide for his own basic
needs tends to be relegated to the fringes of society.
There comes a generational disequilibrium, a
phenomenon called Ageism by Dr. Robert N. Butler. This
is a negative or hostile attitude towards an age group
different from one's own.
In developing countries, which mostly have a joint
family system, the report notes the aged still enjoy high
esteem, support and power within both family and
community. Old age is considered an advantage, bring-
ing rewards of a full life of honour, respect, even rever-
ence from younger generations. The elderly receive
economic suppoit and emotional satisfaction from
children and grandchildren; they usually assume leader-
ship and hold real economic power. There is compara-
tively more hold of religion and all religions enjoin
respect and honour to the parents and the aged.
I have known families in India where all the
earnings by the sons and grandsons are handed over to
the head of the family who redistributes it according to
his own wisdom and considering the needs of the
different members. This bears no proportion to the
earnings made by them.
To give an idea of joint family system as it has been
operating in most developing countries with an
agricultural economy I will tell you an instance. At one
of our Congresses, seeing that the wife of one of the
18
participants from an African country was in an advanced
stage of pregnancy, I ventured to ask my colleagues
"How many children have you got?" He paused for a
moment and then replied, "Why ? I have some 40 or
more!" Then looking at my surprise he added "in my
country we do not distinguish between the children of all
the brothers and we live together like one family".
Undoubtedly there are strong kinship ties in rural areas.
To highlight the contrast between these social
systems, I relate two stories.
There is an old story of an eagle which set out to
cross the windy sea with his fledgling. The sea was so
wide and the wind so strong that the father bird was
forced to carry his young one in his claws. When he was
half way across, and the wind had turned to a gale, he
said, "Oh child, look how I am struggling and risking my
life in your behalf. When you are grown up, will you do
as much for me and provide for me?' 'Dear father' the
eaglet replied, "it is true that you are struggling mightily
and risking your life in my behalf, and I shall be wrong
not to repay when you are grown old, but at this critical
time I cannot bind myself. I can promise this; when I am
grown up and have children of my own, I shall do as
much for them as you have done for me."
Love like water is said to flow downwards and there
is an old Chinese proverb of Lin Yutang that says that
though it is normal to love one's children, it is only in a
cultured society where they care for the old.
The above story contrasts with the epical story from
India where they have traditionally had the joint family
19
 Nervous 19.77%

system. This story describes the devotion of a young man Respiratory 19.18%
named Sharvan Kumar who carried his blind parents Lymphatic & Blood v 11.56%
over his shoulders on a pilgrimage all over the country. Ears and Eyes 11.21%
It is held out as an example of good and devout progeny. Orthopaedic 4.78%
Unfortunately in developing countries with the Surgical 5.66%
process of advancing technology, increasing Gynaecological 0.30%
industrialisation, with concomittent urbanisation, with Misc. all systems 37.29%
increased migration of the young resulting in weakening Most people get some disability in course of time
of family and traditional ties, their economic struggles Careful surveys have shown that even the so called
and overwhelming consideration for self, the joint family healthy old have a few disorders.
system is crumbling and with it the prestige and power of
the older people is declining. The Indian survey more or less corresponds with
the results of a Munich (Germany) survey of a million
What interests us are the impact such changes have people which are :
in development of disease status. Homoeopathy is the
one system of treatment that takes into cognisance, in Male % Female%
fact gives it prime importance, the state of the mind. Hypertension (160/100) 60 72
Stress from drastic changes of situation like sudden loss Latent cardiac insufficiency 25 27
of income, loss of prestige and position in family and Manifest cardiac insufficiency 10 13
society, isolation, death of spouse etc. can all result in Cardiac infarction 8 2
emotional, behavioural and physical disorders. Coronary arteriosclerosis 9 9
Vascular occlusion 8 6
MEDICAL PROBLEMS OF THE AGED Varices, thrombosis 10 21
The findings of a study, the only of its kind carried Pulmonary emphysema 48 23
out in India, are given below. Bronchitis 18 11
Cholelithiasis 4 9
Briefly the incidence of disorders (Complaints and
Cirrhosis of the liver 6 6
findings) system-wise shows the frequency % as
follows: Nephrolithiasis 4 3
Cystitis, pyelitis 5 11
Cardiovascular 62.60% Prostatic hypertrophy 24 0
Gastro-intestinal 45.25% Prostatic carcinoma 3
Urogenital 32:51% Diabetes 10 11
20 21
 Gout 4 2
Osteoarthritis 11 18
Diagnosis per patient 4.3 5.2
Multiplicity of disorders is noted in all such surveys. In
the large scale Munich survey you would notice that 4.5
complaints per person above the age of 65 years were
registered. This gives an impression that the elderly body
is a museum of degenerated systems, some of which may
breakdown any time. "Disorders in the aged is
pharacterised by multiplicity, chronicity and duplicity."
(Zeman).
According to Stieglitz: There are no specific diseases of
old age. "Any illness may occur at any age. But, certain
disorders increase in frequency after the peak of maturity.
These disorders, while not limited to senescents, are
nevertheless characteristically geriatric." In these
disorders are included several vascular problems such as
arteriosclerosis (hardening or thickening of the vessels),
high blood pressure and heart diseases, cerebral
haemorrhage. Included also in the disorders of the later
years are several metabolic disorders (chemical
transformation), diabetes mellitus, the male and female
climacteric (a critical crises occurring at a period of life
when vital forces begin to decline), gout, anaemia,
obesity, arthritis (inflammation of the joints), and many
types of cancer. Also Pneumonia, tuberculosis, nutritional
diseases and accidents.
22
Chapter V
Cardio-vascular system
"A Man is as old as his arteries". This old proverb
has a lot of truth in it. In fact the idea has been mooted that
the cardiovascular system may be the origin of ageing for
the whole body. By starving cells of oxygen and nutrients
and leaving them with accumulations of carbon dioxide
and other waste products, the resulting environment
might bring about ageing. Cardiac output begins to
decrease after the third decade, and blood flow to all
tissues falls as a consequence. The decrease in resting
cardiac output is largely due to decline in stroke volume
of about 0.7 per cent/year, but heart rate also falls.
The microvascular changes in all parts of the body
remain unnoticed for a long time. They are inevitable
effects of ageing.
Atherosclerosis may arise in part as a consequence
of a normal age change in the form of intimal thickening.
This might lead to ischaemia, causing loss of lipid-
mobilizing substances from the vessel wall, with
consequent accumulation of lipids including cholesterol.
Cholesterol is sclerogenic and the resulting atherosclero-
sis is a major factor in ischaemic heart disease and
cerebro-vascular accident, two leading causes of death in
old age. Such vascular changes of an atherosclerotic type
now seem an important factor in ageing.
Most individuals begin to develop atherosclerosis
at an early age, e.g., in their twenties, but it is of minor
degree and usually present as a few small plaques in the
aorta. The condition increases in severity with age, and
23

