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8
Quiz
Answers
ECE
606:
Solid
State
Devices
Mark
Lundstrom
Purdue
University,
Spring
2013
Quiz
1:
Answer
the
four
multiple
choice
questions
below
by
choosing
the
one,
best
answer.
Then
ask
a
question
about
the
lecture.
1) What
does
the
term
“depletion
approximation”
mean
in
the
context
of
a
PN
junction?
a)
The
term
refers
to
an
undoped
region
near
the
PN
junction.
b)
The
term
refers
to
a
region
for
which
n, p << ni .
c)
The
term
refers
to
a
condition
for
which
n − p << N D − N A
.
d)
The
term
refers
to
a
condition
for
which
n − N D << p − N A
.
e)
The
term
refers
to
a
region
near
the
PN
junction
where
n
and
p
are
much
less
than
the
doping
density
2) In
a
PN
junction,
where
does
the
peak
electric
field
occur?
a)
At
the
edge
of
the
depletion
region
on
the
N-‐side.
b)
At
the
edge
of
the
depletion
region
on
the
P-‐side.
c)
At
the
center
of
the
depletion
region.
d)
At
the
center
of
the
part
of
the
depletion
region
that
lies
on
the
N-‐side.
e)
At
the
junction
between
the
N
and
P
sides.
3) The
formula
for
the
built
in
potential
is
an
important
one
that
we
should
remember.
What
is
it?
a)
qVbi = k BT ln ( N A ) ni2
b)
qVbi = k BT ln ( N D ) ni2
c)
qVbi = k BT ln ( N A N D ) ni2
( )
d)
qVbi = k BT ln ni2 N A
e)
qVbi = k T ln ( n N )
2
B i D
Continued
on
next
page
1
4) If
we
apply
a
reverse
bias
to
a
PN
junction,
what
happens?
a)
The
magnitude
of
the
peak
electric
field
decreases,
and
the
width
of
the
depletion
region
decreases.
b)
The
magnitude
of
the
peak
electric
field
decreases,
and
the
width
of
the
depletion
region
increases.
c)
The
magnitude
of
the
peak
electric
field
increases,
and
the
width
of
the
depletion
region
decreases.
d)
The
magnitude
of
the
peak
electric
field
increases,
and
the
width
of
the
depletion
region
increases.
e)
The
magnitude
of
the
peak
electric
field
is
increases,
and
the
width
of
the
depletion
region
unchanged.
Quiz
2:
1) For
a
moderately
forward
biased
PN
junction,
we
solve
the
minority
carrier
diffusion
equation
in
the
quasi-‐neutral
N
and
P
regions.
We
need
2
boundary
conditions.
If
x
=
0
is
the
boundary
of
the
quasi-‐neutral
P
region
adjacent
to
the
depletion
region,
what
is
the
boundary
condition
for
the
excess
minority
electron
equation
at
x
=
0
for
an
applied
bias
of
VA?
(This
result
is
known
as
the
“Law
of
the
Junction.”).
a)
Δn ( x = 0 ) = N Ae A B
.
qV k T
( )
b)
Δn ( x = 0 ) = ni2 N A ln ( qV A k BT )
c)
Δn ( x = 0 ) = ( n )e (
2 q Vbi −V A ) k BT
i
NA .
d)
Δn ( x = 0 ) = ni2 e
qV A k BT
(
e)
Δn ( x = 0 ) = ni2 N A e ) qV A k BT
2) For
very
large
forward
bias,
the
current
“rolls
off”
(i.e.
the
current
is
not
as
large
at
a
given
voltage
as
the
ideal
diode
equation
would
predict).
The
reason
for
this
is:
a) For
high
currents,
there
are
voltage
drops
across
the
N
and
P
regions,
so
only
a
portion
of
the
applied
voltage
actually
gets
to
the
PN
junction
and
forward
biases
it.
b)
The
applied
bias
exceeds
the
bandgap
of
the
semiconductor.
c)
The
diode
enters
breakdown.
d)
The
depletion
approximation
begins
to
fail.
e)
The
diode
begins
to
overheat.
