INSTITUTO POLITECNICO NACIONAL

ESIA
TECAMACHALCO

Estructuras reticulares

PROFESOR
Rosas López Roberto

Ejercicio #1
3er deptal.

ALUMNO
Álvarez Ubaldo Raúl Adrián

GRUPO: 5AV3
 Resolver el marco rígido siguiente por él método de “Ritter”.
Calculando los momentos flexionantes y sus esfuerzos cortantes con sus respectivos
diagramas, dadas las secciones de trabes de 25 cm por 60 cm, y la de las columnas de
35 cm por 35 cm, para calcular momentos de inercia y rigideces de cada una de las
piezas y los factores de distribución, indicando las operaciones matemáticas y sus
unidades, utilizando concreto f´c = 250 kg/cm2 y acero de refuerzo fy = 4200 kg/cm2.
Finalmente calcular y diseñar la trabe de azotea con su armado y estribos

4 ° Factor de distribución
● DISEÑO
5.77
1 ° Pre-dimensionamiento → Fd A 2 = = 0.64
5.77 + 3.28
Trabe Columna
2.34
↓ Fd A 2 = = 0.36
60 cm x 25 cm 35 cm x 35 cm 5.77 + 3.28

2 ° Momento de inercia 5.77

← Fd B 2 = = 0.64
5.77 + 3.28
bh³ (  2.5  )   (  6  ) ³
IT = = = 45 3.13
12 12 ↓ Fd B 2 = = 0.36
dm⁴ 5.77 + 3.28

b ⁴ (  3.5  ) ⁴ 5.77
I Ca = → Fd A 1 = = 0.51
=
12 12
= 12.50 5.77 + 2.34 + 3.28

3 ° Rigideces 2.34
↓ Fd A 1 = = 0.21
5.77 + 2.34 + 3.28
I T 45
kT = = = 5.77 3.28
L 7.80 ↑ Fd A 1 = = 0.29
5.77 + 2.34 + 3.28
I C 12.50
K Ca = = * 0.75= 2.34 5.77
L 4 ← Fd B 1 = = 0.47
5.77 + 3.13 + 3.28
I C 12.50
K Cb = = = 3.13 3.13
L 4 ↓ Fd B 1 = = 0.26
5.77 + 3.13 + 3.28
I C 12.50
K Cab = = = 3.28 3.28
L 3.80 ↑ Fd B 1 = = 0.27
5.77 + 3.13 + 3.28

Estructuras reticulares
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 5 ° Rigideces al corte

 3EI   3 12 EI   12  12EI   12

Fd a = = = 0.05 Fd b = = = 0.19 Fd ab = = =
H³ 4³ H³ 4³ H³ 3.80 ³
0.22

6 ° Factor de distribución al corte

RC 0.05 1 RC 1 0.19
Fd A 0− A 1 = = = 0.20 Fd b = * = * =
∑ RC 0.05 + 0.19 2 ∑ RC 2 0.19  + 0.05
0.40

1 RC 1 0.22
Fd ab = * = * = 0.25
2 ∑ RC 2 0.22+0.22

7 ° Momento de empotre por sismo

MEI SISa= ( Fs ) ( H ) ( FDC ) = ( 3,300) ( 3.80 ) ( 0.25 ) = 3,135 Kg-m

MEI SISa = ( Fs ) ( H ) ( FDC ) = ( 6,200 ) ( 4 ) ( 0.20 ) = 4,960 Kg-m

MEI SISb= ( Fs ) ( H ) ( FDC ) = ( 3,300) ( 3.80 ) ( 0.25 ) = 3,135 Kg-m

MEI SISb = ( Fs ) ( H ) ( FDC ) = ( 6,200 ) ( 4 ) ( 0.40 ) = 9,920 Kg-m

8 ° Momento de empotre inicial

ꙍ l² Pab² ( 3,000 )( 7.80 )² ( 2,500 )( 4.20 ) ( 3.60 )²

→ MEI A 2 = + = + =
12 L² 12 7.80 ²
17,447 Kg-m

ꙍ l² Pa²b ( 3,000 )( 7.80 )² ( 2,500 )( 4.20 )² ( 3.60 )

