A person A of 50 kg rests on a swing of length 1m making an angle 37° with the vertical.

Another
person B pushes him to other side where swing makes an angle 53° with vertical. The work done by

g  10m / s 2 
person B is :

(A) 50 J (B) 9.8 J (C) 100 J (D) 10 J

Answer:

Wg + Wext.P
By applying work energy theorem, change in kinetic energy =

K i=K f =0 (as the swing starts from rest and finally comes to rest)

W ext +W gravity =K f −K i =0

W ext −mg ( l cos 37−l cos 53 )=0

4 3
WextP = 500× [ ]
−
5 5

Wext = 100 joule

The work done by the frictional force on a pencil of negligible mass in drawing a complete circle of
N  5N    0.5
radius r =1/ meter on the surface with a normal pressing force is :
(A) + 4J (B) –3 J (C) – 2 J (D) – 5J
Answer:
We know work done by any force is given as
dW =⃗
F.⃗
dx
Since the frictional force is always opposite to the direction of displacement,
Work done= − F × length of path

Friction force, F=µN=2.5 N

W =−F ×2 πr=−5 J
A rope is used to lower vertically a block of mass M by a distance x with a constant downward
acceleration g / 2 . The work done by the rope on the block is :

1 1
Mgx 2  Mgx 2
(A) Mgx (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) Mgx
Answer:
We know work done by any force is given as

W  f .d
If we draw FBD of the block

T
g/ 2

M g
By applying Newton’s second law on the block

Mg Mg
mg  T  ;T
2 2
Since force and displacement are in opposite direction

 Mg 
W   x
 2 
The work done by conservative force in moving a particle under the effect of a conservative force, from
position A to B is 3 joules and from B to C is 4 joule. The work done by conservative force in moving the
particle from A to C is :
A

B C

(A) 5 joule (B) 7 joule (C) 1 joule (D) –1 joule

Answer:
For conservation force, work done is independent of the path, hence work done in AC path will be equal
to summation of work done in AB and BC path

WAB + WBC = WAC , 3+4 = WAC = 7 J

Work done in time t on a body of mass m which is accelerated by a constant force from rest to a speed v
in time t1 as a function of time t is given by :
2
1 v 2 v 1  mv  2 1 v2 2
m t m t2 t t m 2 t
2  t1 
(A) 2 t1 (B) t1 (C) (D) 2 t1
Answer:
According to newton’s second law
v
F=ma and a=
t1
By applying work energy theorem

  v 1 v mv 2 2
KE  f .d  m     t 2   K.E.  2
t
 t1  2  t1  2t1
Velocity–time graph of a particle of mass 2 kg moving in a straight line is as shown in figure. Work done
by all the forces on the particle is :
v (m / s )

20

t (s )
2

(A) 400 J (B) –400 J (C) –200 J (D) 200 J

Answer:
Since acceleration is rate of change of velocity,
2
Slope of v–t graph  Acceleration  –10 m / s

Area under v–t graph  displacement  20 m

since acceleration of particle is constant hence it is acted upon by a constant force

work = f .s = 2 (10) (20)  – 400 J
A particle moves on a rough horizontal ground with some initial velocity say v0 . If 3/4th of its kinetic
energy is lost due to friction in time t 0 then coefficient of friction between the particle and the ground is :

v0 v0 3v0 v0
(A) 2gt 0 (B) 4gt 0 (C) 4gt 0 gt
(D) 0
Answer:
Since 3/4th of it’s kinetic energy is lost,

1 mv 2
mvf2 
New kinetic energy = 2 8

v0 v
 vf =  v=u–gt 0    0
2 2gt 0 (by applying first equation of motion)
A block of mass m moving with speed v compresses a spring through distance x before its speed is
halved.What is the value of spring constant ?

