UNIT - 1 Atomic Structure and chemical bonding

• Dual nature of matter and radiation,

• De-broglie relation, Uncertainty principle
• Wave mechanical treatment of hydrogen atom (elementary)
• Wave functions and quantum numbers.
• Atomic orbitals and their shapes, spin quantum number, electronic
configuration and atoms, molecular orbital method (Homonuclear diatomic
molecules only)
• Concept of bond order, metallic bond (simple qualitative treatment w.r.t. bond
theory)
• Hybridisation involving s,p and d-orbitals, intermolecular forces.

UNIT - 2 The solid state :

• Space lattie, unit cells, cubic crystal system, close packing structure in crystal,
x-rays studies of crystals, structure of simple ionic compounds (Mx and Mx 2
type only)
• Imperfaction in solid substances, properties of solids (electrical, magnetic and
dielectric) Amorphous solids (elementary idea only)

UNIT - 3 Solution

• Units of concentration, solubility of gases, solubility of solids, vapour pressure

of a solution, colligative properties - Relative lowering of vapour pressure,
elevation of boiling point, depression in freezing point and osmotic pressure.
• Methods of determination of molecular mass. Abnormal molecular mass.

UNIT - 4 Thermodynamics

• First law (brief), second law of thermodynamies, Entropy (criterion of

spontaneous and non-spontaneous process), Gibb's free energy (law of
spontaniety). standard entropies and free energy of formation. Free energy
change and chemical equilibrium. Free energy change and - non-mechanical
work. Third law of thermodynamies (brief).

UNIT - 5 Electrochemistry

• Electrolytic and galvanic cell, electrolysis and its laws. Electronic conduction -
conductance, conductivity, Molar conductivity, kolharausch's law and its
application. Galvanic cells m Electrode potential, electromotive force, Nernst's
equation, electrode potential and electrolysis. Primary and secondary cells
including fuel cells. Corrosion and its prevention (stop). Commercial
production of chemicals m examples only. manufacture of NaOH, Na, Al, Cl2
and F2.

UNIT - 6 Chemical Kinetics : ,

• Average and instantaneous rate of a reaction. Rate expression and order of a

reaction. Integrated rate expressions of zero and first order reactions and their,
 derivations.

• Half life period, determination of rate constant/order of reaction (graphical

method and ostwald isolation method)

Temperature dependence of rate constant - Arrhenius equation. Activation energy.

Mechanism of reaction - elementary and complex reactions. Reactions involving two-
three steps only.

UNIT - 7 Surgace chemistry

• Adsorption - physical and chemical adsorption.

• Factors affecting adsorption - effect of pressure (Freundlich and lungmuir
isotherm) and effect of temperature (qualitative only).
• Catalysis - enzymes, zeolites, colloids.
• Distinction between true solution, colloids and suspensions.
• Classificatin based on dripersion medium and dispersed phase. Types of
colloids - Lyophillic and lyophobc. Multimolecular, Macromolecular and
associated colloids (miscelles). Methods of preparation of colloids and their
properties.
• Emulsions - Types of emulsions oil/water and water/oil emulsifiers.

UNIT - 8 Group elements

• Group 13 elements : Introduction, occurrence and uses. Atomic and physical

properties. oxidation state. Trends in chemical reactivity.
• Aluminium : Extraction from bauxite. Reactions of aluminium with acid and
alkali.
• Group 14 elements : Introduction, occurrence and uses.. Atomic and physical
properties. Oxidation state. Trends in chemical reactivity.
Forms of silicaes : uses and structures, silicates (preliminary treatment).
Silicones : structures and uses. Tin and lead : extraction, halides and oxides
(preparation, properties and uses)
• Group 15 elements Introduction, occurrence and uses. Atomic and physical
properties, oxidation states. Trends in chemical reactivity. Hydrides, oxides
and halides. Production of phosphorous - allotropes. phosphine : Preparation
and structure. Pcl3, Pcl5, P4010 and oxy acids of phosphorous (structure only)
• Group 16 elements Introduction, occurrence and uses. Atomic and physical
properties. Oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity. Some important
compounds : oxides, oxy acids, Hydrides and halides (Structure and
properties) Sulphur : Production, allotropes, Oxides, Sulphuric acid -
manufacture and uses.
• Group 17 elements : Introduction, occurrence and uses. Atomic and physical
properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity. Hydrides, oxides and
oxy acids of chlorine.
Bleaching powder - preparation and properties. Inter halogen compounds -
types, formulae and shapes (Ax, Ax3, Ax5, Ax7 )
• Group 18 elements Introduction, isolation and uses. Atomic and physical
properties.
 compounds of xenon-xenon fluorides, oxides and oxy acids (preparation,
structure and reaction with water)