← MEI B 2 = + = + =
12 L² 12 7.80 ²
17,819 Kg-m

ꙍ l² ( 1,000 )( 2 )²
← MEI A 1 = + PL = + (1,000 ) ( 2 ) = 4,000 Kg-m
2 2
ꙍ l² Pab² ( 3,200 )( 7.80 )² ( 2,000 )( 4.20 ) ( 3.60 )²
→ MEI A 1 = + = + =
12 L² 12 7.80 ²
18,013Kg-m

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 9 ° Cortante Isostático TRABES

ꙍl Pb ( 3,000 )( 7.80 ) ( 2,500 )( 3.60 )
→ V ISOA 2 = + = + = 12,854 Kg-m
2 L 2 7.80
ꙍl Pa ( 3,000 )( 7.80 ) ( 2,500 )( 4.20 )
← V ISOB 2 = + = + = 13,046 Kg-m
2 L 2 7.80

← V ISOA 1 = ꙍ l + P = ( 1,000 )( 2 ) + 1,000 = 3,000 Kg-m

ꙍl Pb ( 3,200 )( 7.80 ) ( 2,000 ) ( 3.60 )
→ V ISOA 1 = + = + = 13,403 Kg-m
2 L 2 7.80
ꙍl Pa ( 3,200 )( 7.80 ) ( 2,000 ) ( 4.20 )
← V ISOB 1 = + = + = 13,557 Kg-m
2 L 2 7.80

9 ° Cortante Isostático COLUMNAS

V ISOA 1− A 2 = ( FS ) ( FDC ) = ( 3,300 ) ( 0.25 ) = 825 kg

V ISOB 1−B 2 = ( FS ) ( FDC ) = ( 3,300 ) ( 0.25 ) = 825 kg

V ISOA 0− A 1 = ( FS ) ( FDC ) = ( 6,200 ) ( 0.20 ) = 1,240 kg

V ISOB 0−B 1 = ( FS ) ( FDC ) = ( 6,200 ) ( 0.40 ) = 2,480 kg

10 ° Cortante hiperestático

M2+M1 -14,338 + 6,796

V HIPA 2−B 2 = = = 967 Kg
L 7.8
M2+M1 -24,319 +1,837
V HIPA 1−B 1 = = = 2,882 Kg
L 7.8
M2+M1 14,338 +11,761
V HIPA 1−A 2 = = = 6,868 Kg
H 3.8
M2+M1 8,604
V HIPA 0− A 1 = = = 2,151 Kg
H 4
M2+M1 - 6,796 - 7,260
V HIPA 1−A 2 = = = 3,699 Kg
H 3.8
M2+M1 10,338+ 5,423
V HIPA 0− A 1 = = = 3,940 Kg
H 4

Estructuras reticulares
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 ₂ ₂

