H ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Î·È Ë ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÛÙË ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰·
ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ
«¢ÂÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó ÌÔ˘Û›·
¯ˆÚ›˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ¤˜, ·ÊÔ‡ Ù· ÌÔ˘Û›· ›ӷÈ
ȉڇ̷ٷ ‚·ÛÈṲ̂ӷ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·»1
Eilean Hooper-Greenhill
∏ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈÔÏÔÁ›· ‚¿˙ÂÈ Û ÚÒÙË
ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔÓ ÂÈÛΤÙË, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜
·Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙ· Â›Ó·È Î·È Ô ÏfiÁÔ˜ ‡·Ú͢
ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘Û›ˆÓ. √ ˘Ú‹Ó·˜, fï˜, ÂÓfi˜
ÌÔ˘Û›Ԣ ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ηÈ
Û ·˘Ù¿ ‚·Û›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜
ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘. Œ¯Ô˘Ì ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË ÏÔÈfiÓ
Ó· Ù· ÚÔÛٷهÛÔ˘Ì ·fi ÙË ÊıÔÚ¿ Ì ÙÔÓ
ηχÙÂÚÔ ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÙÚfiÔ, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi Î·È Ë
ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ
ÂÚÁ·ÏÂ›Ô Ù˘ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹
ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· ÙÔ˘˜.
∏ ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ
ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÔÏËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÙË ÛˆÛÙÈ΋
Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÚÔÏËÙÈ΋ Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË
·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÔ‡
ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, ÛÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÌÂÙ·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ
Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ, ÛÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Î·Ù¿ÏÏËψÓ
·ÔıË΢ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÂÎıÂÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ¯ÒÚˆÓ Î·È
˘ÏÈÎÒÓ. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë ÛˆÛÙÈ΋ Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË
ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ ‚·ÛÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÛÙËÓ
·ÓÙÈÛÙÚ„ÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È Û˘Ì‚·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ
˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙË
ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔÔ›ËÛË ÌÈ·˜ ·Ú·ÎÌ¿˙Ô˘Û·˜
ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ.
∏ ∂ÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ÀÏÈÎÒÓ
ªÂ ‚¿ÛË Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ, Ë ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ
˘ÏÈÎÒÓ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈÔÏÔÁ›· ÌÂÏÂÙ¿
Î·È Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌ› Ù· ÌÔ˘ÛÂȷο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ·Ó¿
‡ÏË. ∫¿ı ˘ÏÈÎfi ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜
(Ê˘ÛÈΤ˜ Î·È ¯ËÌÈΤ˜) Î·È ·ÓÙȉڿ
‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÛÙȘ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜
Û˘Óı‹Î˜2. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ
ηıÔÚ›˙ÂÈ Ù· ˘ÏÈο Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› Ô
Û˘ÓÙËÚËÙ‹˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË ÙˆÓ
ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È Ù· ˘ÏÈο
Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛË Î·È
·Ôı‹ÎÂ˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ
Â›Ó·È ‰ÈÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› ÙȘ ıˆڛ˜
Ù˘ ¯ËÌ›·˜, Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜, Ù˘ Ì˯·ÓÈ΋˜ ηÈ
Ù˘ ‚ÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ԉ›ÍÂÈ ÙË Û¯¤ÛË
ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Î·È
ÙˆÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÎÒÓ, ¯ËÌÈÎÒÓ Î·È ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ
14
ÊıÔÚÒÓ Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙԇ̠ÛÙ· ÌÔ˘ÛÂȷο
·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ·. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, Ë ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË Ù˘
¯ËÌ›·˜ ÂÍËÁ› ÙË ÌÔÚȷ΋ ‰ÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ,
ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÛÌÔ‡˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ Û˘ÁÎÚ·ÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È
Ù· ÌfiÚÈ· Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ Î·È ÙȘ ¯ËÌÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜
ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ 3.
∏ ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ʈÙfi˜ (ÔÚ·Ù‹
·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·) Î·È Ù˘ ·fiÚ·Ù˘ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜
(˘¤Ú˘ıÚË Î·È ˘ÂÚÈ҉˘) Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı¿ Ó·
ÚÔÛٷهÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ¤˜ ·fi ÙȘ
ηٷÛÙÚÔÊÈΤ˜ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ‚ÈÔÏÔÁ›·,
Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ù˘, Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı¿ Ó·
·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÔ˘Ì ÙË ‚Èԉȿ‚ÚˆÛË ·fi
ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜.