UNIT - 9 d- and f-block elements

• d-block elements : Electronic configuration and characteristics of transition

elements. General trends in the chemistry of first row transition elements
(Metallic character, IE, electrode potential, oxidation state, ionic radi, catalytic
properties, coloured ions, formation of complexes, magnetic properties (Fe,
Co, Ni), Interstitial compounds, alloy formation.
• Occurrence and principles of extraction : Fe, Cu, Ag, Zn and Hg steel and
some important alloys.
• Compounds : Preparation and properties of CuSO4, AgNO3, silver and
mercury halides, K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
• Photography : Chemistry of developing, fixing and printing.
• f-block elements : Lanthan ides- i ntrod uction , oxidation state, chemical
reactivity, Lanthanide contraction and uses.
• Actinides : Introduction, electronic configuration, brief comparison with
lanthanides.

UNIT - 10 Coordination compounds

• Coordination Compound's introduction, ligands and coordination number.

IUPAC nomenclature and formula (quantitative idea only)
• Idea of stability of coordination compounds. (idea of stability constant of
coordination compounds)

Importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals

and biological systems (chloropyull, vitamin B12 and haemoglobin)

Standard 12 Chemistry (Theoretical & Practical)

UNIT - 11 Nuclear Chemistry

• Natural and artificial radioactivity, nuclear reactions, artificial transmutation

of elements.
Nuclear energy-Nuclear fission and fusion, Nuclear reactors, Radioactive
isotopes and their uses. Half life period, radiochernical dating, synthetic
elements including transactinides. (elementary idea only)

UNIT - 12 Stereo chemistry :

• Isomerism and recapitulation of geometrical isomerism and confirmations.

• Optical activity use of polarimeter in determination the principle, specific
rotation.
• Chirality : Chiral objects
asymmetric carbon, compounds containing one chiral centre. enantiomers, D-
 L and R-S nomenclature, recemic mixture, recernisation. compounds
containing two chiral centres. Diastereoisomers, mesoform, resolution,
importance of stereochemistry.

UNIT - 13 Organic compounds with functional groups containing oxygen :

• Alcohols and phenols : Electronic structure of functional groups,

nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical
reactions - mechanism of dehydration of alcohols, acidity of phenol, reactivity
of phenol in electrophillic substitution.
• Ethers : electronic structure of functional group, nomenclature, important
methods of preparation. Physical properties, chemical reactions. Some
industrially important compounds.

UNIT - 14 Organic compounds with functional groups containing oxygen :

• Aldehydes and ketones : Electronic structure of carbonyl group,

Nomenclature, important methods of preparation, physical properties,
chemical reactions - reactivity of aldehyde and ketonic groups, acidity of a-
hydrogen, aldol condensation, cross aldol condensation, cannizzarro reaction,
Mechanism of nucleophillic addition reaction with C=O group.
• Carboxylic acid : Elecronic structure of carbory group, nomenclature,
important methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions,
effect of substitution on (x-carbon based on acetic reactivity. Mechanism of
esterification.
• Derivative of carboxylic acid : Electronic structure of acid chloride, acid
anhydride, ester and amide groups, nomenclature, important methods of
preparation, comparative reactivity of derivatives, some industrially important
compounds.

UNIT - 15 Organic compounds with functional group containing nitrogen :

• Nitro compounds : Electronic structure of nitro group, nomenclature,

important method of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions.
• Amine compounds : Electronic structure of primary, secondary and tertiary
amine group, nomenclature, important method of preparation, physical
properties, basic character of amine, chemical reactions, separation of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines.
• Diazoniurn salt Preparation and chemical reactions of benzene diazonium
chloride, importance of diazonium salt in sythetic organic chemistry.
• Cyanide and isocyanide compounds : electronic structure of cyanide and
isocyanide group, nomenclature, preparation, physical properaties and
chemical reactions, some imdustrially important compounds.