affects other vessels e.g. the coronary and cerebral arteries.
According to Dr. Paul White, the incidence of
coronary and aortic sclerosis is 46 per cent in people in
fifties and 84 per cent in the eighties.
Fig. 6
In the incidence of diseases of aged we notice that
those of the cardio-vascular system are at the top and out
of these the first one is Hypertension followed by Cardiac
insufficiency and next is Coronary Thrombosis. (Fig- 6)
Dr. Paul White has said, "Heart disease is the epidemic
of the century".
In the consideration of HYPERTENSION the first
question arises as to who is hypertensive? Some of the
well known authorities differ much regarding criteria for
considering people as hypertensives. One finds
Robinson and Brucer (1939) recommending for 120/80
mm Hg. as normal, Ayman (193^ for 140/80, Perera
(1948) for 140/90, Bechgaard (i946) for 160/100,
. 24
Burgess (1948) for 180/100, while Evans (1956) puts the
dividing line at 180/110. Arterial pressure is a quality
which cannot be strictly either on a physiological or
pathological side. There is a gradual transition from the
low and safe side to a high and dangerous side of
pressures. Pickering (1974) comments on the "absurd-
ity" of classifying subjects into the two different camps,
normotensive, and hypertensive by a sharp dividing line
of very arbitrary value. The general consensus is that
170/100 is Hypertensive; 140-170/80-100 is Inter-medi-
ate and below 140/80 Normotensive.
It has been noticed that hypertension is more in the
developed countries. Pickering (1974) puts this to a
sociological reason and says, "By far the most likely
answer to me would seem to lie between the security of
life in the tribe and the insecurity in civilization—which
causes arterial pressure to rise with age"
Hypertension may be a common finding (in a large
gerontology survey in Germany 60% of all males and
72% of all females above the age of 65 were reported to
have high pressure (Stormer); in India under 20%) but, it
is difficult to blame blood pressure alone for disorders of
the old. In effect such rise may be considered
physiological rather than pathological as many are led to
believe. So diverse are the views regarding mere high
systolic pressure that one is tempted to quote Anderson
in this connection : "If hypertension is systolic in nature
only and it can exist without impairment of function of
other organs, it is possibly more conducive to good
health in old age, than a low systolic blood pressure."
Hypertension per/se is in my experience somewhat
25
difficult to treat, specially if one was looking for quick
results only on the basis of lowering of blood pressure
reading. Many hypertensives are without symptoms and
as such Kent's Repertory does not help, there being no
separate rubric for this condition.
In the therapeutic index appended to Boericke's
Materia Medica only remedies mentioned for Blood
pressure—High, are BARYTA MUR., AURDM,
VISCUM ALB., and GLONOINE.
For Arteriosclerosis there are AM-IOD., PLUMB-
IOD., POLYG-AVIC, BARYTA, GLONOINE 2X.,
AURUM, CARDUUS, SUMBUL, and
For arterial tension raised: VERAT-VIR.yiSCUM.
Other authors group these remedies under Senile
Sclerotic Group : ARS., AUR., BAR-CARB., BAR-
MUR., PLUMB., SILICA.
Dr. Hubbard mentions that "Plumbum-lead, the
metal of Saturn, slows down and holds back the
sclerosis."
For ATHEROSCLEROSIS the IODIDES OF
ARSENIC, AURUM and PLUMBUM, in addition to
PLUMBUM MET. For atherosclerosis an American
Homoeopath finds much benefit from additional use of
VITAMIN E.
From a description in Hering's Guiding Symptoms
(Vol. I, page 142) I find that ALUMINA should be a very
good remedy for the old people. He mentions it for
vertigo with atheromata or earthy deposits on the
cerebral or cardiac arteries. Also for old people that are
26
hypochondriacal (Comp. Bar-carb.) or suffering from
chronic diseases, specially catarrhs. Cough with
involuntary emission of urine in old withered looking
people.
I am sure, you will all agree that in your experience
patients have been helped with many other remedies. I
feel that the best result would come only by
constitutional treatment by using the remedy indicated
by the totality of symptoms of the individual patients. If
I have been asked to make a pathological prescription on
the basis of just high blood pressure I have used AURUM
MURIATICUM NATRONATUM 6x, twice or thrice a
day with considerable success.
The remedies that need to be specially considered in
such cases are SULPHUR, LACHESIS, NATRUM
MUR., PHOSPHORUS, KALI-PHOS., CALC-CARB.,
THUJA, CACTUS, DYSENTERY CO.
Please don't rush in with Hypotensives and
diuretics, which weaken the subjects. And this advice
applies especially in Geriatrics. In support of my views
I quote from an article on the "Prescribing Problems in
the Elderly." (Lancet, Vol. 220, pp. 749-755, May 1978).
In regard to the Hypotensives, Dr. Williamson writes :
"Every physician who is especially interested in old
age will probably agree that he has seen more ill effects
than benefits from hypotensives in this age group. The
indications for lowering blood pressure in the over
seventies are few and it must be realized that systolic
pressures over 215 mm. Hg. and diastolic upto 115 mm.
Hg. are in themselves not an indication.
27
 Hypotensives should be used :
1. When congestive cardiac failure is thought to be
due wholly or partially to raised pressure.
2. When high pressures are accompanied by signs of
left ventricular strain such as gallop rhythm or
orthopnoea."
So eventually we can safely rely on the
homoeopathic tenet 'Treat the patient and not the
disease." In this case you can say *Treat the patient and
not the sphygmomanometer."
Before I close a consideration of this subject I must
make a reference to YOGA . Some of the SADHANAS
(practices) connected with relaxation have proved to be
very helpful in lowering high blood pressure. The
President of the Cardiology Association of India has
found it very effective and uses it extensively.
Next to Hypertension comes CARDIAC
INSUFFICIENCY with symptoms of Angina,
Breathlessness and Cardiac vascular failure. There is a
rubric for Angina, in Kent's Repertory (see Appendix). I
have used LATRODECTUS MACTANS, SPIGELIA,
CACTUS, and NAJA TRIPUDIANS, the Indian Cobra
more often. Naja has acted remarkably when the pain
extended from praecordium up the neck to the jaw.
BARYTA MUR. is another remedy useful for pain chest
immediately after eating, with epigastric tenderness, in
the aged with cardiovascular changes.
The patients have been given ACONITE or ARSENIC
ALBUM to keep with them and use during the attack
when there is pain and much anxiety.
28
For CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE there
would be a long list of remedies. ARSENIC ALB.,
CARBO VEG., KALI CARB., DIGITALIS, CRA-
TAEGUS, LACHESIS, SPONGIA, LAURACERA-
SUS, LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS are the ones I may have
used more frequently. For the resultant oliguria and pedal
oedema I have used ADONIS VERNALISw CONVAL-
LARIA MAJALIS in mother tincture but with these I
have not had any remarkable effect. SPARTIUM SCO-
PORIUM is another insufficiently proved drug used for
the same purpose.
Some books mention a list of remedies for the
SENILE HEART. One such list is : CON., DIG., IOD.,
OR, PHOS., RHUS, SULPH, CRAT., but I suppose any
of the remedies considered for the Cardiovascular sys-
tem and others may be needed.
Dr. Garth Boericke puts ARSENIC IOD. as a con-
stitutional remedy for the senile heart, myocarditis and
fatty degeneration. There may be a dilated aorta and
irregular pulse is often present.
Dr. Otto Leeser, whose scientific approach always
commands respect, says, "in general BARYTA CARB.
is said to be the best remedy in the senile heart where
other remedies seem to act too little. The bradycardia
which is present in heart block can furnish a very
valuable heart indication for Barium preparations."
This is not the occasion to talk about the prevention
of cardiovascular disease or the regime of heart patients.
The diet and cholesterol content, reduced calorie intake
for the obese ("longer the waist line shorter the life line"),
abstinence from smoking, regular mild exercise and a
29
regulated life style with adequate relaxation, physical
and mental, are all very important and must be taken care
of.
Now let me get into the field and relate to you two
very interesting cases. The first one shows the use of
DIGITALIS, which has the outstanding symptom of a
very slow pulse. In the symptomatology of Digitalis also
appears thready and intermittent pulse, respiration
difficult, stops in sleep and the sensation heart would
stop beating if she moved (rev. Gels.).
The date was 27th March, 1956, time just past 3.00
P.M. I was sent for by a patient 69 years old who had
suffered his second major heart attack (coronary
thrombosis) 4 days earlier. The reasons for the urgent
summons was the fact that he was sinking so rapidly that
he wanted to sign his will and some other papers. But this
he could not do because the moment, he even slightly
raised his head from the pillow, he would have severe
vertigo and black-out and turn deathly white. The
obvious reason for this was that the blood pressure had
fallen to less than 90 systolic as against his usual of 134.
The pulse was only 44 / per minute. It was irregular and
there were some missed beats. On this basis, the remedy
chosen was Digitalis, of which one dose of the thirtieth
was administered at 3.15 P.M. The transformation in the
condition was rapid and unbelievable and by evening he
was more cheerful. The blood pressure started to rise and
the pulse was better. A second dose was needed only
about 9.00 P.M. This gave him a restful night. One more
dose was administered next morning when he tended to
slip back slightly. No further medication was needed and
from then on, he started to feel quite normal. Two days
30
later, he took the courage to have a shower bath, of which
I was informed only later. He said he felt so well that he
wanted to be back at his table from which he was
restrained only by much persuasion. However, ten days
later, on the occasion of Hahnemann Birthday
Celebration, he announced a handsome donation for
Homoeopathy saying that it had given him a second life.
He continued to be actively engaged in his work thereaf-
ter and the heart did not fail him again and he eventually
died at the age of 74 years in May 1961 of Uraemia and
not the heart. The patient I refer to was my father, Dr.
Diwan Jai- Chand, who was the first qualified Ho-
moeopath in Northern India.
The second case shows the use of CRATAEGUS
OXYCANTHA. This is a heart tonic that we have used
in the mother tincture in material doses. It is to restore
some strength to weak heart muscles. To the highbrow
Homoeopath, this may seem a humble remedy but I have
found it most useful and if I may say so, I have earned
both money and name by its use in a patient I was called
to see at Pondicherry (a place about 2500 kms from New
Delhi, where I work). In April, 19781 was summoned by
A.G., an Italian aged 74 years. In the two months prior to
my visit, he had been hospitalised four times with lung
infection. This he was getting frequently both because of
a weak heart with symptoms of Congestive Cardiac
Failure as also a history of Asthma, of which he had
periodical attacks.
On screening it was found that one lobe of his
diaphragm was paralysed. This was considered a
doubtful complication of Herpes that he had in 1975. On
examination, he had basal crepitations, liver enlarged
31
two fingers, slightly tender, slight oedema on the ankles.
This inspite of his being on Lasix (diuretic) and Digoxin.
He had been confined to bed in the previous few months.
In view of all the complications, I confess to nervousness
in treating someone for whom, I had been called from all
this distance. The prescription on 6th April, 1978 was
Ars. alb. 30/nine powders t.i.d. and this was followed
from the fourth day by Crataegus oxy.Q. 8 drops three
times daily. The recovery was so rapid that it amazed me
as much as the attendants. In 15 days, he was riding a
moped and was thus a great advertisement for
Homoeopathy.
Crataegus oxy. is for hearts just tired out. It has been
mentioned that "For that type of common senile
myocarditis with a previous history of hypertension and
beginning decompensation, Crataegus oxy. is an
extremely valuable drug, suitable to cases complaining
of extreme weakness, feebleness and often irregular
heart action with runs of extra-systoles or slow
fibrillation. Crataegus oxy. should be regarded as an
intermediary cardiac remedy possessing no toxic effects.
It can be given for long periods of time for such senile
hearts."
32
Chapter VI
Senile Psychoses and Psycho-geriatrics
Mental changes in aged are most common, most
certain and most difficult to deal. Very often difficulties
and miseries of the old are due to tfreir mind rather than
their bodies.
"But worse than any loss of limb is the failing mind,
which forgets the names of slaves, and cannot recognise
the face of the old friend who dined with him last night,
nor those of the children whom he has begotton and
brought up." (Juvenal, n.d.) Such references to mental
disturbances in the aged and to the more dramatic aspects
of apoplexy are found in the earliest scientific and
literary works. Shakespeare's King Lear has been
considered an example of senile dementia, and in
Gulliver's Travels there is a famous passage picturing the
progressive physical and mental decline in senility.
In the background is a complex interplay of social,
psychological ?jid physical components. On the social
side the probh ms have already been mentioned earlier.
Deprived of dignity, responsibility and a feeling of
importance in the scheme of things, there results self-
devaluation and self-deterioration. "Seeing themselves
as unable, unacceptable, or useless they behave as
though they were, though they may be enjoying perfectly
good health." (Combs and Snygg—1959). In such
instances, there are strong tendencies for the individual
to turn inward, to reduce his involvement in the world
around him, and to reminisce about and live increasingly
in the past. Often his own lack of attention and interest
33
helps to account for his poor memory for recent events,
and if he feels he is unwanted, it is a short step to
becoming irritable and suspicious of others' motives and
feelings. It also leads to a sense of hopelessness, apathy
and depression.
On the physical side the brain function can suffer
considerably as a result of infections, malnutrition and
poor circulation of blood. The cerebral vascular changes
and cerebral senile changes can also account for the mind
symptoms of the old. However, the relationship of these
cerebral changes to the development of mental disorder
and particularly of mental deterioration is still not clearly
established.
There is a gradual cerebral atrophy in which the
brain tissue shrinks, the sulci open up, and the ventricles
enlarge.
Another change in the brain of these senile patients
is the development of senile plaques in the cerebral
cortex. This involves the loss of irreplaceable cells.
These are seldom seen before the age of 65 but rapidly
increase thereafter. Electron microscope studies suggest
that senile plaques involve the destruction of dendrites,
synapses, axons with the formation of an abnormal
protein of an amyloid nature. There is also the
appearance of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes.
The degenerative brain changes of old age are
accompanied by a clinical picture of progressive mental
deterioration.
In bringing about these changes the state of arteries
may have a considerable role to play. These get thick,
34
rigid, often tortuous and appear yellow in severe athero-
sclerosis. Mental confusion in old age can often be
accounted for by cerebral arterial changes with resultant
cerebral ischaemia.
The brain is known to decrease in weight as age
advances. After age of 35 years our brain cells die off at
the rate of roughly 100,000 a day from an initial total of
10,000 million or so. Brain cells once lost are never
replaced. As a result there is decline in memory,
reasoning, learning and problem solving.
In addition to the defective cerebral cortex it has
been shown that in these senile patients the adrenal
cortex over-reacts to provocation, which includes that
from many allopathic drugs, comparatively innocuous in
younger years, with possibilities of seizures, symptoms
of Parkinsonism and vascular symptoms of raised blood
pressure. This last one by use of antidepressants
(monoamine oxidase inhibitors) so frequently
prescribed these days. The use of tranquillizers,"
anticoagulants, oral antidiabetic pills and heart
medications can cause confusion.
On the basis of this background develop the mental
symptoms of the old people. From mood changes, easy
tears, easy laughter, temper tantrums and other
behaviour problems; tendency to be resentful and
suspicious; forgetful and childish; defective memory,
especially for recent events and names and inability to
find the right word; and depression to an advanced
degree of senile dementia with gross forgetfulness; slow
speech; restlessness and agitation; contrariness,
malicious resentment, suspicion, dislike of being left
35

