METODO DE LOS ESTADOS LIMITES

El ejemplo se trata de una cimentación aislada centrada cuyos datos son:

Propiedades Mecánicas del suelo

Profunidad de Cimnetación: Df ≔ 1.8 m

kN
Peso específico del suelo: γ ≔ 18.4 ――
m3
Cohesión específica del suelo: C ≔ 97.4 kPa γs ≔ 1
Angulo de fricción interna: ϕ ≔ 10 °
Solicitaciones
N' ≔ 5.04 kN H' ≔ 11.62 kN M' ≔ 64.8 kN ⋅ m
1.- Para determinar las dimensiones de los cimientos tenemos hacer que cumpla:
Q*bt = N*
1. DISEÑO GEOTÉCNICO

2.- Determinación de las propiedades mecánicas del suelo minoradas

Para suelos cohesivos - friccionantes c > 0 y φ ≤ 25° y probabilidad de diseño del 95%

γgγ ≔ 1.05 γgc ≔ 1.45 γgtanϕ ≔ 1.25

Por lo tanto las propiedades minoradas son las siguientes:
γ γsat - γw ⎛ tan ((ϕ)) ⎞
γ※1 ≔ ―― γ※2 ≔ ――― C ϕ※ ≔ atan ⎜――― ⎟
γgγ γgγ C※ ≔ ―― ⎝ γgtanϕ ⎠
γgc
kN kN
γ※1 = 17.524 ―― γ※2 = 0 ―― C※ = 67.172 kPa ϕ※ = 8.029 °
m3 m3

3.- Determinación de la carga mayorada.

De acuerdo a las tablas 2.1 y 2.2 encontramos los siguientes valores: γf ≔ 1
- Obtenemos los valores de las solicitaciones de cálculo.
N'※ ≔ N' ⋅ γf H'※ ≔ H' ⋅ γf M'※ ≔ M' ⋅ γf

N'※ = 5.04 kN H'※ = 11.62 kN M'※ = 64.8 kN ⋅ m

- Calculamos las solicitaciones resultantes que actúan en la base de la cimentación

N※ ≔ 1.1 ⋅ N'※ H※ ≔ H'※ M※ ≔ M'※ + H'※ ⋅ Df

N※ = 5.544 kN H※ = 11.62 kN M※ = 85.716 kN ⋅ m

- Cálculo de la excentridicad el.

M※ el
el ≔ ―― el ≔ ―
N※ m
- Cálculo de la excentridicad el.
M※ el
el ≔ ―― el = 15.461 m el ≔ ―
N※ m
- Cálculo de los lados efectivos Para una cimentación cuadrada y
circular la relación kr ≔ 1
b' ≔ b - 2 ⋅ el l' ≔ b ⋅ kr
4.- Determinación de q*br.
El valor de la capacidad bruta de rotura viene dado por la ecuación.
Como es suelo cohesivo friccionante tenemos

qbr ≔ 0.5 ⋅ γ※2 ⋅ b' ⋅ Nγ ⋅ sγ ⋅ iγ ⋅ dγ ⋅ gγ + C※ ⋅ Nc ⋅ sc ⋅ ic ⋅ dc ⋅ gc + q ⋅ Nq ⋅ sq ⋅ dq ⋅ iq ⋅ gq

Como el caso que vamos analizar es un cimiento centrado por lo tanto existe
excentricidad y b’ = b-2 el, es decir la expresión quedaría:

qbr ≔ 0.5 ⋅ γ※2 ⋅ ((b - 2 ⋅ el)) ⋅ Nγ ⋅ sγ ⋅ iγ ⋅ dγ ⋅ gγ + C※ ⋅ Nc ⋅ sc ⋅ ic ⋅ dc ⋅ gc + q ⋅ Nq ⋅ sq ⋅ dq ⋅ iq ⋅ gq

a.- Procedemos a determinar las variables de la ecuación:

q ≔ γ※1 ⋅ Df = 31.543 kPa

b.- Determinación de los coeficientes de capacidad de carga.

2
π ⋅ tan ⎛⎝ϕ※ ⋅ deg ⎞⎠
⎛⎛ ϕ※ ⎞ ⎞
Nq ≔ e ⋅ tan ⎜⎜45 + ―⎟ ⋅ deg ⎟ = 2.063
⎝⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠
((Nq - 1))
Nc ≔ ――――― = 7.539
tan ⎛⎝ϕ※ ⋅ deg ⎞⎠

Nγ ≔ 2 ⋅ ((Nq + 1)) ⋅ tan ⎛⎝ϕ※ ⋅ deg ⎞⎠ = 0.864

c.- Determinación de los coeficientes de forma.

