Properties of matter and materials

Introduction of elements

 everything around us made up of atoms

 Element - substance has one kind of atom
 93 elements were found naturally
 24 elements were made by scientists in laboratories using particle accelerators


 particles are made to crash into each other to make new elements
 As the number of elements is so large, scientists divide them in to two groups.
 Metals and non-metals
 Air- non metal
 78% nitrogen 20% oxygen.
 Chlorine - non metal used to kill microorganisms, drinking water and swimming
pool
 Red phosphorus-tip of match stick
  Magnesium has dull surface but metal - produces brilliance flame
 Graphite is a form of carbon, used in making pencils but it is a non metal -
conducts electricity.
 Iodine has a shiny surface looks metallic but it is a non metal. Portable water
purifying kit.
 METAL ALLOY
 Mixture of metals
 Bronze - copper and tin. - making bells and
cymbals
 Brass - copper and zinc - strong and corrosion
resistant- pins and electrical plugs- shiny -
making ornaments.
 Steel -metal alloy based on the metal iron
 Stainless steel- alloy of steel and chromium- does
not rust - knives,forks,spoons and kitchen sinks.
 Carbon steels- metal iron and carbon- springs to
car bodies.

 ATOMS ,MOLECULES AND EVERYDAY MATERIALS

Wood Components -
CARBON- oxygen-hydrogen atoms have joined to form a
long chain molecule called cellulose. Wood is made up of
three major or basic components: 1) cellulose, the
framework or skeleton; 2) hemicellulose, the matrix;
3) lignin, the encrusting or "glue-like" substance that holds
and binds the cells together and gives the cell
wall rigidity.
Clay and glass- silicon and oxygen to form tetrahedrons

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

 SURFACE APPERANCE- shiny,dull,rough,smooth

 RIGID- cannot be bent or squashed.
 FLEXIBLE- can be bent or squashed.
 HARD OR SOFT-depends upon flexibility
 MALLEABLE- hammered into any shape
 BRIITTLE-breaks suddenly
 ABSORBENT-ability to absorb water.
 WATERPROOF
 * water resistant materials - it resists water
penetrating.
 Water repellant materials- no holes in it, completely
prevents water from entering
 transparent- allows light to pass
 Translucent- partially allows light to pass.
 Opaque-do not let the light to pass.
 HEAT CONDUCTORS- material conducts heat.
 HEAT INSULATORS- materials does not
conduct heat
 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS-material
conducts electricity
 ELECTRICAL INSULATORS - material does not
conduct electricity.