alone, tendency to hoard and delirium and acute confu-
sions. This last state is often associated with vascular
pathology and other somatic illnesses. There can be a
feeling of boredom and neglect and depression. A state of
confusion and disorientation for time, place and persons.
Then they may roam about and get lost.
A list of remedies that may be more often indicated
for SENILE DEMENTIA are:-
ANAC, AUR-IOD., BAR-AC, BAR-C, CALC-
PHOS., CALC-C, CON., CROT-H. HEPAR-S.,
PHOS-AC, PHOS,, SEC, LACH.
BARYTA CARB., the classical remedy for many of
the symptoms of the aged, has an important role here. It
is for great mental and physical weakness in old age. For
those that have always been intellectually dull. It has
fear, especially of strangers, is suspicious; forgets what
was just said, just done, or what he was going to do or get.
Childish and foolish behaviour like King Lear.
I might as well deal with the other features of
Baryta carb. which would indicate as to why it is such an
important remedy in old people. It has Cephalalgia of old
people, especially old men; Amblyopia by age; Cataract;
Asthma in old people; Apoplexy and paralysis. It is for
those that catch cold easily and are addicted to excessive
use of stimulating drinks. In such persons diminution of
sexual desire and great weakness in genital organs and
impotence. Jt is one of the remedies for impetigo in the
old and it is also a remedy for tumours, more especially
fatty tumours. Dysphagia for solids. Paresis of the
tongue.
36
For those that are suffering from DEPRESSION
the more useful remedy may be found among PLATINA,
ARGENTUM NIT., NUX VOMICA, PSORTNUM,
LYCOPODIUM, NATRUM MUR. When it is a reactive
depression from loss of spouse they respond to the well-
known remedies IGNATTA and NATRUM MUR. and at
times AURUM, CAUSTICUM, COCCULUS,
especially when the bereavement has been preceded by
a protracted period of nursing. NATRUM MUR., of
course is for patients who cannot cry, hide their grief and
are worse from consolation.
LACHESIS is another remedy for depression. I
have known of a remarkable recovery in an old man who
asked for his breakfast in the evening as he was
completely disoriented in time. He remained well
thereafter for many years and died in his late eighties
from a stroke. Lachesis is also for those that wake out of
sleep in a delirious state, or those who undo the clothing
or throw it off because they cannot tolerate any
constriction round their body. The patient may refuse
medicine because of fear of being poisoned. Some of its
features have been considered under Menopause. There
may be muttering dilirium, feeling of being under super-
human control or religious insanity.
For the dilirium patients HYOSCYAMUS may be
indicated. Hyoscyamus resembles Lachesis in the
muttering delirium, the suspicion and confusion. But
Hyoscyamus cases are more frankly maniacal, with a
peculiar tendency to strip off their clothes; twitching and
jerking; and stupor alternating with excitement.
The mania is not as violent as when STRAMONIUM
37
is required but there is a good deal of swearing, A.M. are confirmatory symptoms.
singing and sexual talk, which is in distressing contrast Old people who need CALC-CARB. sometimes
with the patient's normal behaviour. become mentally very tired and feel unable to think. The
LYCOPODIUM is of great value in conditions of mind revolves round trivialities which seem to compel
mental torpor, with slowness of comprehension, for the attention, and he loses his mental depth. He feels he
overworked brains where brain trouble threatens must be going insane and imagines that others notice his
(Dunham), especially old people with forgetfulness of strange behaviour. He talks to himself, and sees faces on
closing the eyes to sleep. There is fear of the dark, of
words and syllables.
insanity, of something terrible going to happen and
For the depression in old age remedies that may be general timidity. The patient may drift into a state of quiet
most suitable would be AUR., KALI PHOS., melancholia.
SELENIUM.
All these remedies according to indications would
do great service in cases of depression where these old
people find life not worth living.
For the greedy, suspicious, malicious, exhausted,
broken down old man you can use ANACARDIUM for
all his physical and mental symptoms as they often have
the indication of amelioration by eating.
The great trio of polychrests SULPHUR, CALC-
CARB. and LYCO. of course, find a place here, as at any
age. Lycopodium has been considered above.
The old person needing SULPHUR shows it by a
less restrained expression of tendencies which were
always present, to untidiness, dirtiness, selfishness and
sometimes mildly maniacal behaviour. They are often
greedy, careless about table manners, and indifferent to
the effect of their behaviour on others. It is a difficult
business to get them to take baths. An itchy skin eruption,
fibrositic pains, both worse from the warmth of the bed,
frequent wakings at nights, and sleeplessness after 4 39
38
 Chapter VII sleep.
Sleep Other than insomnia from such specific causes,
which need treatment and are dealt with in other sections
of this paper, remedies found useful in the sleeplessness
For I am weary, and am of the aged are ACON., BAR-C, COFE, SYPH.
overwrought. With too much toil, Ruddock gives COFFEA CRUDA for the
wakefulness of old people in 3rd or 6th potency and finds
with too much care it the most effectual in producing calm sleep.
distraught. And with the iron crown S YPHILINUM has been lauded as a real bonanza in
of anguish the sleeplessness of the aged as well as in their depression
and rectal difficulties, haemorrhoids, fissures and obsti-
crowned. Lay thy soft hand upon my
nate constipation.
brow and cheek, BARYTA GARB, is the only remedy mentioned by
O peaceful sleep! Kent. It is also the remedy for those that are drowsy in day
and at night and the remedy for those old people that talk
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
in their sleep.
INSOMNIA is one of the most common complaints
of the old. It is unfortunate that nature affords old people
less and less sleep just at a time when boredom and
loneliness lead many to crave more. Sleep is decreased
especially in later part of night.
It is important to investigate insomnia carefully and
to uncover any underlying cause such as dyspnoea, pain,
bladder or rectal discomfort, nocturia and anxiety. An
important cause is also depression, with early waking
and severe sleeplessness.
A bedside commode or urine bottle may help in
securing more restful nights.
An attempt to provide the old person with physical
and mental activity by day will help in producing better 41
40
 Chapter VHI
In\he neurological disorders the PARALYTIC
GROUP is the largest. Though a problem of the nervous
system it is essentially a result of the changes in the
cerebral arteries, so now termed a Cerebro-Vascular
Accident.
The homoeopathic texts still use the word apoplexy
in a loose way to describe this entire group though most
of the cases, at least most of those cases that survive, are
cases of paralyses as a result of cerebral thrombosis.
At the time of occurrence of the stroke ARNICA is
an extremely useful medicine. Another remedy at that
time and sometimes even in cases of haemorrhage is
OPIUM.
Unless the haemorrhage is massive these remedies
can do much alongwith ACON., BELL, and NUX VOM.
42
I have not had occasion to use these three remedies often
because by the time the patients have reached me the
initial phase is over and it is a problem of the subsequent
paralysis.
One case is very vivid in my memory because of the
very remarkable and very rapid effect of medicine. I was
called at mid-night in an emergency to this patient in the
vicinity of my house. On arrival I found him completely
unconscious, flushed face with considerable warm
sweat, slight stertor in his breath and blowing of cheeks
with each expiration and on examination I found
additionally pinpoint pupils. In a case like that no further
analysis was necessary and he was immediately given
some doses of OPIUM 200. The attendants said he may
have difficulty in swallowing so I told them to put a few
tiny globules (of No. 10) on the tongue. I told them to
report in the morning but they came only next evening
because within a few hours the patient recovered
consciousness and was feeling so well that the whole
household had been resting after that sleepless night.
For the paralysis subsequent to the stroke,
homoeopathy has a lot to offer. The only treatment which
the other school gives is vitamins. Physiotherapy, by way
of passive and active movements, and in some cases
electrical stimulation can, of course, be common to all
systems. Even though I do not usually prescribe any
vitamin but if the patient is already using it and feels
somewhat concerned that there may not be any ill effects
by stoppage I let them use it. Therefore, they have
nothing to lose by the additional treatment that they get
from a homoeopath. The most outstanding remedy, of
43
course, remains CAUSTICUM, although more specifi-
cally advised for right-sided paralysis. The remedies as
they appear in Kent's Repertory both in the section of
extremities and in generalities I need not repeat. Among
the other remedies that are more often found useful are
PHOSPHORUS, LACHESIS, PLUMBUM.
Hughes has made a very pertinent point in recom-
mending PHOSPHORUS "for the premonitory signs as
it will not only control the determination of blood to the
brain but also do something to retard the advance of
brittleness and obstruction of the arteries" i.e., the ath-
erosclerotic process. It is, however, equally useful in the
resulting paralysis.
Dr. R.N., a retired Civil Surgeon, in his 70s had a
stroke and was lying in coma in the hospital for more than
two weeks, when I was called to see him. There were not
many symptoms to go by except that he was showing the
signs of hemiplegia on the left side. He was given
PHOSPHORUS 30/8 doses in an ounce of water, a
teaspoonful to be administered every 4 hours. After the
second dose he opened his eyes, looked around and
finding that he was in an Allopathic Hospital called his
daughter, who was attending on him, and requested that
he be put under homoeopathic treatment and Dr. Harish
Chand be sent for. She replied that this had already been
done. This consciousness was for a very brief period of
about 15 minutes and he lapsed into his former state
thereafter. The doses were continued. After about 12
hours he completely regained consciousness and there
was no relapse. The Allopathic doctors who were
unaware of the Homoeopathic medicine that had been
44
given were jubilant and when he insisted that he must
leave the hospital they wanted to persuade him saying
that now he was responding to the treatment. However,
as a medical man himself he knew that allopathy has
nothing to offer in his condition. He had for many years
been interested in and been studying homoeopathy.
Thereafter he made a rapid and complete recovery from
the paralysis and went back to his home town. He kept
quite well and I would see him time to time when he
would bring other patients for consultation. Some years
later I learnt that he died at the age of 86 from some kind
of Pneumonia.
Dr. K.N.M. in his late fifties consulted me for
BELL'S PALSY affecting the left side of his face. He had
been a diabetic for some years. Looking in the Repertory
the only remedy that appears both for left side facial
paralysis and sugar in the urine is CURARE. This is
rather unusual and I would not have thought of it unless
I referred to the Repertory. Curare 200 single dose was
administered with very speedy and complete recovery of
the paralysis though no effect on the diabetes.
Another neurological condition by ageing (mostly
after 50 years) is PARKINSONISM. Remedies are
mentioned for it in Kent's Repertory, under Paralysis
Agitans (p. 1390), and other texts but I have in general
failed to make much headway with these cases. The
remedies I have tried most are PLUMBUM, MERCU-
RIUS, ZINCUM and AGARICUS. Agaricus is not in
Kent's list but it is a remedy for tremors and I have tried
it on the indication of the tremors ceasing in sleep.
45
 Chapter IX
Ophthalmological Conditions
Old men's eyes are like old men's memories:
they are strongestior things a long way off.
—George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)
There are changes in the lens as we grow so that
from the age of forty years reading material has to be held
at longer and longer distance because of decreasing
accommodation (PRESBYOPIA). This is easily
corrected with glasses.
A problem that develops later in life is CATARACT
and this is far more common in India than in western
countries. Though only two remedies are mentioned
under the rubric Cataract, senile viz., CARB-AN. and
SEC. I feel the Cataract rubric in general (p.236) is to be
referred to. In fact in Burnett's series of cases best results
followed the use of such constitutional remedies as
SULPHUR, SILICA, PHOSPHORUS, CALCAREA
CARB. Other remedies found useful were
CAUSTICUM, CONTUM and LYCOPODIUM. The
Calcareas are the most popular and if I am consulted
casually without the opportunity of meeting the patient
and taking a proper history I prescribe CALCAREA
FLUOR. 6x, a total of 8-9 tabs daily divided in 2-3 doses.
This is in accord with recommendation of Dr. Anshutz
based on experience of German physicians. Locally, the
time honoured succus CINERARIA MARITIMA eye
drops have a definite role though it is doubtful if it can
reverse the process. It may retard or stop further
deterioration in some cases.
46
However, I agree with Burnett that cataract is a
constitutional complaint and it is essential to treat the
patient and not the cataract.
A case is recorded of bilateral cataract having
cleared in an octogenerian by use of Silica 1M (Brit.
Horn. Jour. 1924-p.63).
PULSATILLA, the acute of silica, is mentioned as
a remedy if cataract develops in a lady soon after the
climacteric.
An interesting study on the "Role of CONIUM
MACULATUM in the prevention of immature cataract"
was presented at the 66th session of the Indian Science
Congress in 1979. The abstract of the paper is as
follows:-
"The immature cataract of 43 patients was
determined following the examination of lental opacity,
defective vision, presence of iris shadow and fundal
glow but interrupted by black spots and presence of all
the purkinje images. All the patients were divided into
different age groups. Conium maculatum (different
homoeopathic potencies) was prescribed for different
lengths of period and the condition of the immature
cataract was reinvestigated following the above-
mentioned tests, at the interval of one month and
continued upto four months. The results at the end of four
months showed significant improvement in the
condition of immature cataract and the fall of vision was
improved remarkably."
GLAUCOMA is another eye condition that may
have to be tackled in the senior citizens.
47
 Some cases of Glaucoma respond well to Ho- of MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE solution gave an in-
moeopathictreatment. The remedies particularly useful crease in the well being and general activity. This would
are SPIGELIA ANTHELMIA(specially if the trouble is make it almost a measure for rejuvenation of the old.
in the left eye) and PHOSPHORUS. Such cases have, of For DIMNESS OF VISION in old, presumably
course, to be kept under close observation and those that from senile changes in the retina, the remedy I have used
do not respond quickly have to be handed over to the is BARYTA CARB. (Kent's Repertory p.276), the well
surgeon. known remedy for degenerative changes by age.
In my copy of Kent's Repertory I have added more AURUM is for weakness of vision in old people
remedies which I got from Dr. Pierre Schmidt, who that are corpulent and tired of life.
extracted them from Hering. The complete rubric has :
BELL., BRY., CEDR., COLCH., CQLOC, CROT-H.,
KALI-I, LAC-C, CAMPH., PHOS., PHYS., prun.,
rhus-t, SPIG., SULPH..
ARCUS SENILIS : remedies in I & II grade in
Kent's Repertory are COCC, COLOC, KALI BICH.,
MERC, PULS., SULPH. I have not prescribed for the
Arcus nor do I think that tne remedies will clear it but may
arrest the process. Recently it has been considered
somewhat significant as an indication of state of arteries
in the body and possibility of coronary thrombosis later.
The iridologists call it, the Sodium Ring and I have
known some that treat it with tablets of some Magnesium
salts.
This brings to my mind an interesting reference to
Magnesium made by Dr. Otto Lesser. He mentions that
according to observations of P. Delbet, a number of old
age phenomena were favourably influenced when
Magnesium was regularly introduced. Old people become
more able to work. Sexual function is stimulated, muscle
stiffness is lessened or removed, likewise senile tremor,
and pruritus senilis. Studies on the healthy with the use
48 49
 Chapter X
EARS
HEARING IMPAIRMENTS increase with age.
For this although BARYTA CARB. appears in third
grade in the Repertory but I would think of that as the first
remedy. The other two remedies in second grade are
CICUf A and PETROLEUM. This may not be taken as
the total list and other rubrics can be referred to depend-
ing on individual symptoms in a patient.
Apart from diminished hearing PETROLEUM has
dry catarrh and noises; ringing and cracking in ears; and
noise unbearable especially when several people are
talking together. It is for nerve deafness in old people and
in arthritic subjects.
Allied to this is TINNITUS AUREUM, an
annoying symptom complained of by many old people.
In fact if this is too bad it may account for the impairment
in hearing. Kent's Repertory has a long list of remedies
under Ear, Noises, with many subrubrics but none
specifically mentioned for this condition in the aged.
Remedies that may be indicated more often are
BARYTAS (carb. and mur.) CHIN-SULPH., CHINA,
CAUSTICUM, GRAPHITES, PETROLEUM,
SULPHUR. If no other remedy is specifically indicated
I would try CHININUM SULPH. It has violent ringing,
buzzing, and roaring in ears, with deafness. Many of us
from the tropics, who suffered with malaria, remember
such symptoms being produced by Quinine sulph.,
widely used upto the forties of this century.
With or without the tinnitus, another troublesome
50
condition frequently found in old people is VERTIGO.
This is mostly linked to the changes in the arteries and
poorer circulation. If it is due to spondylitis then simple
exercises of the neck muscles, and general instructions
about the 'low or no pillow', and hard bed, and less
bending of the neck.during work would greatly help. In
fact, these measures would probably help all advancing
in years. The Repertory list for Vertigo in old people
(p. 102) is; AMBR., BAR-C, CALC-R, CUPR., RHUS-
T., SIN-N. Here again though not specifically mentioned
in the rubric, one of the most useful remedies is
CONIUM. Apart from generally helping in the
conditions incident to old age, it has very definite
symptoms of giddiness in the act of lying down and
turning over in bed, feels as if the bed were floating,
whirling vertigo on rising; on looking around. The other
remedy found very useful in positional vertigo where
giddiness occurs for any change of position is
BRYONIA. Blackwood mentions it as almost a specific
for elderly women that have constipation alongwith
much vertigo.
51