∏ ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ÌÂÏÂÙ¿ ÙȘ
Ô˘Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ··ÚÙ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡ÏË Î·È ÙËÓ
Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Û ·˘Ù¤˜4. ∏
‡ÏË ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÌfiÚÈ·.
∞Ó ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì Ò˜ Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ù· ÌfiÚÈ·
(‰ÔÌ‹) Î·È Ò˜ Û˘ÁÎÚ·ÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜
(‰ÂÛÌÔ›), ÙfiÙ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ ÂÍËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ
ȉÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜.5
∆· ›‰Ë Ù˘ ‡Ï˘
√ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙȘ
ȉÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó·
ηٷٿÛÛÔ˘Ì ٷ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· Û ÔÌ¿‰Â˜.
ŒÓ·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÔ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰È·¯ˆÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜
ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ‚¿ÛÂÈ Ù˘
ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ ÙÔ˘˜, Ù· ÔÚÁ·ÓÈο ‹ Ù·
·ÓfiÚÁ·Ó· ˘ÏÈο, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ·6.
∆· ÔÚÁ·ÓÈο ˘ÏÈο Â›Ó·È Ê˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ˙ˆÈ΋˜
ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi Ù·
Ê˘ÛÈο ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ‹ Ù˘ ΢ÙÙ·Ú›Ó˘ Î·È Ù˘
ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·7. ª¤Û· Û ¤Ó· ÌÔ˘Û›Ô,
Û˘Ó·ÓÙ¿Ì ٷ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈο ˘ÏÈο Ê˘ÙÈ΋˜
ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ͇ÏÔ˘, ÙÔ˘
¯·ÚÙÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ˘Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (ÏÈÓfi, ‚·Ì‚¿ÎÈ).
∂ÓÒ Ù· ÔÚÁ·ÓÈο ˘ÏÈο ˙ˆÈ΋˜ ÚÔ¤Ï¢Û˘ ÌÂ
ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·ÍÈÔ‡, ÙÔ˘
Ì·ÏÏÈÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ÊÙÂÚÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÎηÏÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘
ΤڷÙÔ˘. ÕÏÏ· ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈο ˘ÏÈο Â›Ó·È Ù·
·‚Á¿, ÔÈ ˙ˆÈΤ˜ ÎfiÏϘ, ÙÔ Á¿Ï·, ‹ η˙½ÓË,
Ô˘ Û˘Ó·ÓÙԇ̠ˆ˜ Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈο ‹
Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏËÙÈο ˘ÏÈο ÛÙË ˙ˆÁÚ·ÊÈ΋8. ∂ÎÙfi˜
·fi Ù· Ê˘ÛÈο ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ‹, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ù·
ËÌÈÛ˘ÓıÂÙÈο, ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤ӷ Ê˘ÛÈο
ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ‹ (·Ú¿ÁˆÁ· ΢ÙÙ·Ú›Ó˘) ηÈ
Û˘ÓıÂÙÈο ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ‹, ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù·
ÔÔ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·Î·Ï˘Êı› Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·
ÂÓ‹ÓÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·9. ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó
ÚÒÙË ‡ÏË Û¯ÂÙÈο Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ,
Ô˘ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ·Ú¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ
̤ÚÔ˜ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ. ¶Ôχ
ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Â›Ó·È Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË Û˘ÓıÂÙÈÎÒÓ
ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚÒÓ ˆ˜ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ÁÈ· ¤ÎıÂÛË Î·È
·Ôı‹Î¢ÛË ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ, ÁÈ· Û˘Û΢·Û›·,
·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË10. °È·
·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, Û˘ÓıÂÙÈΤ˜ ÚËÙ›Ó˜
¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ÛÙÂÚˆÙÈο,
µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞
1
Eilean Hooper-Greenhill (ÂÈÌ ¤Î‰.), "Museums and
communication: an introductory essay", ÛÙÔ Museum, Media,
Message. London: Routledge, 1995, Û. 10.