Continued
on
next
page
2
3) If
you
observe
an
n
=
2
slope
to
the
high
forward
bias
IV
current
of
a
PN
junction,
what
physical
explanation
would
you
give?
a)
Diode
is
in
low-‐level
injection.
b)
Zener
tunneling.
c)
Diode
is
in
high
level
injection
with
ambipolar
transport
d)
Recombination
is
controlled
by
radiative
recombination
e)
Recombination
is
controlled
by
Auger
recombination
4) What
region
of
the
IV
characteristic
of
a
PN
junction
does
tunneling
affect?
a)
Low
forward
bias
(if
the
junction
is
heavily
doped
on
both
sides)
and
moderate
to
high
reverse
bias.
b)
Low
forward
bias
(if
the
junction
is
heavily
doped
on
one
side)
and
moderate
to
high
reverse
bias.
c)
High
forward
bias
(if
the
junction
is
heavily
doped
on
both
sides)
and
moderate
to
high
reverse
bias.
d)
High
forward
bias
(if
the
junction
is
heavily
doped
on
one
side0
and
moderate
to
high
reverse
bias.
e)
Only
high
reverse
bias.
Quiz
3:
1) The
Schottky
barrier
height
is
a
key
parameter
for
a
metal-‐semiconductor
junction.
For
a
metal,
N-‐type
semiconductor,
Φ bN
is
given
by
which
of
the
following
expressions?
a)
Φ bN = χ S − Φ M
.
b)
Φ bN = χ S + Φ M
c)
Φ bN = Φ M − χ S .
d)
Φ bN = χ S − Φ M
e)
Φ bN = Φ M × χ S
Continued
on
next
page
3
2) The
forward
bias
current
in
a
typical
Schottky
barrier
is
due
to
what
physical
mechanism?
a)
Drift
b)
Diffusion
c)
Recombination
d)
Thermionic
emission
e)
Zener
tunneling
3) At
a
given
forward
bias,
how
does
the
current
in
a
typical
Schottky
barrier
compare
to
that
in
typical
PN
junction?
a)
The
SB
current
is
much
larger
than
the
PN
junction
current.
b)
The
SB
current
is
a
little
larger
than
the
PN
junction
current.
c)
The
SB
current
is
much
smaller
than
the
PN
junction
current.
d)
The
SB
current
is
a
little
smaller
than
the
PN
junction
current.
e)
The
SB
current
is
about
the
same
as
the
PN
junction
current.
4) What
is
the
forward
bias
ideality
factor
of
a
Schottky
barrier
diode?
a)
n = 1
b)
n = 2
c)
1 < n < 2
d)
n > 2
e)
n < 1
Quiz
4:
1) The
small
signal
model
for
a
Schottky
barrier
diode
contact
contains
what
parameters?
a)
The
dynamic
resistance
and
the
junction
capacitance.
b)
The
dynamic
resistance
and
the
diffusion
capacitance.
b)
The
junction
capacitance
and
diffusion
capacitance.
b)
The
dynamic
resistance.
b)
The
junction
capacitance.
Continued
on
next
page
4
2) Majority
carriers
respond
in
what
characteristic
time?
a)
The
carrier
lifetime.
b)
The
carrier
diffusion
time,
c)
The
scattering
time.
d)
The
dielectric
relaxation
time.
e)
The
drift
time.
3) To
make
a
good
ohmic
contact
to
a
semiconductor,
what
should
be
done?
a)
Choose
a
metal
with
a
high
Schottky
barrier
height.
b)
Use
a
lightly
doped
semiconductor.
c)
Introduce
defects
into
the
semiconductor
to
lower
its
lifetime.
d)
Dope
the
semiconductor
very
heavily.
e)
Reduce
the
contact
area.
4) What
are
the
consequences
of
Fermi
level
pinning?
a)
The
Schottky
barrier
height
will
be
insensitive
to
the
type
of
metal.
b)
The
SB
will
behave
like
a
PN
junction.
c)
The
SB
will
be
ohmic
–
not
rectifying.
d)
The
thermionic
emission
theory
will
have
to
be
replaced
by
drift-‐diffusion
theory.
e)
The
ideality
factor
of
the
SB
will
decrease.
5