3mv 2 mv 2 mv 2 2mv 2
2 2 2 2
(A) 4x (B) 4x (C) 2x (D) x
Answer:
By applying work energy theoram
Change in kinetic energy = work done by all the forces
Since only spring force is acting on the block,
1 2 2 x
W spring = k ( x i −x f ) , x i=0 , x f =
2 2
1 v2 1 1
m – mv 2 = – kx 2
2 4 2 2

3mv 2 1 2 3mv 2
  kx ; k 
8 2 4x 2
An engine can pull 4 coaches at a maximum speed of 20 m/s. Mass of the engine is twice the mass of
every
coach. Assuming resistive forces proportional to the weight, approximate maximum speeds of the engine
when it pulls 12 and 6 coaches are :
(A) 8.5 m/s and 15 m/s respectively (B) 6.5 m/s and 8 m/s respectively
(C) 8.5 m/s and 13 m/s respectively (D) 10.5 m/s and 15 m/s respectively
Answer:
As we know that power, P= ⃗
F . ⃗v
Since mass of the engine is twice the mass of coach, (assuming mass of coach is m)
Initially total mass is 6m,

Resistive force f ∝ 6 m

Power, P=6 m×20

When there are 6 coaches, total mass is 8m,

Power, P=8 m× v

Since maximum power produced by engine is same, comparing both situations,

6 m ×20=8 m× v , v=15 m/s
When there are 12 coaches, total mass is 14m,
6 m ×20=14 m× v , v=8.5 m/ s
A small sphere starts falling from a very large height and after falling a distance of 100 m it attains the
terminal velocity and continues to fall with this velocity. The magnitude of work done by the atmosphere
during the first fall of 100m is :
(A) Greater than the work done for next fall of 100 m
(B) Less than the work done for next fall of 100 m
(C) Equal to 100 mg
(D) Greater than 100 mg
Answer:
since air resistance force acts opposite to velocity, work done by atmosphere will be negative.
As force of gravity and displacement are in same direction, Work done by gravity is positive.
W g=mgh=100 mg in both cases
By applying work energy theoram for first 100m

1
mv 2 – 0 = Wg + Wfr
2
As the particle acquired some kinetic energy which means that work done by gravity is greater than work
done by atmospheric resistance.

Wg  Wfr
for the second half work energy theorem change in kinetic energy =

0 = 100mg + Wfr = –100 mg ,

as velocity is constant which means that magnitudes of work done by gravity and atmospheric resistance
are equal.

As work done for the first half by the gravity is 100mg therefore work done by air resistance is less than
100 mg, which is less than second case
A force acts on a 3 gm particle in such a way that the position of the particle as a function of time is given
by, x=3 t−4 t 2 +t 3 where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The work done on the particle during the first
4 second is :
(A) 384 mJ (B) 168 mJ (C) 528 mJ (D) 541 mJ
Answer:
dy dv
As we know v= , a=
dt dt
dx
x = 3t – 4t 2 + t 3 ; v = = 3 – 8t + 3t 2
dt

dv
a = 0 – 8 + 6t
dt
As we know work done by any force is given as
4

W   F.dx   3(6t  8)(3  8t  3t 2 )dt
0

W= 528 mJ
OR
From work energy theorem

W =K f −K i

1 2 1 2 1
W mv 2  mv1   3  10 3 
2 2 2

 3  8  4  3  4 2    3 2   528 mJ
 
A body is moved along a straight line by a machine delivering constant power. The distance moved by the
body in time t is proportional to :
1/2 3/4 3/2 2
(A) t (B) t (C) t (D) t
Answer:

As we know, power P= ⃗
F . ⃗v
dv
Power = constant, Fv  C , F=m {Newton’s second law}
dt

2C 2C
mvdv = Cdt  v 2  tv t
m m

dx 2C
  dx 
m 
v tdt
as dt

2C t 3/ 2
x  x  t 3/2
m 2/3
A particle of mass m is moving in a circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration
a C is varying with time t as a C = k 2 rt 2 , where k is a constant. The power delivered to the particle by the
force acting on it is:

(mk 4 r 2 t 5 )
(A) 2mk r
2 2
(B) mk2r2t (C) 3 (D) zero
Answer:

v2
As we know that centripetal acceleration, a c =
r
v2
a c = k 2 rt 2   k 2 rt 2
r

dv
 v 2 = k 2 r 2t 2  v = krt  a T = = kr
dt
As we know, power P= ⃗
F . ⃗v

P=mav=mkr( krt)=mk 2 r 2 t
In the figure shown the potential energy (U) of a particle is plotted against its position 'x' from origin.
Then which of the following statement is correct. A particle at:
U

O X
X 1 X 2 X 3

(A) x1 is in stable equilibrium (B) x 2 is in stable equilibrium

(C) x 3 is in stable equilibrium (D) None of these

Answer:
As we know

P.E.  Maximum  Unstable equilibrium

P.E.  Minimum  Stable equilibrium

P.E.  Constant  Natural equilibrium

Hence X2 is unstable equilibrium.
The given plot shows the variation, the potential energy (U) of interaction between two particles with the
separating distance (r) between them. Which of the above statements are correct?
(1) B and D are equilibrium points
(2) C is a point of stable equilibrium points
(3) The force of interaction between the two particles is attractive between
points C and D and repulsive between points D and E on the curve.
(4) The force of interaction between the particles is repulsive between points E
and F on the curve.
U A

E
B F
D
C r

(A) 1 and 3 (B) 1 and 4 (C) 2 and 4 (D) 2 and 3

Answer:
As we know

P.E.  Maximum  Unstable equilibrium

P.E.  Minimum  Stable equilibrium

P.E.  Constant  Natural equilibrium

Hence C is stable equilibrium.
As we know in a U-x graph

dU
 
Force = dx –(slope)

Force  +ve [repulsion]

Force  –ve attraction

As slope is –ve from E to F and fromA to C , force is repulsive.
A weight is hung freely from the end of a spring. A boy then slowly pushes the weight upwards until the
spring becomes slack. The gain in gravitational potential energy of the weight during this process is equal
to :
(A) The work done by the boy against the gravitational force acting on the weight.
(B) The loss of the stored energy by the spring minus the work done by the tension in the spring.
(C) The work done on the weight by the boy plus the stored energy lost by the spring.
(D) The work done on the weight by the boy minus the work done by the tension in the spring
plus the stored energy lost by the spring.
Answer:
By applying work energy theorem
KE = Work done by all the forces

Since change in kinetic energy of the particle is zero

0 = Wg + Wspring + Wext agent

–Wg = (Wspring + Wext agent )

U = (Wspring + Wext agent ) [ U = Wg ]

A rope ladder with a length  carrying a man of mass m at its end is attached to the basket of balloon
with a mass M. The entire system is in equilibrium in the air. As the man climbs up the ladder into the
balloon, the balloon descends by a height h. Then the potential energy of the man :

(A) Increases by mg    h (B) Increases by mg

(C) Increases by mgh (D) Increases by mg  2  h 

Answer:
As we know,
U = mgh

height w.r.t. ground = (– h), U = mg (–h)

Since the displacement of man is in upward direction, his potential energy increases.
A block attached to a spring, pulled by a constant horizontal force, is kept on a smooth surface as shown
in
the figure. Initially, the spring is in the natural state. Then the maximum positive work that the applied
force
F can do is : [Given that spring does not break]

k F

F2 2F2 F2
(A) k (B) k (C)  (D) 2k
Answer:
By applying work energy theorem

K.E = WS + Wext agent

Since block is at rest in initial and final situation

1 2F
0 = – Kx 2 + Fx  x =
2 K

2F2
W ext =Fx
Work done = K {
A simple pendulum has a string of length  and bob of mass m. When the bob is at its lowest position, it
is given the minimum horizontal speed necessary for it to move in a circular path about the point of
suspension. The tension in the string at the lowest position of the bob is :

(A) 3mg (B) 4mg (C) 5mg (D) 6 mg

Answer:
At lowest point, applying newton’s second law,

mu 2
T  mg 
 ....(i)

u
at highest point T = 0

mv 2
mg  , v  g 2 2
 and v = u + 2as

 
2
g  u 2  2   g   2 

g = u 2 – 4g

u 2 = 5 g

To complete vertical circle, minimum speed required at lowest point is, u=√ 5 gl

Put the value of u2 in equation (i)

m  5g
T – mg =  T = 6 mg

In the previous question, when the string is horizontal, the net force on the bob is :

