Difference quotient

f (x)−f (a)
Q =
x−a

Difference quotient with increment h

f (a+h)−f (a) f (a+h)−f (a)
Q = =
a+h−a h

Slope of tangent line

f (x)−f (a)
m tan = lim
x−a
x→a

f (a+h)−f (a)
m tan = lim
h
h→0

Derivative of f (x) at a
f (x)−f (a)
′
f (a) = lim
x−a
x→a

f (a+h)−f (a)
′
f (a) = lim
h
h→0

Average velocity
s(t)−s(a)
vave =
t−a

Instantaneous velocity
s(t)−s(a)
′
v (a) = s (a) = lim
t−a
t→a

The derivative function

f (x+h)−f (x)
′
f (x) = lim
h
h→0

Derivative of sine function

d
(sin x) = cos x
dx

Derivative of cosine function

d
(cos x) = −sin x
dx

Derivative of tangent function

d 2
(tan x) = sec x
dx

Derivative of cotangent function

d 2
(cot x) = −csc x
dx

Derivative of secant function

d
(sec x) = sec x tan x
dx

Derivative of cosecant function

d
(csc x) = −csc x cot x
dx

The chain rule

′ ′ ′
h (x) = f (g (x)) g (x)

The power rule for functions

′ n−1 ′
h (x) = n(g (x)) g (x)

Inverse function theorem

′
whenever f ′ and f (x) is differentiable.
−1 1 −1
(f ) (x) = ′ −1
(f (x)) ≠ 0
f (f (x))

Power rule with rational exponents

d m/n m (m/n)−1
(x ) = x .
dx n

Derivative of inverse sine function

d −1 1
sin x =
dx 2
√1−(x)
Derivative of inverse cosine function
d −1 −1
cos x =
dx 2
√1−(x)

Derivative of inverse tangent function

d −1 1
tan x = 2
dx
1+(x)

Derivative of inverse cotangent function

d −1 −1
cot x =
dx 2
1+(x)

Derivative of inverse secant function

d −1 1
sec x =
dx 2
|x|√(x) −1

Derivative of inverse cosecant function

d −1 −1
csc x =
dx 2
|x|√(x) −1

Derivative of the natural exponential function

d g(x) g(x) ′
(e ) = e g (x)
dx

Derivative of the natural logarithmic function

d 1 ′
(ln g (x)) = g (x)
dx g(x)

Derivative of the general exponential function

d g(x) g(x) ′
(b ) = b g (x) ln b
dx

Derivative of the general logarithmic function

′
g (x)
d
(logb g (x)) =
dx g(x) ln b