2
Graham Hill, "Materials and their Properties", ÛÙÔ Chemistry
Counts. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1995, Û. 4-5.
3
Anne Moncrieff et al., "An introduction to materials" ÛÙÔ
Science for Conservators, Volume 1, (ÂÈÌ. ¤Î‰. Helen
Wilks).London: The Conservation Unit of Museums &
Galleries Commission and Routledge,1992, Û. 8-9.
4
C.V. Horie and D. Kenyon, Chemistry for Conservators.
London: International Academic Projects, 1996, Û. 6.
5
Graham Hill, "The Structure of Substances", ÛÙÔ Chemistry
Counts. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1995, Û. 160.
6
Moncrieff et al. ‘What science is’, Science for Conservators,
Volume 1, Û. 16.
7
Charles Newey et al.,"The chemistry of polymers", ÛÙÔ
Science for Conservators, Volume 3, (ÂÈÌ. ¤Î‰. Helen Wilks).
London: The conservation unit of Museums & Galleries
Commission and Routledge,1992, Û. 33-34.
8
John S. Mills and Raymond White, "Proteins", ÛÙÔ The
Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, (ÂÈÌ. ¤Î‰. Norbert
S. Baer). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994, Û. 84.
9
Mills and White, "Synthetic materials", The Organic
Chemistry of Museum Objects, Û. 129.
10
Mills and White, "Synthetic materials", The Organic
Chemistry of Museum Objects, Û. 129.
11
C.V. Horie, "Introduction", ÛÙÔ Materials for Conservation.
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000, Û. 3-10.
12
Hill, Chemistry Counts, Û. 176-80.

Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏËÙÈο, ‚ÂÚÓ›ÎÈ· Î·È ˘ÏÈο
ηÏÔ˘ÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·Ê· ¤ÚÁˆÓ Ù¤¯Ó˘11.
™Ù· ·ÓfiÚÁ·Ó· ˘ÏÈο ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó Ù· ̤ٷÏÏ·, Ù·
ÂÙÚÒÌ·Ù·, Ù· ÔÚ˘ÎÙ¿ Î·È Ù· ·ÔÏÈıÒÌ·Ù·.
∆· Û˘Ó·ÓÙԇ̠ˆ˜ ÌÔ˘ÛÂȷο ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ·fi
̤ٷÏÏÔ, ÎÂÚ·ÌÈÎfi (ËÏfi˜), Á˘·Ï› (¿ÌÌÔ˜),
Ì¿ÚÌ·ÚÔ Î·È Ê˘ÙÈο ‹ ˙ˆÈο ·ÔÏÈıÒÌ·Ù·12.
√È ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔÈ
Î·È ÔÈ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ› ÊıÔÚ¿˜ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘
∫·ı¤Ó· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ˘ÏÈο
·ÓÙȉڿ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜
Û˘Óı‹Î˜, ··ÈÙÒÓÙ·˜ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ηÈ
ÂȉÈΤ˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË
ÛˆÛÙ‹ ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, Ù·
ÔÚÁ·ÓÈο ˘ÏÈο Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ˘ÁÚÔÛÎÔÈο ¤¯Ô˘Ó
ÙËÓ Ù¿ÛË Ó· ·ÔÚÚÔÊÔ‡Ó Î·È Ó· ·Ô‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó
˘ÁÚ·Û›· ¤ˆ˜ fiÙÔ˘ ¤ÚıÔ˘Ó Û ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›· ÌÂ
ÙËÓ ˘ÁÚ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜13.
∞ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·, ÛÙ· ·ÓfiÚÁ·Ó· ˘ÏÈο, Ë ˘„ËÏ‹
Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ˘ÁÚ·Û›· Î·È ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó
Ó· ˘ÚÔ‰ÔÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ¯ËÌÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙȉڿÛÂȘ Ô˘
ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÙË ‰È¿‚ÚˆÛË
ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ ‰¿ÎÚ˘ÛÌ· ÙÔ˘
Á˘·ÏÈÔ‡14. ∏ ˘ÁÚ·Û›·, Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·, ÙÔ
ʈ˜, Ë ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ· (·ÙÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚÈÎÔ› Ú‡ÔÈ),
Ù· ¤ÓÙÔÌ· Î·È ÔÈ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ› ÂȉÚÔ‡Ó
ÛÙ· ˘ÏÈο Î·È ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Ì˯·ÓÈ΋, ¯ËÌÈ΋,
‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÊıÔÚ¿ ‹ Î·È Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi ·˘ÙÒÓ.