Chapter XI
Respiratory System
The conditions of respiratory system as we have
seen account for more than 19% of the diseases of aged
in India and if we consider the Munich Survey 66% of the
males and 34% of the females had either emphysema or
bronchitis.
The relative incidence of different respiratory con-
ditions in the Indian Survey are shown in the'following
chart
Fig. 8
In this sphere again Homoeopathy has a lot to offer,
even though the irreversible changes that have occurred
in emphysema may not get cured completely.
52
In the weak state of the aged, ACUTE CHESTS
(bronchitis and pneumonia) are naturally more serious
than in the young. The remedies remain the same right
from ACONITE, BELLADONNA and BRYONIA in
the initial stages to CARBO VEG. and ANT-TART, in the
more serious ones. I need not consider these in any detail
or give the indications. The one remedy that J would like
to highlight as specially useful here is ANT-TART. It is
particularly useful for the old people with threatened
paralysis of the lungs. There are sudden and alarming
symptoms of suffocation, oppression and short breathing
and orthopnoea. There is accumulation of mucus in the
chest with coarse and loud rattling. There is much weak-
ness and drowsiness and lack of reaction. The patient is
covered with cold sweat. Another remedy that may be of
special utility hi the respiratory conditions of the ageing
is AMMONIUM CARB. I have helped with it cases of
emphysema, as much help as can possibly be rendered
considering the pathology in the lung.
In the ASTHMA of the old people, there are the
usual old age remedies as AMBRA, BARYTA CARB,
CONTUM, CARBO VEG. and the remedy useful for it at
any age—ARSENIC.
COUGH can be another troublesome sympu^n. In
addition to the remedies mentioned, I may highlight
another one and that is SENEGA. This is for Asthenic
Bronchitis of old people with difficult raising of tough,
profuse mucus and thus there is rattling in the chest (Ant-
tart).
A rarely thought of remedy in Bronchitis of old
people is PROTEUS. This has been specially empha-
53
sised by Dr. Farrington. Chapter XII
CARBO VEG., the Homoeopathic corpse reviver, Digestive system
cannot be omitted from the fjeld of geriatrics. It could
have been considered in connection with cardio-vascular
failure. But whether air hunger is due to the failing heart
and poor oxygen delivery system, or to an imperfect
oxygenation in the lungs due to pulmonary causes the
symptom is equally important. In acute chests there will
be marked air hunger referred to above. The patient
wants air moving briskly about him and therefore to be
fanned.
There is cold sweat, with cold bream, coolness of
mouth and tongue. But with all the coldness, there may
be burning of the chest as from glowing coals. The
abdomen may be burning and considerable relief to
breathlessness from passing of wind up or down for In the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM one of the most
patients that are collapsed and almost gone. Carbo veg. common and distressing symptom is CONSTIPATION.
may still save them and so justifiably carries the Many of the aged lead a sedentary life. This leads to
reputation: "corpse reviver". It is that indeed. In the early weakened abdominal muscles. The reduced activity also
1940s when I was a medical student, I remember my results in reduced massaging of the intestine. Becuase of
grandmother, then in her late 70s suffer a pulmonary this reduced motorial activity with age the bowels do not
infarction and being saved by my father with Carbo veg. drive the contents further with former efficiency. There-
prescribed on the above symptoms. She survived and fore, in addition to the medicine some exercise is to be
lived a number of years thereafter advised. Few extra glasses of water may help in ridding
the patient of hard dry stools, The constipation is also
made worse by frequent use of drugs, aspirin to tranquil-
lisers, which weaken and interfere with the defaecation "
reflex, leading to stagnation. Now the hard faecal masses
refuse to move forward in absence of vigorous motorial
activity. Such drugs are used by the old for the many other
complaints, of aches and pains to insomnia and expres-
54
sion, that they have.
55
 Use of laxatives is not the correct approach.
Westropp and Williams put it that "many people lead an
alternate life of constipation and drug induced di-
arrhoea."
BRYONIA is already mentioned above (under
Ears). Another remedy that is not so well proved and
therefore not thought of as frequently is HYDRASTIS.
Some of the other remedies like ALUMINA, OPIUM,
BARYTA CARB., CONIUM, RUTA, etc. would be on
the general indications.
RUTA is of particular interest. Dr. R.M. le Hunte
Cooper mentions it as an organ remedy for the rectum. I
have verified his recommendation in cases of Cancer of
the rectum with definite benefit and even a few cures. For
these cases as suggested by him CARCINOSIN was
given as an inter-current remedy (Trans. Int. Horn. Cong.
1927).
For constipation alternating with diarrhoea, the
most effective remedy can be ANT-CRUD. This remedy
seems to suit many of the nutritional and digestive
symptoms of the old and those patients would also have
the tongue thickly coated white as if a layer of paint has
been applied. It also has the rattly chest not uncommon
in the aged with chronic bronchitis, whether as a result of
smoking or otherwise, and no expulsive power in the
lungs.
In the Chronic Diarrhoea in o.d men, indicated by
the stool and urinary symptoms and a tremulous
weakness, CONIUM is to be considered first.
For old people with morning diarrhoea, Allen, has
56
recommended PHOSPHORUS and for relaxation of
bowels in the aged think of SULPHUR.
The indigestion in the old is aggravated by poor
mastication because of loss of teeth. The provision of
proper dentures may rebeve the dyspepsia and much
flatulence.
I briefly mention to you about a case that not only
had some digestive complaints but the case history
would illustrate the multiplicity of disorders in the old
and some of the connected social factors.
Sir N.R.P. age 80 years, a resident of London, con-
sulted me on January 29,1979. He started by saying that
his wife had been ill and he had been nursing her through
different ailments till her death in 1976. They had lived
together for 49 years and her death was a great shock to
him. He was prone to irregular bowel action earlier and
would have 2 or 3 stools daily which were, however, not
abnormal. In 1976 he suddenly developed constipation.
This was the time he had the psychological trauma of his
wife's death. Later he developed flatulence and still later
pain abdomen off and on, which would be relieved by
passing flatus.
The skin was very dry and there was itching. A
consultant in London had finally put it to emotional
factors, that is, his wife's death.
All investigations of Gastro-intestinal tract were
negative.
The stool was never satisfactory and due to much
straining he developed a Hernia.
57
 He was suffering from Diabetes from 1961 which
was kept under control by Diabenese.
He was prescribed NUX VOMICA 30/8 powders,
one every night. His report on February 7, 1979—
"Immediate effect was agreeably surprising and I was
thrilled by it. Normal bowel action, normal colour and
consistency and less effort as in old days. The flatulence
in the afternoon is much better." Prescription S.L.*
Report on February 20—"Distinct all round im-
provement, digestion is improving but could be better."
March 2—"Has had to eat many farewell parties
and digestion not as good; appetite reduced (because of
overeating)". Repeated Nux vomica 30. This was again
followed with improvement. On March 29, just before
his return home he again complained of slight recurrence
of symptoms and was given a single powder of Nux
vomica 200 followed by the usual S.L.*
This case history highlights a number of factors.
Apart from the digestive complaints, he had the dryness
of the skin and itching, hernia and diabetes. As already
mentioned most of the old people have a multiplicity of
complaints. Another significant fact is the change in
social status and losing one's spouse and thus a break of
companionship resulting in much loneliness and
boredom. In fact, the statistics show that after losing
one's spouse death occurs sooner than would otherwise
be expected. This is particularly so for widowers as
compared to widows.
Dr. Ghosh has recommended that in
♦S.L. = Saccharum lactis given as placebo.
58
STRANGULATED HERNIA in old people with severe
pain try PITUITARY 30 and it may obviate the need for
surgery. I have not had such a patient. But, another case
of Rai Bahadur B.B. age 72 years, I do remember. He
came for some other complaints for which I prescribed
NAT-MUR. 200. He also told me he had Bilateral Ingui-
nal Hernia and Diabetes. When he called me again after
one month he pointed to the wall where his truss was
hung. The hernia had vanished much to his joy and my
absolute surprise. Being an enthusiast for homoeopathy
he insisted that I report this case in the journal for benefit
of others. But that is a drawback in individualisation. No
one else would benefit by receiving Nat-mur. for hernia.
I had seen this patient some thirty years ago and surely he
would have by now passed away. I am only belatedly
fulfilling his wish to only highlight the fact that "nothing
is impossible with homoeopathy" Spaking of hernias I
may mention that I have had very good success in babies,
the younger the baby the more successful I have been.
The remedy has mostly been CALCAREA CARB.
Though medicines are given in our texts the treatment of
hernia in adults is quite frustrating.
59
 Chapter XIII
Menopause
It may be dangerous, or at least impolite, to call a
woman old at any age and more so when she may not
have completed even 50 years. However, the menopause
does represent a "change of life" that occurs with advanc-
ing years and as such justifies at least a brief considera-
tion here. Besides the ovary is somewhat of an exception
in ageing to a large extent independently of the rest of the
body. Although it is a normal physiological process but,
like many other changes in the body, is accompanied by
symptoms, that are for the most part functional and
without organic disease. In fact only about 20% of
women go through a symptom-free menopause. The list
of symptoms put under post - menopausal syndrome is a
long one. Some of these are : hot flushes and sweats;
headaches; dizziness; lack of concentration; irritability;
loss of libido; body or joint pains or backaches; insom-
nia; palpitation; and at times emotional turmoil, nervous
depression etc. An undue increase in weight is common
at this time with all the attendant problems of obesity. In
the premenopausal phase, before the menses cease, in
addition to some of the above symptoms there may be
irregular menses, metrorrhagia or copious bleeding, at
times even dangerous floodings.
The other school treats these symptoms with some
hormone preparations or sedatives but it is now being
realised that this is fraught with many dangers.
Prolonged use of oestrogens has been implicated as a risk
60
factor in cervical cancer, deep vein thrombosis, chole-
cystitis etc.
The best treatment for the menopause is the deep
constitutional remedy covering the totality of the
patient's symptoms at that time. Among the more
commonly indicated remedies are CALCAREA
CARBONICA, LACHESIS, SEPIA, SULPHUR; less
frequently APIS, GRAPHITES, PHOSPHORUS and
PSORINUM.
Dr Hubbard in her special style gives some graphic
drug pictures. "LACHESIS is spectacular in the
menopause where the neck becomes mottled, the patient
has an endless spate of talk, neckbbeads are discarded
and fans carried, and unreasoning jealousy and
groundless suspicion combine with a powerful, ener-
getic personality to make the home impossible."
Hering says it was characteristic of his Lachesis
patients that they had never been well since the
menopause.
Remember that Lachesis has amelioration from
discharges and menopause represents the stoppage of a
discharge, even though natural. It is the capital remedy
for one of the very distressing and common symptom at
this time and that is "hot flushes". Apart from the
discomfort and nervousness and palpitation that may
accompany it, it can at times be very embarrassing also.
I recall the wife of a diplomat in India who said that she
feels so ashamed when in the middle of a formal party she
suddenly feels the flush and with it anxiety and
palpitation and then breaks out into a sweat. Lachesis 200
61
in single dose helped her so tremendously that even when
she moved to Gabon she sent a fried to fetch the remedy
for a recurrence.
I would'go to the extent of saying that unless any
other remedy was specifically called for I would use
Lachesis. ACID SULPHURIC is the second most used
remedy by me for this condition.
"The woman needing SEPIA shares the honours,
with Lachesis. She is cold, dowdy, indifferent in her
house-keeping. Friends and family are too much effort.
From passivity she flies into futile rages and makes biting
or gross remarks without realizing it."
Sepia is frigid and disliking sympathy, can have the
yellow saddle across nose and cheeks, which is -
dependent on hormonal changes. Bearing down is a well
known symptom of Sepia, with of without actual pro-
lapse. In some cases stress incontinence.
I may relate here a rather unusual recovery with
Sepia in a case of procidentia, though not directly
connected with menopause. Mrs. M.K.M., age 70 years,
was seen on July 22,1980. She was of feeble constitution
and had a number of vague complaints which I need not
detail here. A distressing condition was procidentia, with
some bleeding and discharge from mechanical irritation
and not cancer. She had suffered from this for the
previous six years. The uterus could not even be pushed
in. She also suffered from a tendency to vomiting quite
frequently and this could not be explained. Also quite
frequently she would have low grade pyrexia. I did not
think that much good would come out of treatment,
particularly in the prolapse.
62
Sepia 200 was prescribed: Two powders, one to be
taken in evening when she came for consultation, and
one at bed time.
Next reported on September 2,1980. Vomiting had
stopped. Prolapse continues. I suggested that if she was
averse to an operation perhaps she could try out the "the
ring pessary". She said that this had been suggested by a
gynaecologist but she was hesitant. Sepia 200 was
repeated : 3 powders to be taken every half hour.
On October 13,1980, Temperature continues to be
normal, digestion better, no vomiting. Prolapse the same
but now no bleeding.
In the report a month later (November 13, 1980)
there was again bleeding. Sepia 200 was repeated.
January 2,1981 she reported "50% relief in uterine
prolapse." Cn February 3, 1981, "75% improvement"
and on March 10, 1981 she said "prolapse completely
gone and it does not come down any time." Last report
received on April 13, 1981: No recurrence.
It may be noted that the last dose of Sepia 200 was
given on November 13, 1981 and thereafter she is
continuing on placebo as improvement is maintained.
"We must never forget that SULPHUR is an
amazing remedy for the ageing. Their swollen ankles,
varicose veins, spotted dresses and untidy hair, and
increasing pre-occupation with themselves, and laziness
encroach upon the natural personality."
Hardly any remedy surpasses CALCAREA
CARB. for the heavy and continuous haemorrhages
63
during the menopause. These women are pale, flabby, in the Repertory are CALCAREA CARB., PULSA-
relaxed and cold, and reserved. The flow is hot, bright TILLA, RHUS TOX., CARBON-SULPH., ARGEN-
and gushing. At the time of the bleeding I have often used TUM NIT. .CHINA, IGNATIA.
it's acute remedy BELLADONNA. For heavy bleeding,
I have found SABINA of great use, especially if it is
There are also the depressions arising as a result of
bright red flow with dark clots. If there is pain it is from
use of drugs e.g. remedies for hypertension that contain
the pubis backward to sacrum or vice versa. Protracted
haemorrhages at the menopause. In view of its Reserpine.
usefulness, I am afraid, I have prescribed it routinely in
For a further study of the subject I refer you to an
repeated doses of the 6th potency during the bleeding
excellent article "Menopausal Depression" by the
phase unless some other remedy be specifically
indicated. Less often I have used MILLEFOLIUM, Psychiatrist Homoeopath, Dr. Frank Bodman (British
FICUS RELIGIOSA and THLASPI B.P. all in mother Horn, Journal - VolXXI No.l; Jan. 1972).
tincture. Or Belladonna as mentioned above, or
IPECAC.
A fairly usual practice with me is to give the
indicated constitutional remedy in high potency in the
interval between bleedings and one of the haemorrhagic
remedies in low potency during the bleeding, to try and
moderate it.
The peak incidence of DEPRESSION in women is
at the stage of the menopause (age 46-50 years) with an
incidence of 17 per 1,000. The cases have been divided
mto the ENDOGENOUS DEPRESSIONS, for the
symptoms of which remedies like LYCOPODIUM,
NATRUM MUR., PHOSPHORIC ACID, SEPIA,
SILICA, SULPHUR, NUX-VOM., GRAPHITES,
LACHESIS and MURIATIC ACID have been worked
out from the Kent's Repertory. For the contrasting
symptoms of the NEUROTIC or REACTIVE
DEPRESSIONS the remedies coming through strongly
64
65
 Chapter XIV and SELENIUM.
For an increase in sexual desire in old women, the
Sexual problems
remedy is MOSCHUS.
PA condition that is a cause of considerable Some old men complain of frequent emissions. The
worry, especially to the ageing male, is the reducing remedy especially useful for this is NAT-C.
virility and eventually IMPOTENCE. Although Kent's
Repertory does not have a separate rubric for impotency
in old age but this is definitely a problem which many
old people would complain about. In fact many men,
particularly the less educated, would consider old age
only by the decline in the sexual prowess. Some of the
remedies that may be particularly considered here are:
AGN-C, ALUMINA, BAR-C. CON., LYCO., PHOS.,
PIC-AC, SEL., STRYCH-PHOS. SULPH., THUJ.
(Strych-phos. I have included on the experience of
Dr.George Royal).
Dr. Pierce mentions that in sexual weakness and
impotency in old age the symptom of involuntary
emission, particularly when straining at stool, is a
valuable indication for ALUMINA.
AGNUS C, is especially useful in those advanced
in years who in their youth have carried sexual
indulgence to extreme, and who, while physically
impotent are mentally as in early life.
LYCOPODIUM is another useful and so popular
remedy in this sphere. Dr. Nash says that happy results
have been obtained by old men who on marrying young
wives, have found themselves impotent, the result of age.
For an increase in sexual desire in old men who are
otherwise impotent the remedies are LYCOPODIUM
67
66
 age in men.
The residual urine can lead to infection and
Chapter XV occurrence of cystitis. Malignancy of the prostate is
Urinary problems another condition to be kept in mind.
UROGENITAL Remedies that have shown particular utility in
ENLARGED PROSTATE are CON., BAR-C, THUJA
and sometimes DIG. A remedy not so well proved in the
rest of its symptomatology but found of great benefit here
is SAB AL SERR. I still vividly remember one patient in
68