UNIT - 16 Polymers

• Classification of polymers, General method of polymerization addition and

condesnation, free radical, cationic and aniionic polymerisation,
copolymerisation, natural rubber, vulcanization of rubber, synthetic rubbers.
(examples of monomer only) condensation polymer, molecular mass of
 polymers (highlightening level of complexity only), Bio polymers, and
biodegradable polymers, some industrially important polymers.
UNIT - 17 Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates : classification, monosacharides, structures of pentoses and

hexoses. anomeric carbon, mutarotation, simple chemical reactions of glucose,
disaccharides : reducing and non reducing sugars-sucrose, maltose and lactose,
polysaccharides : elementary idea of structures of starch and cellulose.
• Proteins : a-amino Acids : peptide bond, polypeptides, primary structure of
protein, simple idea of secondary and tertiary structures of protein,
denaturation of proteins and enzymes.
• Nucleic acids : Types of nucleic acid, primary building blocks of nucleic acids
(simple chemical composition of DNA and RNA). Primary structure of DNA
and its double helix, replication, transcription and protein synthesis.
• Lipids : Classification, structure, functions in biosystems.
• Hormones : Classification, Structure and functions in biosystems.
• Vitamins : Classification, functions of vitamins in biosynthesis.

UNIT - 18 Chemistry in every day life

• Chemicals in medicine and health-care

Analgesics, Tranquilisers, qutiseptics, disinfectants, anti- microbials , anti-
fertilility drugs, antihistamines, antibiotics, antacids (chemical name only)
• Dyes Classification with examples - indigo, methyl orange, aniline yellow,
alizarine, malachite green.
• Chemicals in cosmetics Creams, perfumes, talcum powder, deodorants.
(chemical neames only)
• Advanced substanes : Carbon fibres, ceramics, micro alloys
• Chemicals in food : preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, antioxidants,
and edible collours (chemical names only)
• Detergents : Classification - some important examples.
• Insect repellants : Pheromones, sex attractants.
• Rocket propellents : Characteristics, useful chemicals.

PRACTICALS
Semester - III

• Preparation of any one of following double salt and its crystallization.

Ferrous ammonium sulphate or Porash alum.
• This is to be included in theoretical text book.
• This is to be included in theoretical text book.
• The effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between
sodium thiosulphate and iodine solution. (volumetric method)
• This is to be included in theoretical text book.
• This is to be included in theoretical text book.
• The determination of concentration in terms of normality, molarity and
grams/litre of KMnO4/K2CrO7 solutions by using solution of standard
normality of oxalic acid / Potassium Oxalate / Ferrous ammonium sulphate.
 • This is to be included in theoretical text book.

Semester IV

• Inorganic Qualitative analysis

Detection of positive ion and negative ion in aqueous solution of soluble
unknown inorgane solute.
-Positive ions
Pb2+, Cu2, Sn2, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, K+, Na+
Negative ions :
CL-, CO3 2-, Br-, L-, PO4 2-, Cr2O7 2-, SO4 2-, NO3 -
• This should be included in theoretical text book.
• To detect unknow organic substance.
- Substance containing the groups - Carboxyl, phenolic, Aldehyde, ketone,
ester, Alcohol, Amine, Amide, Nitro, Hydrocarbon containing halogen,
unsaturated hydro carbon and aromatic hydrocarbon.
• Preparation of any one orgonic substance of following. Acetanilide, lodoform
or 2A6 - Tribromoauiline or 2,4,6 - Tribromophenol.
• It should be included in theoretical text book.

• It should be included in theoretical text book.

Note of practical syllabus
Looking to the limitations of basic amenrities of the laboratory scientifically in the
entire Gujarat as well as the number of students of entire Gujarat, certain
. experiments in chemistry can not,be performed independently. Hence, it is most
essential to include such experiments in the theoretical text book in concerned
units, of practical syllabus of NCERT.
It is most essential to include special knowledge obtained from such experiments in
. the text book in concerned units so that the students of Gujarat - can get advantage
to appear at the different entrance test.
It is most essential for the students to do elementary calculations from the recorded
.
observations during the experiments before leaving the laboratory.
It is essential to include the use of other units excluding practical observations in
.
the form of examples in the theoretical text book in concerned units.