Slide 1 ___________________________________

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Essay Writing
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Roxana Marinescu

Slide 2 ___________________________________
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Clear structure:
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An introductory paragraph___________________________________
in which the topic is
announced
• The thesis statement or the___________________________________
purpose statement
is a clear statement of your position and the
direction the essay is going___________________________________
to take
• Typically, it comes in the first paragraph of the
___________________________________
essay or near the end of the introduction, but it
can take a different position in theorganisation
of the essay
• A thesis statement is a sentence that makes an
assertion about a topic and predicts how the
Slide 3 topic will be developed, by___________________________________
saying something
about it
___________________________________
Clear structure:
___________________________________
The main body: ___________________________________
• Several paragraphs where the author
___________________________________
clearly states his/her points and then
___________________________________
supports them by reasons, examples
___________________________________
• Each point under consideration is to be
placed in a separate paragraph. Each
paragraph has a topic sentence which
sums up its idea and is followed by
arguments to justify it
Slide 4 ___________________________________
___________________________________
Clear structure:
___________________________________
A closing paragraph: ___________________________________
• Summing up the matters discussed,
___________________________________
expressing a balanced ___________________________________
conclusion,
sometimes expressing the author’s view
___________________________________
as well

Slide 5 ___________________________________
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Formal style:
___________________________________
• Passive voice and impersonal constructions of
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the type: it is argued that
___________________________________
• Formal linking words: however, furthermore,
nonetheless, although ___________________________________
• Complex sentences ___________________________________
• Inversion in conditionals
• Sequencing: firstly, secondly, lastly
• References to other sources:many people claim
that
Slide 6 ___________________________________
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Paragraphing
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A topic sentence ___________________________________
States the main point of a paragraph: it serves as
___________________________________
a mini-thesis for the paragraph.
___________________________________
It should alert your readers to the most important,
___________________________________
interpretive points in your essay. When read in
sequence, your essay's topic sentences will
provide a sketch of the essay's argument.
Thus topic sentences help protect your readers
from confusion by guiding them through the
argument.
Slide 7 ___________________________________
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Paragraphing
___________________________________
The body of a paragraphdevelops and
___________________________________
demonstrates the topic sentence
You can: ___________________________________
- explain more fully what you___________________________________
mean, giving
definitions or indicating distinctions;
___________________________________
- offer details, examples, or relevant quotations
(with your comments);
- follow through a logical sequence, showing the
connections among your ideas in a recognizable
pattern such as cause and effect or comparison
and contrast.
Slide 8 ___________________________________
Signalling devices,___________________________________
link words or
transitional expressions
___________________________________
LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP ___________________________________
Similarity
___________________________________
TRANSITIONAL EXPRESSION
also, in the same way, just as ...
Exception/Contrast ___________________________________
so too, likewise, similarly
but, however, in spite of, on the
___________________________________
one hand ... on the other
hand, nevertheless,
nonetheless,
notwithstanding, in contrast,
on the contrary, still, yet
Sequence/Order first, second, third, ... next,
then, finally

Slide 9 ___________________________________
Signalling devices,___________________________________
link words or
transitional expressions
___________________________________
LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP TRANSITIONAL
___________________________________
EXPRESSION
___________________________________
after, afterward, at last,
Time ___________________________________
before, currently,
during, earlier,
___________________________________
immediately, later,
meanwhile, now,
recently,
simultaneously,
Example subsequently, then
for example, for instance,
namely, specifically, to
illustrate
Slide 10 ___________________________________
Signalling devices,___________________________________
link words or
transitional expressions
___________________________________
LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP TRANSITIONAL
___________________________________
EXPRESSION
___________________________________
Emphasis even, indeed, in fact, of
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course, truly
___________________________________
above, adjacent, below,
Place/Position
beyond, here, in front,
in back, nearby, there
accordingly,
Cause and Effect consequently, hence,
so, therefore, thus
Slide 11 ___________________________________
Signalling devices,___________________________________
link words or
transitional expressions
___________________________________
LOGICAL TRANSITIONAL
___________________________________
RELATIONSHIP EXPRESSION
___________________________________
additionally, again, also,
and, as well, besides,
___________________________________
Additional Support or equally important,
Evidence ___________________________________
further, furthermore, in
addition, moreover,
then
finally, in a word, in brief,
in conclusion, in the
end, in the final
Slide 12 Conclusion/Summary ___________________________________
analysis, on the whole,
Types of essay
thus, to conclude, to
___________________________________
summarize, in sum, in
summary
___________________________________
• Opinion essays ___________________________________
• For and against essays.
___________________________________
• Solutions to problems___________________________________
essays
• Discursive essays, etc.
___________________________________
Slide 13 ___________________________________
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Essay writing tips
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• Search for online articles and take notes on
the structure and language used
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• Brainstorm the main points to include in the
___________________________________
article
• Look for evidence and examples to illustrate
them
• Make sure the introductory paragraph
Slide 14 motivates the reader to read on
___________________________________
• Make sureEssay writing
that each paragraphtipsmakes a clear
___________________________________
point supported by explanations and
examples ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
• Write with the reader in mind
• Make sure your writing is___________________________________
neither too formal
nor too informal
___________________________________
• Think of a headline to illustrate the content of
your text . Remember a headline is not a
sentence! It should create a sense of
anticipation.
• Select headlines in local and international
press and make a list of similarities and
Slide 15 differences ___________________________________
• Proof-read your article and even give it to
someone
Tips for designing ask___________________________________
to read andQUESTIONNAIRES
for feedback.
Adjust your writing accordingly
___________________________________
___________________________________
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– Keep the questionnaire short and the
layout spacious ___________________________________
– Make sure the respondents will have the
___________________________________
knowledge to answer the questions; you
may want to add NR (not relevant) or NA
(not appropriate) to indicate a customer
isn't a valid respondent for that question.
– Focus on issues of importance to the
customer rather than on those of
importance to you
Slide 16 ___________________________________
Tips for designing
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QUESTIONNAIRES
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– Avoid ambiguous, unfamiliar or jargon
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words in the questions
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– Avoid biased questions which might
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suggest positive or negative answers
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– Use a variety of questions, such as
multiple choice questions, closed
questions or open questions

Slide 17 ___________________________________
Tips for designing
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QUESTIONNAIRES
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– For the response format you can choose
___________________________________
yes/no checklists or scales, such as :
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a) Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral,
agree, strongly agree; ___________________________________
b) Very dissatisfied,
dissatisfied, indifferent, satisfied, very
___________________________________
satisfied; c) Very poor, poor, average,
good, very good