UTERUS
& CERVIX

Fig. 10
Urinary frequency, sudden urge, dribbling, inconti-
nence, difficulty in passing, feeble stream, ineffectual
urge and pain are some of the symptoms in the aged,
especially in old men.
Men far outnumber women in the incidence of
urinary symptoms and Enlarged Prostate is the most
common condition leading to urinary problems in old
paricular. He was in his seventies and had acute retention
for which he had been catheterised once. The following
day when he was again in great trouble, his son ap-
proached me. The patient received one dose of SAB AL
SERR. and was then being driven to the hospital for
catheterisation. Half way he asked his son to stop the car
and found that he was able to pass urine though not freely.
Not being happy with the hospital atmosphere, he asked
his son to take him back home. A few more doses and the
whole trouble passed and he died some ten years later of
Pneumonia but never any recurrence of prostate. The
fuller list of remedies useful in this condition appears on
page 667 as also in some of the rubrics in the section of
Bladder.
Anshutz's remedy for enlarged prostate where
catheter must be frequently used is SOLEDAGO VIR-
GAUREA. I ha^e used this with succes in the lower
potencies but mostly I tried it only if I failed with Sabal
serrulata. He mentions another little known remedy,
OXYDENDRON ARBOREUM.
The Biochemic prescribers rely on CALC-
FLUOR. 6x.
I have not had any experience with HYDRANGEA
ARBORESCENS. In fact I confess that I had not known
much about it till I started to write this monograph. It is
made out as 'the remedy' for "large prostate and very
difficult urination" unless there were clear indications
for some other medicine on basis of totality. 5 to 10 drops
of the mother tincture given twice daily.
These are some of the lesser known and used
medicines for Hypertrophy of the Prostate and so 1 have
69
mentioned in some detail. Of course, as chronic remedies
in thses cases CON., CAUST., BAR-CARB., PULS.,
SELEN ., and STAPH, are to be considered.
For urging and pain after urinating in patients with
enlarged prostate the remedies are STAPH, and SARS.
For dribbling and enuresis in addition to the list of
better known remedies mentioned in Kent's Repertory
other authors have highlighted the use of some lesser
known ones. Dr. Blackwood writes about PIPER
METHYSTICUM for nocturnal enuresis of the aged and
the feeble, dependent on muscular weakness. The same
author also mentions about RHUS AROMATICA in
urinary incotinence of the aged, in dribbling and noctur-
nal enuresis. COPAIVA is for ineffectual urging in old
women.
70
Chapter XVI
Joints, Bones and Muscles
Rheumatism is a common cause of misery and
disability in old people. However, I will not consider it
here as it also occurs in younger people and the remedies
are the same. Nor do I propose to consider the metabolic
disorder Gout, which manifests in joint inflammation.
OSTEO-ARTHRmS is a dengerative disease of
the joints that results as a natural part of ageing and is a
common disorder of the old. Although the bone changes
may not be reversible but treatment can bring about
clinical relief and make them more mobile, possibly by
reducing some attendant inflammation.
I am reminded of an anecdote:
Patient : I've got a pain in my left foot.
Doctor : Don't worry. It's just old age.
Patient i In that case, why doesn't my
right foot hurt-I've had it just
as long.
RHUS TOX and BRYONIA continue to have a role
here as in rheumatism. CALCAREA FLU_OR. is another
remedy I have often depended on. At times I have used
it in 6x repeated doses and other times in 200c single
dose. Indications are somewhat like Rhus tox. to which
it is complementary. However, more often deeper acting
medicines are needed.
CALC-CARB. comes in when the patient is very
stiff and rather sluggish generally, with pain aggravated
by cold and damp and exertion, like RHUS, which it
71
often complements as the deeper remedy. In such cases
also remember TUBERCULINUM BOVINUM, espe-
cially when the patient feels every change of weather. There are conditions that may primarily depend on
the nervous system or are neuromuscular in their mani-
CAUSTICUM has modalities opposite to CALC, festation. Many people in advancing years have a TOT-
relief in rain and aggravated from cold dry winds like TERING GAIT, not being sure of their balance. CO-
NUX and KALI CARB. and SEPIA. NIUM is an excellent remedy and has the symptoms of
Dr. Gordon Ross mentions that old age means a loss difficult gait, trembling, sudden loss of strength while
of elasticity with stiffness- in the joints and wandering walking, painful stiffness of legs, the well known as-
pains and kali salts are excellent for this as they have an cending weakness etc.
affinity for connective tissue. "CAUSTICUM and KALI As age advances the hands do not remain as steady
CARB. are sheet anchors for the pains of ...Osteoarthri- and the handwriting also gets shaky. For such trembling
Us. and SENILE TREMORS the remedies are AGARICUS,
I would add here two other remedies not often ALUMINA, AMBRA G., AVENA SAT. CANN-IND.,
thought of as they do not appear in the books. One is LEDUM PAL., MERC, PHOS., ZINC.
OSTEO-ARTHRITIC NOSODE (O.A.N.) and the other
is the bowel nosode SYCOTIC CO. In 1980 at the
Mexico Congress I related the case of an Italian lady
with much arthritis and osteoporosis so amazingly
helped by THUJA prescribed on the basis of a recurrent
dream of falling.
A condition which occurs in the old people as a
result of osteoporosis and brittleness of the bones is the
frequent fractures. It is said where the young bones, like
young twigs, bend the old ones break. For this if there be
imperfect callus formation or slow union, then the usual
remedies, SYMPHYTUM, CALCAREA CARBON-
ICA and CALCAREA PHOS. wou. J be useful or the in-
dicated constitutional.
PHOSPHORUS is reputed to help the stiffness of
the aged.
72 i