(A) mg (B) 3mg (C) 10mg (D) 4 mg

Answer:
When the string is horizontal, applying newton’s second law,

mv 2
T
 ...(i)

v 2 = u 2 – 2g

v 2 = 5g –2g = 3g

speed of bob when string is horizontal is, u=√ 3 gl

m  3g
T  3mg
So 

T is acting in horizontal direction and mg is in vertically downward direction,

T 2   mg    3mg  2   mg  2
2
 10 mg
So net force =
A particle of mass m is fixed to one end of a light rigid rod of length l and rotated in a vertical circular
path about its other end. The minimum speed of the particle at its highest point must be :

g 1.5g 2g
(A) zero (B) (C) (D)
Answer:
In case of rod the minimum velocity of particle is zero at highest point, since rod does not get slack.
A stone tied to a string of length L is whirled in a vertical circle, with the other end of the string at the
center. At a certain instant of time, the stone is at its lowest position and has a speed u. The magnitude of
the change in its velocity as it reaches a position where the string is horizontal is :

u 2  2gL 2gL u 2  gL 2(u 2  gL)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
Answer:
As velocity is vector quantity

∆ v=|⃗
v 2−⃗
v1|

v = v12  v 22  2v1v 2 cos  [as  = 90°]

v = v12  v 22

By applying work energy theorem between lowest point and when string is horizontal,

1 2 1
mv 2 –mu 2 = – mgL
2 2
2
v 2 = u 2 – 2gL  u = 2(u 2  gL)
A marble of mass m and radius b is placed in a hemispherical bowl of radius r. The minimum velocity to
be given to the marble so that it reaches the highest point is :

2g(r  b) 2gr 2g(r  b) g(r  b)

(A) (B) (C) (D)
Answer:
At highest point KE of marble is zero,
By applying work energy theorem,
W g=K f −K i
Work done by normal contact force is zero.

(r – b )

1 2
mv = mg(r – b)  v  2g  r  b 
2

( r −b ) is vertical displacement of center of the marble.

A particle is placed at the top of a sphere of radius r. It is given a little jerk so that it just starts slipping
down. Find the point where it leaves the sphere.

(A) r / 2 (B) r / 3 (C) r / 4 (D) r

Answer:
Applying newton’s second law,

mv 2
Net force towards center is r

mx v2
mg cos  – N =
r

v  rg cos 

 

By applying work energy theorem, (initial kinetic energy is zero)

W g +W N =K f −K i ,[W N =0 ]

1 2
mrg cos  – 0 = mgr(1– cos ) = cos =
2 3
A particle is moving in a circular path with a constant speed v. If  is the angular displacement, then
starting from   0 , the maximum and minimum change in the linear momentum will occur when value
of  is respectively :
(A) 45º & 90º (B) 90º & 180º (C) 180º & 360º (D) 90º & 270º
Answer:
As momentum is a vector quantity

∆ P=|⃗
P2− ⃗
P1|

P = P12  P22  2P1P2 cos 

cos θ is maximum for 0° and 360°  P is minimum for  = 360°

cos θ is minimum for 180°  P maximum for  = 180°

In a simple pendulum, the breaking strength of the string is double the weight of the bob. The bob is
released from rest when the string is horizontal. The string breaks when it makes an angle  with the
vertical–

 1  2
  cos 1     cos 1  
(A)  3 (B)   60 (C)  3 (D)   0
Answer:
Applying newton’s second law at breaking point,

m v2
T −mg cos θ=
l
Applying work energy theorem between breaking point and initial horizontal position,
W g +W T =K f −K i ,[ K i=0]
Since Work done by tension force is zero.

m v2 m v2
mgl cos θ= −0⇒ 2 mgcos θ=
2 l
T =3 mg cos θ
At breaking point T is 2mg
3mg cos = 2mg

2  2
 cos =   = cos –1  
3  3