⎛ b' ⎞ ⎛ Nq ⎞ ⎛ b' ⎞ ⎛ b' ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞

sγ ≔ 1 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ sc ≔ 1 + ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―⎟ sq ≔ 1 + ⎜―⎟ ⋅ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟
⎝ l' ⎠ ⎝ Nc ⎠ ⎝ l' ⎠ ⎝ l' ⎠ ⎝ 180 ⎠

d.- Determinación de los coeficientes de profundidad.

Df ≤ b
dγ ≔ 1

Df
dc ≔ 1 + 0.4 ⋅ ―
b'
2
⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ Df
dq ≔ 1 + 2 ⋅ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜1 - sin ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟ ⋅ ―
⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠⎠ b'

e.- Determinación de los coeficientes de inclinación de las cargas actuantes

 e.- Determinación de los coeficientes de inclinación de las cargas actuantes

5
⎛ 0.7 ⋅ H※ ⎞
iγ ≔ ⎜1 - ―――――――――― ⎟
⎜ 1 ⎟
N※ + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ C※ ⋅ ―――――
⎜ ⎛ π ⎟⎞
⎜ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎠
5
⎛ 0.5 ⋅ H※ ⎞
iq ≔ ⎜1 - ―――――――――― ⎟
⎜ 1 ⎟
N※ + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ C※ ⋅ ―――――
⎜ ⎛ π ⎞⎟
⎜ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎠
1 - iq
ic ≔ iq - ―――
Nq - 1
f.- Determinación de los coeficientes de inclinación del terreno.

gγ ≔ 1 Coeficiente de inclinacion del terreno

ya que Ψ=0 tenemos:
gq ≔ 1

gc ≔ 1

qbr ≔ 0.5 ⋅ γ※2 ⋅ b' ⋅ Nγ ⋅ sγ ⋅ iγ ⋅ dγ ⋅ gγ + C※ ⋅ Nc ⋅ sc ⋅ ic ⋅ dc ⋅ gc + q ⋅ Nq ⋅ sq ⋅ dq ⋅ iq ⋅ gq

6.- Determinación de la carga resistente Q*bt.

⎛ qbr - q ⎞
Qbt ≔ b' ⋅ l' ⋅ ⎜――― + q⎟
⎝ γs ⎠

7.- Determinación de la carga total resultante (N*)

simplify
N※1 ≔ N'※ + kr ⋅ b 2 ⋅ Df ――― → 1.8 ⋅ b 2 + 5.04

⎡ 30.925299050139454537
⎢ 6.2879050153016896626
⎢
⎢ 30.362313001893969597
⎢ -0.0024273895035249136771
⎢ 0.00016272477257750094701 + 0.000063696984117389969695
1 solve , b , simplify ⎢ 0.00013646768475016684582 + 0.00026708952434825544428i
( ) ⎛ 2 ⎞
― ⋅ (b' ⋅ l' ⋅ qbr - b' ⋅ l' ⋅ q + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ q ⋅ γs) - ⎝N'※ + kr ⋅ b ⋅ Df⎠ ―――――― →⎢
γs ⎢ 0.00013646768475016684582 - 0.00026708952434825544428i
⎢ 30.92193156842440775 - 0.00026892705682660377454i
⎢ 0.00016272477257750094701 - 0.000063696984117389969695
⎢ 30.921911328925599463 + 0.000063865382904067978511i
⎢
⎢ 30.92193156842440775 + 0.00026892705682660377454i
⎢⎣ 30.921911328925599463 - 0.000063865382904067978511i
 ⎡ 30.925299050139454537
⎢ 6.2879050153016896626
⎢
⎢ 30.362313001893969597
⎢ -0.0024273895035249136771
⎢ 0.00016272477257750094701 + 0.000063696984117389969695
1 solve , b , simplify ⎢ 0.00013646768475016684582 + 0.00026708952434825544428i
― ⋅ ((b' ⋅ l' ⋅ qbr - b' ⋅ l' ⋅ q + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ q ⋅ γs)) - ⎛⎝N'※ + kr ⋅ b ⋅ Df⎞⎠ ――――――
2
→⎢
γs ⎢ 0.00013646768475016684582 - 0.00026708952434825544428i
⎢ 30.92193156842440775 - 0.00026892705682660377454i
⎢ 0.00016272477257750094701 - 0.000063696984117389969695
⎢ 30.921911328925599463 + 0.000063865382904067978511i
⎢
⎢ 30.92193156842440775 + 0.00026892705682660377454i
⎢⎣ 30.921911328925599463 - 0.000063865382904067978511i