73
 Chapter XVII
Old Age Remedies
Homoepathy depends on careful individualisation
of each case, and almost any remedy in our vast Materia
medica might be required on occasion. But, certain
troubles are common in the old and I have tried to
consider the more usual remedies for them. (See Kent's
Final General Repertory p. 1376) If I may list the reme-
dies that are in general more applicable in geriatrics,
these are BARYTA CARB., CONILnVL AMBRA
GRISEA, FLOURIC ACID, ALUMINA and to these for
the frail condition Dr. E. Wright has additionally sug-
gested ARNICA, CRATAEGUS, HYDRASTIS,
LYCOPODIUM, OPIUM, SECALE, THUJA. The util-
ity of most of these would be apparent from what has
been mentioned in considering die different conditions.
Baryta carb., Alumina, Lycopodium, Opium have
mosdy been dealt with.
Some additional points about CONIUM are inabil-
ity to sustain any mental effort and a loss of memory. It
is an important remedy for enlarged prostate and the
symptoms that go with it. It has paralysis well known for
its ascending character from the feet up. A problem that
also occurs in advancing years is cancer and Conium is
a remedy for cancer in various regions. Its use in vertigo
has already been referred to.
AMBRA GRISEA is a remedy which I have not
seen being used as often in geriatrics as the symptoms
would suggest. In fact, in compiling the Repertory study
for the aged, I was surprised as to the large number of
rubrics in which it was appearing. It is there in the sub-
74
rubrics of old people, in the rubrics of dullness, forgetful,
vertigo, headache, asthma, cough, spasmodic cough,
emaciation. It has also gouty pain in the joints, cancerous
ulcers on the skin and premature old age. It is, therefore,
not surprising that it appears in first grade in the rubric of
remedies for old people in the section of Generalities.
In the Materia Medica, we find loathing of life,
despair, desire to be quiet, aversion to talking or
laughing, even of others (naturally the youngsters in the
family would consider him a 'joy killer'); inability to
think or fix attention on what he reads; bad memory;
great nervousness and mental weakness.
It is for vertigo in old people that are restless,
fidgety and nervous. It has nerve deafness where the
hearing decreases very rapidly. Elderly emaciated
people when abundant eructations accompany cough; it
has been found useful for asthma in delicate old people.
FLUORIC ACID is another remedy with a
reputation for helping the old in some of their symptoms.
The patient mistakes right and left, has weakness or loss
of memory and depression. Old people that have vertigo
on rising from lying, or when walking. It is an important
remedy for alopoecia. In the younger age group, I have
used it with much benefit for alopoecia areata
75

Chapter XVIII
Epilogue
I may conclude by relating a story. It says diat in
ancient times, some invaders in our country learnt that
there was a spring, drinking the water of which gave
immortality. After much search, they were guided by an
old hermit to a hidden place. On reaching there, as they
were going to drink the water, a feeble voice bade them
stop. It came from a very oid man there and when asked
the reason for his warning, he said, "look at me, I am
infirm and suffering the effects of old age, but as I have
drunk from this spring and have immortality, I cannot be
relieved of my sufferings by merciful death."
He guided them to another place where there was a
plant which had the qualities of keeping one perpetually
young. When they reached that place, they heard another
voice warning them. This was from some people who
had partaken of the plant and were now fed up with the
turbulence and the struggles of youth.
The moral is apparent that each phase of life has its
own positive and negative aspects and it is a blessing that
any one of them is not overlasting.
A similar story is related about Alexander the Greas
of having sought the well, the water of which was said to
give immortality. On reaching there, he saw ? crow
drinking the water and as it was flying off, someone shot
an arrow into it. The crow was suffering terribly from the
injury, but could not die. Seeing this, Alexander realised
his folly.
76
Whether these stories are true or not, they
effectively bring home a great moral teaching. Man must
develop a philosophy which helps him to accept with
grace the changes that occur with the passage of time, so
that as he matures in years, he may also mature in his
depths. In this way his life will be blessed with
equilibirum and equanimity and be imbued with
dynamic strength to achieve productive Harmony in his
environment. In this way he can embody Hahnemann's
idea that man's life be devoted to the "higher purposes of
his existence" and also the spiritualistic concept that the
aim of life is the realization, in its fullness, of the divine
potential which lies within every being.
I never had the wisdom of brevity and with increase
in age my faculties may have further decreased. I am,
therefore, encouraged by what Aldous Huxley writes:
"However elegant and memorable, brevity can
never, in the nature of things, do justice to all the facts of
a complex situation. On such a theme one can be brief
only by omission and simplification. Omission and
simplification help us to understand but help us, in many
cases, to understand the wrong thing; for our
comprehension may be only of the abbreviator's neatly
formulated notions, not of the vast, ramifying reality
from which these notions have been so arbitrarily ab-
stracted.
But life is short and information endless; nobody
has time for everything. In practice we are generally
forced to choose between an unduly brief exposition and
no exposition at all. Abbreviation is a necessary evil and
the abbreviator's business is to make the best of a job,
77
which, though intrinsically bad, is still better than
nothing. He must learn to simplify, but not to the point of
falsification. He must learn to concentrate upon the
essentials of a situation, but without ignoring too many
of reality's qualifying side-issues."
Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,
A
Before we too.into the Dust descend- REPERTORY STUDY
. Dust into Dust, and under Dust to lie, ON
Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and sans End! SOME OF THE IMPORTANT CONDITIONS
— Omar Khayyam. IN GERIATRICS A COMPILATION
OF RUBRICS EXCLUSIVELY

FROM
KENT'S FINAL GENERAL REPERTORY
EDITED BY DR. PIERRE SCHMIDT AND
DR. DIWAN HARISH CHAND

78
79
 MIND
1. ABSENT MINDED, old age: Am-c.
7. ANXIETY, health, about: especially during
climacteric period: Sil. 38. DULLNESS,
old people : Ambr., Bar-e. 49. FORGETFUL, old
people, of: Ambr, am-c,
bar-c, lye, ph-ac.. 56. INSANITY, climacteric
period, during : Aster., lach., puis., sep., ther.
66. MISTAKES, speaking, old age : Am-c.
67. MISTAKES, writing, in, old age : Am-c.
67. MOANING, old age, in : Bar-c.

VERTIGO 102. OLD PEOPLE, in :

Ambr, bar-c, calc-p., cupr., rhus-t., sin-n.

HEAD 120. HAIR,

baldness : Anac, apis, Bar-c, fl-ac
graph., hep., lye,phos., sep., sil., zinc 120.
HAIR, falling, menopause : Sep.
gray, becomes : Ars., graph., hipp., ka//-j,
ka'i-n., Lye, op., ph-ac, sec, sil.,
si 1-ac 137. PAIN, climaxis, during the
: Carb-v., croc,
glon.. Lach., sang., sep., ther., ust.
144. PAIN, old people, of: Ambr., am-c, iod.

EYE 235. CANCER : Aur-m-n.,

Calc, lye, Phos., sep., sil., thuj.
epithelioma: Cund., lach.