NODO A B
PZA - - ↓ → ← ↓ -
FD - - -0 .3 6 -0 .6 4 -0 .6 4 -0 .3 6 -
FDC - - -0 .2 5 -0 .2 5 -
MEI - - 3 ,1 3 5 -1 7 ,4 4 7 1 7 ,8 1 9 3 ,1 3 5 -
1D - - 5 ,1 5 2 9 ,1 6 0 -1 3 ,4 1 1 -7 ,5 4 3 -
1T - - 858 -6 ,7 0 5 4 ,5 8 0 -4 ,2 3 5 -
1C - - 3 ,4 2 9 3 ,4 2 9 -
2D - - 871 1 ,5 4 8 -2 ,4 1 6 -1 ,3 5 9 -
2T - - -1 2 1 -1 ,2 0 8 774 -7 5 1 -
2C - - 837 837 -
3D - - 177 315 -5 5 0 -3 0 9 -
Σ.M.F - - 1 4 ,3 3 8 -1 4 ,3 3 8 6 ,7 9 6 -6 ,7 9 6 -
VI - - 825 1 2 ,8 5 4 1 3 ,0 4 6 825 -
VH - - ₁6 ,8 6 8 -9 6 7 967 -3 ,6 ₁9 9 -
ΣV - - 7 ,6 9 3 1 1 ,8 8 7 1 4 ,0 1 3 -2 ,8 7 4 -
NODO A B
PZA ← ↓ ↑ → ← ↑ ↓
FD -0 .2 1 -0 .2 9 -0 .5 1 -0 .4 7 -0 .2 7 -0 .2 6
FDC -0 .2 0 -0 .2 5 -0 .2 5 -0 .4 0
MEI 4 ,0 0 0 4 ,9 6 0 3 ,1 3 5 -1 8 ,0 1 3 1 8 ,3 1 2 3 ,1 3 5 9 ,9 2 0
1D 1 ,2 4 3 1 ,7 1 6 3 ,0 1 8 -1 4 ,7 4 2 -8 ,4 6 9 -8 ,1 5 5
1T 2 ,5 7 6 -7 ,3 7 1 1 ,5 0 9 -3 ,7 7 2
1C 2 ,1 9 8 3 ,4 2 9 3 ,4 2 9 4 ,3 9 6
2D -1 7 5 -2 4 1 -4 2 4 -2 ,6 1 4 -1 ,5 0 2 -1 ,4 4 6
2T 435 -1 ,3 0 7 -2 1 2 -6 7 9
2C 469 837 837 938
3D -9 1 -1 2 6 -2 2 1 -4 1 5 -2 3 8 -2 3 0
Σ.M.F 4 ,0 0 0 8 ,6 0 4 1 1 ,7 6 1 -2 4 ,3 1 9 1 ,8 3 7 -7 ,2 6 0 5 ,4 2 3
VI 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 4 0 825 1 3 ,4 0 3 1 3 ,5 5 7 825 2 ,4 8 0
VH 2 ,1 5 1 ₀6 ,8 6 8 -2 ,8 8 2 2 ,8 8 2 -3 ,6 ₀9 9 3 ,9 4 0
ΣV 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,3 9 1 7 ,6 9 3 1 0 ,5 2 1 1 6 ,4 3 9 -2 ,8 7 4 6 ,4 2 0
NODO A B
PZA ↑ ↑
FDC - -0 .4 0
MEI - 9 ,9 2 0
1T - -4 ,0 7 8
1C - 4 ,3 9 6
2T - -7 2 3
2C - 938
3T - -1 1 5
Σ.M.F - 1 0 ,3 3 8
VI - 2 ,4 8 0
VH - 3 ,9 4 0
ΣV - 6 ,4 2 0

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 11 ° Calculo de diagramas

V = 11,887 – 3,000 ( 4.20 ) =-} – 713 – 2,500 = - 3,213 – 3,000 ( 3.60 ) = - 14,013 Kg

M = 11,887 ( 3.96 ) / 2 = 23,536 – 14,338 = 9,198 Kg

V = 10,521 – 3,200 ( 4.20 ) = -2,919 – 2,000 = - 4,919 – 3,200 ( 3.60 ) = - 16,439 Kg

M = 10,521 ( 3.28 ) / 2 = 17,254 – 24,319 = -7,065 Kg

13 ° Calculo de áreas de acero A2-B2 13 ° Calculo de áreas de acero A1-B1

( 2,431,900 ) ( 1.4 ) ( 1,433,800 ) ( 1.4 )

12 °VDiseño
S = = 19.88 cm2 = 4 ∅ # VS = = 15.35 cm2 = 4 ∅ #
( de trabes
3113 ) ( 55 ) ( 3113 ) ( 42 )
8 7
Mu ( 24,319 )( 100 ) ( 1.4 )
d=
√
V S = ku∗b
=
√
( 706,500 ) ( 1.4
( 3113 ) ( 55 )
)
44.47∗25
= 55 cm Sección por diseño: h = d + recubrimiento
= 5.77 cm2 = 2 ∅ # 5 VS =
( 919,800 ) ( 1.4 )
= 9.84 cm2 = 4 ∅ # 6
( 3113 ) ( 42 )= 55 + 5 cm = 60 cm
( 183,700 ) ( 1.4 ) ( 679,600 ) ( 1.4 )
V S = Mu ( 14,338 )( 100 1.4
= )1.50
( cm2 = 2 ∅ # 4
) VS = = 7.27 cm2 = 2 ∅ # 7
√
d = ( 3113
ku∗b √
= ) ( 55 )
44.47∗25
( 3113
= 42 cm Sección por diseño: h =)d(+42 )
recubrimiento

= 42 + 5 cm = 45 cm

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 14 ° Calculo de áreas de acero A2-B2

As ( 4 ∅ # 8 ) ( 5.07 )
% Acero Ag = p = = = 0.014 < 0.015
b*d ( 25 ) ( 55 )
V cr = 0.5 FR * b * d √f´c = ( 0.5 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 25 ) ( 55 ) (√ 250 )