°›ÓÔÓÙ·È ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ› ÊıÔÚ¿˜ fiÙ·Ó
‰ÂÓ ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È.
™ÙÔ˘˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ÊıÔÚ¿˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ¿‚Ô˘ÌÂ Î·È ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ô˘
¤¯Ô˘Ó οÔÈ· ˘ÏÈο ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜15. Œ¯ÂÈ
‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› fiÙÈ ÙÔ Í‡ÏÔ, Û‡ÓıÂÙ· ͇Ϸ
(ÎfiÓÙÚ· ϷΤ, ªDF), ÎfiÏϘ Î·È ÌÂÚÈο
‚ÂÚÓ›ÎÈ· ·Ó·‰›‰Ô˘Ó ÙËÙÈο Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈο,
fiˆ˜ Ôͤ· ·fi ÙÔ Í‡ÏÔ Î·È ÊÔÚÌ·Ï‰Â˛‰Ë
·fi ÎfiÏϘ16. ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË, ¤¯ÂÈ
Â›Û˘ ·Ô‰Âȯı› fiÙÈ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÙËÙÈο
Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈο ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ¯·ÚÙ› ηÈ
ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ‰È¿‚ÚˆÛË ÛÙ· ̤ٷÏÏ·.
∏ ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂÈÛÙ‹Ì˘ ÙˆÓ
˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ÛÙË ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰·
ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ
∏ ÁÓÒÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ Ì¿˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó·
·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ì ÛËÌ¿‰È· ÊıÔÚ¿˜ Î·È Ó·
·ÓÙÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓfiÌ·ÛÙ ٷ ·›ÙÈ· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜.
ŒÙÛÈ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ͤÚÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ ÙÔ «foxing» ÙÔ˘ ¯·ÚÙÈÔ‡
(ηʤ ÎËÏ›‰Â˜) Â›Ó·È ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÊıÔÚ¿ ·fi
ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Û ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË
Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ˘ÁÚ·Û›·17, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ Ô¤˜ ÛÙÔ Í‡ÏÔ
‰ËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ·fi ¤ÓÙÔÌ·, fiÙÈ Ô
·ԯڈ̷ÙÈÛÌfi˜ (ÍÂıÒÚÈ·ÛÌ·) ÙÔ˘ ˘Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜
Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ¤ÚıÂÈ Û Â·Ê‹ Ì ÌË ·Ú¯Âȷο ˘ÏÈο,
fiˆ˜ ÎÔÈÓ¿ ¯·ÚÙfiÓÈ·, Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ¿‰È fiÍÈÓÔ˘
ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Î·È Î·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÙÔ˘
¤ÚÁÔ˘ Û ¤ÎıÂÛË ‹ ·ÔıË΢ÙÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ18 Î·È fiÙÈ ÙÔ
Ì·‡ÚÈÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÁ‡ÚÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ‡·Ú͢
˘‰ÚfiıÂÈÔ˘ (∏2S) Û ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË
Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ˘ÁÚ·Û›·19.
∫·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·, Ë Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË ÁÓÒÛË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ
Î·È ÙˆÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÊıÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı¿ Ó·
Ï¿‚Ô˘Ì ٷ ÛˆÛÙ¿ ÚÔÏËÙÈο ̤ÙÚ· ÁÈ· ÙË
ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ. √ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜
ÙÔ˘ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜, Ë ÛˆÛÙ‹
ÌÂÙ·¯Â›ÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ, Ù· ·Ú¯Âȷο ηÈ
Û˘Ì‚·Ù¿ ˘ÏÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛË Î·È ·Ôı‹ÎÂ˘Û‹
ÙÔ˘˜, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ù· ˘ÏÈο Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠ÁÈ·
ÙË Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ ÚÔ˜ ·˘Ù‹Ó
ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË: ÙË ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰· ÙˆÓ ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·ÎÒÓ
Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ20.
√ÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·˜, ı· ‹ıÂÏ· Ó· ÚÔÛı¤Ûˆ fiÙÈ Ë
ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ·
¤Ú¢ӷ, Ë ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Û ÔÏÏÔ‡˜
ÙÔÌ›˜, fiˆ˜ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ
Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÏËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÛˆÛÙÈ΋
Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·. ∞fi ÙË ÌÈ· ÌÂÚÈ¿, Ô
Û˘ÓÙËÚËÙ‹˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ
Â¤Ì‚·ÛË Ù· ˘ÏÈο Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›, ÙȘ ȉÈfiÙËÙ¤˜
ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙȘ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ.
∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË, Ô ÂÈÌÂÏËÙ‹˜ Î·È Î¿ı ˘‡ı˘ÓÔ˜
ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÒÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ› ÛˆÛÙ¿
˘ÏÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ôı‹Î¢ÛË Î·È ¤ÎıÂÛË ÙˆÓ
·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ·ÛÊ·Ï›˜
Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÌÂÙ·¯Â›ÚÈÛ˘ ·˘ÙÒÓ. ŒÙÛÈ ÌfiÓÔ ı·
ÌÔÚ¤ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ¤Ó· ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ
ÌÔ˘ÛÂÈ·Îfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·È ÙÂÏÈο Ó·
‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈ¿
ÙfiÛÔ ÁÈ· ÂÌ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ
ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÁÂÓȤ˜.
ŒÏÂÓ· ∫›ÙÙ·
™˘ÓÙËÚ‹ÙÚÈ· ŒÚÁˆÓ ∆¤¯Ó˘, ªÔ˘Û›Ô
πÛÙÔÚ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ
12
Hill, Chemistry Counts, Û. 176-80.
13
Ann Brooke Craddock, «Control of Temperature and
Humidity in Small Collections», ÛÙÔ Conservation Concerns
(ÂÈÌ. ¤Î‰. K. Bachmann). Washington: Smithsonian
Institution Press, 1992, Û. 16.
14
Garry Thomson, «Humidity», ÛÙÔ The Museum Environment.
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995, Û. 84.
15
Valerie Reich Hunt, «Composite Objects: Materials and
Storage Conditions», ÛÙÔ Conservation Concerns (ÂÈÌ.
¤Î‰. K. Bachmann), Washington: Smithsonian Institution
Press, 1992, Û. 133.
16
Ann Brooke Craddock, «Construction materials for storage
and exhibition», ÛÙÔ Care of Collections (ÂÈÌ. ¤Î‰. Simon
Knell). London: Routledge, 1994, Û. 129-34.
17
Marjorie Shelley, «Warning Signs: When Works on Paper
Require Conservation», ÛÙÔ Conservation Concerns (ÂÈÌ.
¤Î‰. K. Bachmann). Washington: Smithsonian Institution
Press, 1992, Û. 36.
18
Commoner, Conservation Concerns, Û. 86.
19
Grossbard, Conservation Concerns, Û. 102.
20
Reich Hunt, Conservation Concerns, Û. 132-33.
µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞
ñ Bachmann, Konstanze. 1992. Conservation Concerns.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
ñ Hill, Graham.1995. Chemistry Counts. London:
Hodder & Stoughton.
ñ Hooper-Greenhill, Eilean. 1995. Museum, Media, Message.
London: Routledge.
ñ Horie, V. C. 2000. Materials for Conservation. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
ñ Knell, Simon. 1994. Care of Collections. London: Routledge.
ñ Mills, S. and White, Raymond. 1994. The Organic Chemistry
for Museum Objects. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
ñ Moncrieff, Anne et al. 1992. Science for Conservators
Volume 1 .London: The Conservation Unit of Museums &
Galleries Commission and Routledge.
ñ Newey, Charles et al. 1992. Science for Conservators
Volume 3. London: The Conservation Unit of Museums &
Galleries Commission and Routledge.
ñ Thomson, Garry. 1995. The Museum Environment.
Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
15