81
 EYE
236. CANCER, epithelioma, cornea, of: Hep. lids
of: Hydr., lach., pliyt., thuj.
lower: Apis,cund.,.thuj. fungus : Bell.,
Calc, lye, Phos., sep., sil., thuj.
medullaris:.Bell., Calc, lye, sil lachrymal glands: Carb-
an. 236. CATARACT : Am-c, am-m, ant-t., apis., arn.,
bar-c., bell., Calc, Calc-f., calc-p., calc-s., cann-s.,
carb-an., Caust., chel., chim., chin., colch., con.,
dig., euph., euphr., hep., \iyos., jab., kali-■iC, kali-s.,
lac-c, lye, Mag-c, mere, nat-m., nit-ac, op., phos.,
plb., psor., puis., rhus-t., ruta., sec, seneg., sep., Sil.,
spig., Sulph., tell., zinc.
senile: Carb-an., sec.
, 240. GLAUCOMA : Phos., prun., spig., sulph. 247. -
OPACITY of cornea, arcus senilis : Aeon., ars,,
cocc, coloc., kali-bi.,mere, mere-c, mosch.,
Puis., Sulph., zinc. 269.
ULCERATION, lids, malignant: Phyt.
VISION
276. DIM, old people : Bare
EAR 292. NOISES, Not specifically
mentioned for the old but Tinnitus is a frequent
problem of the aged.
HEARING
323. IMPARIED, old people : Bar-c, cic, petr.
82
NOSE
324. CANCER: Alumn., ars., Aur., aur-m., calc,
carb-ac, carb-an., cund., kreos., mere,
phyt., sep., sulph. flat, on right side: Euphr.
epithelioma; Ars., ars-i., carb-ac, cund., hydr.,
Kali-s., kreos.
325. CATARRH, old age., of: Alum., am-c, bar-c,
eup-per., kali-s., kreos., merc-i-f., pom.
326. CORYZA, aged people: Am-C.
337. EPISTAXIS, climaxis: Arg-n., Lach.,
sulph., sul-ac
337. old people: Agar., carb-v., ham.,
Sec, sul-ac.
FACE
355. CANCER: Ars ., aur, carb-an., con., kali-ar,; kali-
c, kali-i., lach., nit-ac, phos., sil., sulph., zinc,
lips: Ars., aur. aur-m., camph., carb-an., caust.,
cie, cist., clem., Con., cund., kali-chl., kali-s.,
keros., lach., lye, phos., phyt., sep., sil., sulph.
lower: Ant-chl., ars., cist., clem., con., lye,
phos., sep., sil.
pressure of pipe: Con., sep.,
epithelioma: Ars., cic, con., hydr.,
kali-ar., Kali-s., lach., lap-a.,phos.,
sep., sil.
lips: cic, con., hydr., lap-a., sep. lower: Ars., clem., mere-
i-f., phos., sep., sil. near wing of nose: Aur, nolime
tangere on nose: cist., jug-c, phyt., thuj. scirrhus: Carb-
an., sil. 362. DISCOLORATION; red, climaxis,
during: Graph, kali-bi., Lach.„lyc, Sul-ac, ter. 83
 FACE 377. HEAT; flashes, climaxis.
during : Amyl-n., graph., kali-bi., Lach., lye, psor.,
Sul-ac, ter. 96. ULCERS; lips, cancerous : Ars.,
aur-m., carb-an., clem., Con., kali-bi., lye., phos.,
phyt.
MOUTH
398. CANCER, Palate : Aur., hydr.
Tongue : Alumn, apis., ars., aur., aur-m.,
benz-ac, calc, carh-an., caust., con., crot-
h., cund., hydr., kali-chl., kali-cy., kali-i.,
lach., mur-ac, nit-ac, phos., phyt., sep., sil.,
sulph., thuj.
415. PARALYSIS, tongue : old pebple : Bare.
All. TUMORS malignant: Calc.
428. ULCERS, malignant: Ars., lach., phos.
TEETH 432. 'LOOSENESS of:
Alumn., am-c, arn., ars., aur., aur-m., aur-m-n., bar-c,
bar-m., bufo, bry., ~alc, camph., Carb-an., carb-s.,
Carb-v., Caust., cham., chel., chin., cocc, com., con.,
crot-h., dros., elaps, gels., gran., hep., Hyos., ign.,
iod., cali-bi., kali-c, kali-n., kali-p., kali-c, lach., lye,
mag-c, mag-s., Merc, Merc-c., mur-ac, naja., nat-a.,
nat-c, nat-h., nat-m., nat-p., nat-s., Nit-ac., mux-m.,
nux-v., olnd., op., ph-ac, phos., phyt., plan., plb.,
psor., puis., rhod., rhus-t., sang., sec, sep., Sil.,
spong., stann., staph., sulph., thuj., verat., Zinc.
84
433. PAIN, toothache in general: Acet-ac, Aeon.,
agar., ail., all-c, alum., ambr., am-c, am-m.,
anac, anag., ang., ant-c, ant-t., apis, aran., arg-
m., arg-n., arn., ars., ars-h., ars-i., asar., asc-t.,
aspar., aur., aur-m., bar-c, bar-m., Bell., berb.,
behz-ac, bism., bor., bov., Bry., bufo, calad.,
calc, calc-fl., calc-p., canth., carb-ac, carb-an.,
carb-s., carb-v., caust', Cham., chel., chen.,
Chin., chin-a., clem., cocc, coch., Coff., colch.,
coloc, con., cor-r., croc, cycl., dios., dros., dulc,
echi, euph.,ferr., ferr-i., ferr-p.,yZ-ac, Glon.,
graph., grat., guaj., guare., hell., Hep., hyos.,
hyper., ign., iod., ip., kali-c, kali-i., kali-n., kali-
p., kali-s., kalm., kreos., Lach., laur., led., lob.,
lye, mag-c, mag-m., mag-p., mag-s., mag-arct.,
mag-aust., mang., Merc, merc-c, merl., mez.,
mur-ac, nat-a., Nat-c, nat-m., nat-p., nat-s.,
nice, nit-ac, nux-m., hux-v., olnd., par., petr.,
ph-ac, phos., phyt., plat., plan., plb., prun.,
puis., ran-s., raph., rat., rheum, Rhod., rhus-t.,
ruta, sabad., sars., sel., seneg., Sep., sil., spig.,
spong., squil., Staph., stront., stry., sulph., sul-
ac, tab., tarax., tarent., teucr., ther., thuj.,
valer., verat., verb., vine, Zinc. Subrubrics of
Toothache p. 433-446.
THROAT-INTERNAL 448.
CANCEROUS : Carb-an., led., tarent.
467. SPASMS, Oesophagus : old people.can only
swallow liquids : Bar-c.
85
 STOMACH
482. CANCER:
Acet-ac, Ars., ars-i, bar-c, bell., Bism., cadm.,
caps., Carb-ac, Carb-an., carb-v., Con.,
crot-h., Cund., hydr., iris., krcos., lach., Lye,
merc-c, mez., nux-v., Phos., plat:, sep., sil.,
staph., sulph.
488. EMPTINESS; climacteric period : Crot-h.,
lach., tab
503. INDIGESTION, old people : Chin-s.
ABDOMEN 548.
FLATULENCE, aged people : Carb-ac.
phos.
RECTUM
606. CANCER : Alum, nit-ac, rata, sep.,
607. CONSTIPATION;
alternating with diarrhoea; aged people, in: Ant-c,
bry., nux-v., op.,pJios.
608. CONSTIPATION, old people : Aloe, alum.,
alumn, ant-c, bar-c bry., calc-p., con., lach., nux-v., op.,
phos., phyt., rhus-t., rata, sulph., 610. DIARRHOEA,
aged people : Ant-c, Ars., ars-i., carb-v., coil, con., fl-ac,
Gamb., iod., kreos., rm-s., Nit-ac, nux-v., op., phos., sec,
sulph.
prematurely, with syphilitic mercurial dyscrasia:
Fl-ac. women :
Kreos., nat-s.,
86
RECTUM
611. DIARRHOEA, climaxis, during: Lach., sulph.
URINARY ORGANS
BLADDER
645. CATARRH, old people, in : Alumn., carb-v.,
sulph., tereb.
650. PARALYSIS, old people, in : Ars., cann-s.,
cic, con., equis,, gels., kali-p.,
sec, thuj.
651. RETENTION, enlarged prostate, from:
Apis, bell., benz-ac, cact., canth., chim., con.,
Dig., ferr., hyos., kali-i., merc-d., pareir.,
puis., sep., Staph., stram. 651. RETENTION,
old men: Sol-v. 654. URGING, ineffectual, old
women: Cop. 656. URINATION, dribbling;
enlarged prostate, with: Aloe, arn., bar-c, bell., cop.,
dig.,
mur-ac, nux-v., pareir., petr., puis.,
sabad., sel., sep., staph. 658.
URINATION, frequent; old people: Bar-c. 660.
URINATION, involuntary; old people, in:
All-c, aloe, apis, ars., aur-m., cann-s.,
cic, gels., iod., kali-p., phos., sec, thuj.
PROSTATE GLAND
667. ENLARGEMENT, senile: Aloe, Bar-c,
benz-ac, con., Dig., iod., nux-v.,
sabal., Sel., staph., sulph.
%
668. PAIN; cancer, in: Crot-h.
87
 URETHRA 674. PAIN; burning in
female urethra during climaxis: Berb.
URINE
692. SUGAR : Acet-ac, all-s., alumn., am-c,
amyl-n., arg-m., ars., benz-ac, Bov., calc,
calc-p., camph., carb-ac, carb-v., chel., chin.,
chin-a., coff., colch., conv., cupr., cur., claps,
ferr-m., Helon., hep,, iris., kali-chl., kali-n.,
kali-p., kreos., lac-d., lack., lac-ac, lee, lith.,
Lye, Lye, lycps., lyss., mag-s., med., mosch.,
morph., nat-s., nit-ac, op., petr., Ph-ac,
Phos. pic-ac.„plb., podo., sil., sulph., sul-ac,
Tarent., Ten, thuj., Uran., zinc.
GENITALIA—MALE
693. CANCER: Ars., bell., carb-an., Con., phos.,
phyt., sit, spong., thuj. Scrotum
(epithelioma): Carb- an., ph-ac,
scirrhus: Carb-an.
Testes: Spong
695. ERECTIONS; frequent; old man, in an : Caust.
incomplete : Agar., Agn., arg-n., ars., ars-i.,
bar-c, calad., calc, comph., caust., Qhin-a.,
cob., coc-c, Con., ferr-p., form., Graph.,
hep., ign., iod., kali-ar., kali-i., lach., lyss
Lye, mang., mere, merc-cy., mur-ae, nat-a.,
nat-c, nat-m., nat-p., nuph., nux-m., nux-v.,
petr., ph-ac, phos., rhod., sars., sel., Sep.,
Sulph., tarent., ther. 88
GENITALIA - MALE
696. ERECTIONS
wanting : (impotency): Agar., Agn., alum.,
am-c, ant-c, arg-m., arg-n., ars., ars-i.,
aur., aur-s., Bar-e, bor., bufo., Calad.,
Calc, Calc-s., camph., cann-s., caps., carb-
s., caust., Chin., chin-s., cob., coc-c,
coch., coff., coloc, Con., Corn., crot-t.,
dig., dios., dulc, elaps., eug.,/err., ferr-i.,
fl-ac, gels., graph., ham., hell., helon.,
hyos., ign., iod., kali-br., kali-c, kali-p.,
kali-s., kreos., lach. lee., Lye, mag-c,
Med., mere, mosch., mur-ac, nat-c, nat-
m., nat-p., nit-ac, nuph., nux-m., Nux-v.,-
onos., op., ph-ac, Phos., phyt., plb., psor.,
puis., rhod., sabad., Sel., Sep., sil., spong.,
stann., staph., stram., Sulph., sumb., tab.,
teucr., ther., thuj., tus-p., uran., ust.
699. INDURATION; penis ; in an old man : Berb.
710. SEMINAL emissions; frequent; in an old
man : Bar-c, caust., nat-c.
711. SEXUAL PASSION increased ; old man, in
an : Fl-ac, staph., sulph.
GENITALIA-FEMALE 715. ATROPHY,
ovaries : Apis, bar-m., carb-s., con., helon., Iod., plb.
715. CANCER of ovaries : Ars., con., graph.,
kreos., lach., psor.
89
 GENITALIA-FEMALE
715 CANCER;
Uterus : Alum., alumn., anan., apis, arg-m.,
arg-n., Ars., Ars-i., aur., aur-m-n.,
brom., bufo., catc, carb-dn., carb-s.,
carb-v.,chin., cic, clem. Con., crot-h.,
cund., elaps., Graph., Hydr., iod., kali-
ar., Kreos., Lach., lap-a., Lye, mag-m.,
mere, merc-if., Murx., nat-c, nat-m.,
nit-ac, Phos., phyt., plat., rhus-t.,
sabin., sang., sec, Sep., Sil., staph.,
sulph., tarent., Thuj., zinc.
Vagina: Kreos.
717. DESIRE, increased, old women : Mosch.
718. EXCORIATION , aged women : Merc.
724. MENOPAUSE : Agar., aloe., apis., arg-n.,
bry., bar-c, calc, chin, cimic, cocc, coff.,
con., roc, Crot-c, crot-h., cycl, gels., glon.,
Graph., helon., hydr., ign., kali-bi., Lach.,
Mang., mosch., nit-ac, murx., phos., Psor.,
puis., sang., sei, Sep., Sulph., sul-ac, tab.,
ten, ther., ust., verat., xan.
725. MENSES; copious;
aged women : Lach., plat.
menopause, durine : Bov., cimic, croc,
helon., lach., laur.,<nux-v., plb., sabin.,
sec, sep., ust.
90
GENITALIA-FEMALE
727. MENSES; painful; climaxis, near : Psor
728. MENSES; return after having ceased, the periods,
old women, in an : Calc, lach. mag-
c, mag-m., plat., sep., staph.
729. METRORRHAGIA;
aged women, in : Calc, cham., hydr.,
ign., lach., mang., mere, phos.,
sep.
LARYNX AND TRACHEA
746 CANCER y larynx : Ars., nit-ac, phos., sang., thuj.
746 CATARRH, old people, in : Ammc, ant-t., ars.,
Bar-c, hydr., Seneg.
RESPIRATION
765 ASTHMATIC, old people, in : Ambr., Ars.,
bar-c, carb-v., con., phel., sulph.
771. DIFFICULT, old people : Bar-c, chin., seneg.
775. RATTLING old people : Ammc, bar-c, Hippoz.,
kali-bi., lye, seneg.
COUGH
798. OLD people : Alum., alumn., ambr., ammc,
am-c, ant-c, ant-t., bar-c, camph., con., hydr., hyos.,
ip., kreos., psor., seneg. morning, chronic : Alumn.
night: Hyos. winter: Kreos., psor 801. RATTLING,
old people Ammc, Hippoz., kali-bi., seneg. .805.
SPASMODIC, aged people :Ambr.,ip. 811.
WINTER, old people.: Am-c, kreos.
91