b≔‖b←1 |=?
‖ |
‖ b' ← b - 2 ⋅ el |
‖ l' ← b ⋅ kr |
‖ ⎛ b' ⎞ |
‖ sγ ← 1 - 0.4 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ |
‖ ⎝ l' ⎠ |
‖ ⎛ Nq ⎞ ⎛ b' ⎞ |
‖ sc ← 1 + ⎜―― ⋅
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ― |
‖ ⎝ Nc ⎠ ⎝ l' ⎠ |
‖ ⎛ b' ⎞ ⎛ π ⎞ |
‖ sq ← 1 + ⎜―⎟ ⋅ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟ |
‖ ⎝ l' ⎠ ⎝ 180 ⎠ |
5
‖ ⎛ 0.7 ⋅ H※ ⎞ |
‖ iγ ← ⎜1 - ―――――――――― ⎟ |
‖ ⎜ 1 ⎟ |
‖ N※ + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ C※ ⋅ ――――― |
⎜ ⎛ π ⎞⎟
‖ ⎜ tan ϕ
⎜ ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟ |
‖ ⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎠ |
‖ 5 |
‖ ⎛ 0.5 ⋅ H※ ⎞ |
‖ iq ← ⎜1 - ―――――――――― ⎟ |
‖ ⎜ 1 ⎟
N※ + b' ⋅ l' ⋅ C※ ⋅ ――――― |
‖ ⎜ ⎛ π ⎞⎟ |
‖ ⎜ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟⎟ |
‖ ⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎠
|
‖ ic 1.0 ⋅ ⎛⎝1.0295385975385182154
1 - iq 35 11 32 12
⋅ 10 ⋅ b - 5.3859607982725425456 ⋅ 10 ⋅ b - |8.295352256515569
-――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
← iq - ―――
‖ Nq - 1 |
8.9078141572605424828 ⋅ 10 29 ⋅ b 10 - 1.377240617430996
‖ |
‖ dc ← 1 + 0.4 ⋅ ― Df
|
‖ b |
‖ 2 |
‖ ⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞ Df |
‖ dq ←
-1.0 ⋅ ⎛⎝1.0295385975385182154
1 + 2 ⋅ tan ⎜ϕ※ ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜1 -⋅ 10
sin35⎜⋅ϕb※11⋅ -
―― ⎟⎟ ⋅ ―
5.3859607982725425456 ⋅ 10 32 ⋅ b 12 - 8.29535225651556941
|
‖ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠⎠ b
|
‖ qbr ← 0.5 ⋅ γ※2 ⋅ b ⋅ Nγ ⋅ sγ ⋅ iγ ⋅ dγ ⋅ gγ + C※ ⋅ Nc ⋅ sc ⋅ ic ⋅ dc ⋅ gc + q ⋅ Nq ⋅ sq ⋅ dq ⋅ iq ⋅ gq |
‖ 2 ⎛ qbr - q ⎞ |
‖ f ((b)) ← kr ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜――― + q⎟ - ⎛⎝N'※ + kr ⋅ b 2 ⋅ Df⎞⎠ |
‖ ⎝ γs ⎠ |
‖‖ root ((f ((b)) , b)) |
-1.0
‖ ⋅ ⎝1.0295385975385182154
⎜ ※ ⎟ ⎜ ⋅ 10 ⎜⋅ b※ - 5.3859607982725425456
⎟⎟ ⋅ 10 ⋅ b - 8.29535225651556941
|
‖ ⎝ 180 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 180 ⎠⎠ b
|
‖ qbr ← 0.5 ⋅ γ※2 ⋅ b ⋅ Nγ ⋅ sγ ⋅ iγ ⋅ dγ ⋅ gγ + C※ ⋅ Nc ⋅ sc ⋅ ic ⋅ dc ⋅ gc + q ⋅ Nq ⋅ sq ⋅ dq ⋅ iq ⋅ gq |
‖ 2 ⎛ qbr - q ⎞ |
‖ f ((b)) ← kr ⋅ b ⋅ ⎜――― + q⎟ - ⎛⎝N'※ + kr ⋅ b 2 ⋅ Df⎞⎠ |
‖ ⎝ γs ⎠ |
‖‖ root ((f ((b)) , b)) |