= ( 0.5 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 25 ) ( 55 ) (15.81 ) = 8,696 Kg

V e = V u- V cr = 16,439 – 8,696 = 7,743 Kg

16,439 7,743
= = X = 1.69 m
3.60 X
Fr * Av * fy * d ( 0.8 ) ( 0.49 * 2) ( 4200 ) ( 55 )
S=
Vu - Vcr
=
16,439 - 8,696
= 23 cm

15 ° Armado de trabe A2 – B2

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 14 ° Calculo de áreas de acero A1-B1

As ( 4 ∅ # 7 ) ( 3.87 )
% Acero Ag = p = = = 0.014 < 0.015
b*d ( 25 ) ( 42 )
V cr = 0.5 FR * b * d √f´c = ( 0.5 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 25 ) ( 42 ) (√ 250 )

= ( 0.5 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 25 ) ( 42 ) (15.81 ) = 6,640 kg

V e = V u- V cr = 14,013 – 6,640 = 7,373 Kg

14,013 7,373
= = X = 1.89 m
3.60 X
Fr * Av * fy * d ( 0.8 ) ( 0.49 * 2) ( 4200 ) ( 42 )
S=
Vu - Vcr
=
14,013 - 6,640
= 18 cm

15 ° Armado de trabe A1 – B1

Estructuras reticulares
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 15 ° Diseño de columna A1-A2
F*c = 200 Kg/cm2 F´´c = 170 Kg/cm2
Columna ( A2 – A1 )
Pu = ( P ) ( Fc ) = ( 11,700 ) ( 1.4 ) = 16,380 Kg

A g = ( b ) ( h ) = ( 35 ) ( 35 ) = 1,225 cm2

F=(P) (CQ ) ( Fch ) = ( 11,700 ) ( 0.32

4 )
( 1.1 ) = 1,030 Kg

M u = ( F ) ( H ) = ( 1,030 ) ( 3.80 ) = 3,914 Kg

r = 4 cm d = h – r = 35 – 4 = 31 cm

Pu 16,380
K= = = 0.10
( Fr ) ( bh) ( F´´c ) ( 0.8 ) ( 35 x 35 ) ( 170 )

Mu 391,400
R=
( Fr )( bh)²( F´´c )
= ( 0.8 )( 35 x 35 )²( 170 )
= 0.07

Áreas de acero

( 20 )( Ag ) ( 20 )( 1,225 )
A Smin = = 4,200 = 5.83 cm2
Fy

( q )( bh )( F´´c ) ( 0.2 )( 1,225 )( 170 )

A Sreal = = = 9.91 cm2 = 4 ∅ # 6
Fy 4,200

Diseño de estribos

b 35
e = Del #2 = 0.32 S= = = 18 cm
2 2

S
S = e #2 @ 18 cm en el centro = e #2 @ 9 cm
2

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 15 ° Diseño de columna A0-A1
F*c = 200 Kg/cm2 F´´c = 170 Kg/cm2
Columna ( A2 – A1 )
Pu = ( P ) ( Fc ) = ( 25,180 ) ( 1.4 ) = 35,252 Kg

A g = ( b ) ( h ) = ( 35 ) ( 35 ) = 1,225 cm2

F=(P) (CQ ) ( Fch ) = ( 25,180 ) ( 0.32

4 )
( 1.1 ) = 2,216 Kg

M u = ( F ) ( H ) = ( 2,216 ) ( 4.00 ) = 8,864 Kg

r = 4 cm d = h – r = 35 – 4 = 31 cm

Pu 35,252
K= = = 0.21
( Fr ) ( bh) ( F´´c ) ( 0.8 ) ( 35 x 35 ) ( 170 )

Mu 886,400
R=
( Fr )( bh)²( F´´c )
= ( 0.8 )( 35 x 35² ) ( 170 )
= 0.15

Áreas de acero

( 20 )( Ag ) ( 20 )( 1,225 )
A Smin = = 4,200 = 5.83 cm2
Fy

( q )( bh )( F´´c ) ( 0.2 )( 1,225 )( 170 )

A Sreal = = = 9.91 cm2 = 4 ∅ # 6
Fy 4,200

Diseño de estribos

b 35
e = Del #2 = 0.32 S= = = 18 cm
2 2

S
S = e #2 @ 18 cm en el centro = e #2 @ 9 cm
2

Estructuras reticulares
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