EXPECTORATION 814 COPIOUS, old
people : Ammc, ant-t. ars., Bar-c
815. DIFFICULT, aged people : Ammc.
817. MUCOUS, aged people : Ammc.
CHEST
822. ANGINA pectoris : Acet-ac, aeon., Am-c, aml-m.,
anac, ang., Apis., Arg-n., Arn., Ars., Aur., Aur-
m., Cact., caust., cliel., Chin-a., chins, chr-ac,
cimic., coca, cupr., cupr-ar., dig., dios., hep.,
ip., jug-c, kali-c, kali-p., kalm., lack, lact., Lat-
m., laur., lye. mag-p., mosch., Naja., nwc-v..
Ox-ac, petr.; Phos., Phyt., Rhust-t., samb., sep.,
Spig., Spong., stram., tab., tarent., ther., verat.
824. CANCER, axilla : Aster.
Clavicles, funges haematodes : Sep.
Mammae : Alumn., apis., arg-n., arn., ars., ars-i.,
as-ter., aur-a., aur-m-n., bad., bell., bell-p.,
brom., bry., Bufo, calc, carb-ac, carb-an., carb-
s., carb-v., caust., cham., chim., cist., clem.,
coloc, Con., cund., feir-i., Graph., hep., hydr.,
kali-c, kreos., lach., lye, Merc, merc-i.f., nit-ac,
ol-ar... ox-ac, phos., phyt., psor., puis., sang.,
sep., Sil, sulph., thuj., tub. nightly pains : Aster
cicatrices, in old : Graph.
contusion, from : Dell-p., con.
92
CHEST
824. CANCER; Mammas'
epithelionla : Arg-n., ars., ars-i., brom., Bufo.,
calc, calc-p., clem., Con.fiydr., kreos., lach.,
mere, merc-i-f., phos., phyt., sep., sil., sulph.,
thuj. 824- CATARRH, alternating with
diarrhoea, old people : Ammc, ant-t., Bar-c,
chin., nat-s., phel., Seneg., tub.
825. CONGESTION, climaxis, at; Arg-n., Lach.
829. EMPHYSEMA : Am-c, Ant-a., Ant-t., ars., bell.,
brom., camph., carb-s,, carb-v., chlor., cupr.,
cur., dig., dros., Hep., ip., lac-d., Lach., Lob.,
mere., nat-m., nit-ac, op., phel., phos., sars.
seneg., sep., sulph., ter.
835. INFLAMMATION Jbronchial tubes (bronchitis)
aged people : Am-c, camph., ca^b-v,
dros., Hippoz., hydr., lye, nux-v.
836. Lungs; aged persons : Bry., dig., ferr-.,
hyos., nat-s., nit-ac, nux-v., op., seneg. Pleura :
old people : Nit-ac 846. PAIN ; mammae;
under,
left: climacteric, during : Cimic. 874.
PALPITATION; heart; climacteric period:
Crot-h. Lach., tab. 879. PHTHISIS
pulmonalis; old people : Nat-s.
BACK 949.
TUMORS, malignant: Calc-p.
93
 EXTREMITIES
952. ARTHRITIC nodosities : Abrot, agn, ante, Apis,
am., aur., Benz-ac, bry., Calc, Calc-f., calc-p.,
calc-s., carb-an., caust., cic, clem., colch., dig.,
elaps., fago., form., graph., guaj., hep., iod.,
kali-i, kali-s., Led., Lith., Lye, mang., meny.,
mere., nat-m., nux- v., p\b., puis., ran-b., rhod.,
rhus-t., sabin., 5/7., staph., sulph., sul-ac, urt-u.
959. COLDNESS; hand ; old people : Bar-c.
1009, GANGRENE ; Toes; senile : Carb-an., carb-v.,
cupr., ph-ac, Sec.
1047. PAIN; joints, gouty; Abrot., agar., Agn., alum.,
ambr., am-c, am-m., anac, anag., ant-c, apis.,
Arg-m,Arn., ars., ars-h., ars-L, asaf., asar.,
aur., bapt., bar-c.,,Bell benz-ac, bism., bor.,
bov., Bry., bufo., Calc, Calc-p., Calc-S.,
canth., carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., Caust, cham.,
chel., chim., chin., chin-a., cinnb., cocc,
Colch., coloc, dros., dulc, eup-per., jerr., ferr-
ar., ferr-i., krc-p.,form ., graph., guaj., hell.,
hep., hyos., ign., iod., kali-ar., Kali-c, kali-i.,
kali-n., kali-p., kalm., laur., Led., Lye, Mag-c,
mag-m., mang., meny., Merc, mez. nat-a., nat-
c, nat-m., nat-p., nat-s., nit-ac, nux-m., Nux-v.,
ol-j., petr., ph-ac, phos., phyt., plb., Psor.,
puis., ran-b., ran-s., rhod., Rhus-t. ruta. Sabin.,
sal-ac., samb., sang., sars., sec, Sep., 5/7.,
spig., Spong., squil., stann., Staph., strain.,
stront., Sulph., sul-ac, tarax., thuj., valler.,
verat., verb., viol-o., viol-t., zinc.
94
EXTREMITIES
1097. PAIN; burning; foot; climacteric : Sang.
1176. PARALYSIS (also see p. 1390); apoplexy, after:
Alum., anac, apis., bar-c, cadm., caust., cocc,
crot-c, crot-h., cupr., gels., Lach., laur.,
nux-v., Op., phos., plb., sec, stann., stram.,
zinc.
hemiplegia : Aeon., alum., anac, apis, arg-n.,
ars., bapt., bar-m., both., cadm., Caust.,
cocc, coc-c, cop., elaps, graph., hyos., kali-c
kali-i., kali-p., lach., mur-ac, nat-c, ph-ac,
phos., plb., Rhus-t., sars., stann., staph.,
stront., sul-ac, tab . thuj.
old people : Bur-c, con., kali-c
1220. ULCERS ; varicose : Merc-c
1221. ULCERS; lower limbs;
varicose : Aesc, carb-v., card-m.,
graph., ham., hydr-ac, kali-s.,
nat-m., syph.
SLEEP 1254.
SLEEPLESSNESS, old people : Bar-c
FEVER
1288. INTERMITTMENT old
people, with coma : Alum., nux-m. op.
SKIN
1306. DISCOLORATION;
dark spots in old people : Ars., aur., bar-c,
carb-an, con., lach., lye, op., sec
1307. SPOTS;
death spots in old people : Ars., aur., bar-c,
con., lach., lye, op., sec
95
 SKIN
1323. ERYSIPELAS , old people : Ani-c.
1325. GANGRENE, senile : Carb-v., Sec.
1328. ITCHING, old people : Mez. 1330.
PURPURA haemorrhagica
senilis : Ars., bar-C, bry., con., lack., op., rhus-t., Sec, sul-
ac. 1334. ULCERS ; cancerous : Ambr., anthr., ant-c,
apis., Ars., ars-i., aur., bell., Bufo., calc, calc-s., carb-ac,
carbon., carb-s., carb-v., caust., chel., clem., con., crot-c,
cund., dulc, graph., Hep., hippoz., hydr., kali-ar., kali-c,
kali-i., kreos., lack., Lye, lyss., mang., mere, mur-ac, nit-
ac, petr., ph-ac, phos., phyt., rhus-t., rumx., sars., sep.,
Sil., spong., squil., staph., Sulph., thuj.
1337. ULCERS; sarcomatous : Ant-c, apis., ars., Hep.,
kreos. mere, Nit-ac, phos., sabin., Sulph., thuj,
GENERALITIES
1345. ATHEROMA (see TUMORS - p. 1409)
1346. CANCEROUS affections : Acet-ac, alum., alumn.,
apis., ambr., Ars., ars-i., aster., aur., aur-m.,
bism., Brom., bufo., cadm., calc, calc-s., carb-
ac, Carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., caust., cist., clem.,
Con., cupr., dulc, graph., hep., hydr., kali-ar.,
kali-bi., kalis., kreos.. lack, lap-a., Lye, mere,
merc-i-f., nat-m., Nit-ac, ph-ac, Phos., Phyt.,
sep., Sil., sulph., sul-ac, thuj., zinc. 96
GENERALITIES
1346 CANCEROUS affections:
encephaloma : Acet-ac, ars.. ars-i.. calc, carb-
ac, carb-an., caust., kali-i., keros, lach., nit-
ac, Phos., sil., sulph., thuj.
epithelioma : Acet-ac, arg-m., arg-n., ars., Ars-i., aur.,
bell., brom., calc, calc-p., clem., Con., hydr., kali-s.,
kreos., Lye, mere, phos., phyt., ran-b., sep., sil., sulph.,
thuj. glands : Aur-m., Carb-an., Con. melanotic; Arg-n.,
card-m., lach., ph-ac. scirrhus : Alum., arg-m., ars.,
aster., calc-s., Carb-an., carb-s., carb-v., Con., graph.,
hydr., lap-a., phos., phyt., sep., Sil, staph., sulph. 1352.
CONVULSIONS; apoplectic : Bell., crot-h.,
cupr., lach., nux-v., stram. 1352. cerebral
softening : Caust. 1358. EMACIATION; old people :
Ambr., Bar-e,
lod., Lye., sec, sel. 1376. OBESITY ; old people :
Kali-c. 1376. OLD age, premature : Agn., ambr.,
bar-c, bufo., kali-c, lye, Sel. •people : Aeon., agar.,
aloe.,'alumn., Ambr., am-c, ammc, anac, ant-c, ant-
Wars., Aur., Bar-c., bry., catc-p., camph., carb-an.,
carb-v., caust., cic, Coca, colch., con.,fl-ac, iod.,
Kali-e, Lye, nat-m, nit-ac, Op., sabad., See, Sel.,
stneg., sulph., sul-ac, te.ucr.
97
 GENERALITIES GENERALITIES

1390. PARALYSIS agitans : Bar-c, bufo, gels., 1402. SLOW repair of broken bones : Asaf, Calc, Calc-
helo., hyos., kali-br., mag-p., Merc, phos., p., ferr., lye, mere, mez., nit-ae, ph-ac, phos.,
plb., Rhus-t., tab., tarent., Zinc. puis., ruta., sep., sil., staph sulph., symph.
one-sided (also see p. 1176): Aeon., agar., 1409. TUMORS, atheroma : Bar-c
alum., apis., am-m., anac, arg-m., arg-n., 1410. ULCERS, cancerous : Arn., Ars., ars-i.,aur.,
arn., asar., bapt., bar-c, bar-m., bell., bov., bell., Bufo., calc, carb-an., carb-v., caust., clem., Con.,
cadm., calc, carb-s., carb-v., caust., chel., cupr., dulc, hep., kali-c, kreos., lye, mere, merc-i-f., nit-
chin., co'cc, coc-c, colch., cop., cycl., dig., ac, ph-ac, phos., rhus-t., sep., sil., squil., Sulph., sul-ac,
dulc, elaps., graph., ,guaj., hell., hep., zinc. 1410. VARICOSE veins: Alumn.Kambr., ant-t.,
hyos., ign., kali-c, kali-i., kali-p., lach., Arn., arg-n., ars., asaf., bell., berb., Calc, calefy calc-p.,
laur., led., lye, mere, mez., mur-ac, nat-c, carb-an., Carb-v., caust., clem., coloc, trot-h.,ferr., ferr-
nat-m., nit-ac, nux-v., olnd., op., ox-ac., ar., Fl-ac, graph., Ham., hep., kreos., lach., lye, Lycps.,
petr., ph-ac, phos., plb., podo., rhod., rhus- mag-c, mill., nat-m., nux-v., peon., plb., Puis., sabin.,
t., sabin., sars., sep., spig., stann., staph., sep., sil., spig., sulph., sul-ac, thuj., vip., zinc. 1418.
stram., stront., sul-ac, syph., tarax., thuj., WEAKNESS, old people : Ambr., aur., Bar-c, con., cur.,
zinc. nux-m., op., phos., sec, sel., sul-ac
right: Apis, arn., bell., calc, canih.,
Caust. cotcn., crot-h., elaps.,
graph., kali-i., nat-c, op., rhus-t.,
sil., stront. left: Anac. apis., arg-n., am.,
ars., bapt., bar-m., bell., brom., cocc,
elaps., gels., hydr-ac, Lach., nit-ac, Nux-
v., ox-ac, petr., podo., Rhus-t.- stann.-,
stram., sulph.
apoplexy, after: Anac, arn., bar-c, bell.,
con., lach., laur., nux-v., Phos,,
.tann.,stram., zinc.

98 99
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106