BOREWELL CHILD RESCUE MACHINE

ABSTRACT
In present time, children fall in the Borewell due to the
carelessness nature of the people in society. The currently
available systems to save the child are less effective and
costly too. Thus the society is in need of a new technique
which is more efficient and effective. In most cases reported
so far, a parallel hole is dug and then horizontal path is made
to reach the child. It is not only a time taking process, but also
risky in various ways. The borewell rescue system is capable
of moving inside the same borewell where the child has been
trapped and performs various actions to save the child. CCTV
camera is used to continuously monitor the child’s condition.
This system has a high power LED which acts as a light
source since light intensity inside the hole will be less. The
advancement in the field of automation along with the
mechanical design has a great impact on the society. This
project includes series of process development from hand
drawn sketches to computer generated design. The modern
equipments are implemented for various parts of the system,
since the system performs a life rescuing activity. The light
weight servomotors are implemented for the system’s
operations. Borewell rescue System is a human controlled
computerized system embedded with additional safety
devices.
I. INTRODUCTION
Our project titled as “Child recue system from open
borewell “ has been undertaken with the aim to save a life.
Borewell accidents are common due to uncovered openings of
borewell. It is very difficult and risky to rescue the trapped
children. A small delay in the rescue can cost the child his or
her life. Lifting the child out of the narrow hole of the
borewell is not easy. The child who has suffered the trauma of
the fall is confined to a smaller area where with the passage of
time, the supply of oxygen reduces.
The main objective of this project is to design and
construct a portable system which is cost effective, quick in
action and accurate. This system is also capable of performing
life saving action like supplying oxygen.
The Borewell Rescue System is capable of moving
inside the well and performs operations according to the user
commands.
The system is operated through personal computer
according to the observations made continuously using CCTV
camera.
I.I. NEED OF PROPOSED WORK
The main purpose of this research is to save the life, child
trapped inside the borewell safely. The problems in current
existing methods are:
1. It takes up to 30 hours to dig the parallel pit 110ft, by the
time the child would have died.
 2. Lack of oxygen inside the borewell.
3. Lack of visualization causes the major difficulty during
the rescue operation.
4. There is no such equipment for rescuing the child which
had fallen into the bore well.
5. There is no interaction of child inside borewell and the
parents.
6. Children fall in the Borewell due to the carelessness
nature of the people in society.
7. The currently available systems are less effective and
costly too.
8. In most cases reported so far, a parallel hole is dug and
then horizontal path is made to reach the child. It is not
only a time taking process, but also risky in various
ways.
To overcome these lapses, we have designed and
implemented a “Child Rescue System from Open
Borewells”. Which has following advantages: -
1. System is capable to get inside the same borewell the
child’s fall. There is no need to dug a parallel hole.
2. It saves time with this system to rescue the child.
3. The child can be taken out of borewell safely.
I.II. OBJECTIVE OF RSEARCH WORK
The objectives of our project work are as follows:
1. Manually monitoring the child with the help of camera and
controlling unit of system.
2. Communicating with the system by sending appropriate
commands to it and activate the suitable motors.
3. Once the system has reached proximity of child, it is
stopped immediately and is given the commands by the
controlling device to perform the closing of the systemic
arms.
4. Controlling a system to takeoff the child inside the bore
well, this is controlled by the person from outside.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
For finalizing objective of our project work we have
reviewed following research papers majorly being related
with the technology which we have used in our project work
“Rescue System from Open Borewells”, apart from books
and websites.
Kavianand .G [1] describes the designing a system for
rescue a child from inside bore well. This system is capable of
moving inside the bore well. This Smart Child Rescue System
consists of PIR sensors which help to sense only humans
irrespective of the external conditions. In this system
Raspberry pi is used which is costly than Arm
microcontroller. It requires more peripherals.
Nish Mohith Kurukuti [2] describes the rescue operations
without human intervention. The system can adjust its legs
according to the pipeline dimensions. The system consists of
power supply, actuators, and dc motor, servo motor. The child
position is captured from bore well with Camera module and
monitored on PC. The ultrasonic sensor interfaced with radio.
The radio uses a microcontroller not an application processor,
so cannot run any operating system on it. You cannot get a
video output or Ethernet port on radio.
Manish Raj [3] describes the diameter of the narrow
borewell for any adult person because light goes dark inside
it, the rescue task is challenging. The systemic system
attaches a harness to the child using pneumatic arms for
picking up. A teleconferencing system is also attached to the
system for communicating with the child.
N. Bourbakis and I. Papadakis-Ktistakis [4] describes
design of two complementary role to existing larger systemic
structures, which mainly perform different rescue tasks. Here
the micro-system, called This as, is under development by a
research team consisted of researchers from the ATRC-WSU
(micro-design, software), the Ohio State University (micro-
antennas).icro-systemic structures in an effort for assisting the
detection of human under debris and rescue them. These
microstructures will play.
K. P. Sridhar C. R. Hema S. Deepa [5] described a
wireless sensor fusion system in the mechanical gripper
systemic arm to assist the rescue operation and paramedical
team effectively. Multiple sensors are interfaced to the
wireless sensor fusion system to acquire the important
parameters such as humidity, temperature, CO, and other
gaseous levels from the bore well to monitor the condition of
the child inside the bore well. In this system pic
microcontroller is used which has low speed operation than
Arm.
A major problem faced by the human society was water
scarcity which is analyzed by Bharathi and Suchitha. Due to
drought and depletion of underground water, more bore wells
are drilled on the surface of the earth. In many areas, the bore
wells are drilled and left open without any proper covering.
These bore wells became death pits and started taking many
lives especially small children. Now a days falling of children
in bore wells are increasing due to carelessness and playful
activities of the children. The hole dug for the bore wells are
deep around 700 feet. In these cases, the rescue of child from
such deepest bore well is quite challenging.
B.Bharathi describes the design of a robot for rescuing
the child from bore well. This robot is capable of moving
inside the bore well, according to the human comment by PC
and also pick and place based on the arm design. This robot is
operated through PC with the help of wireless Zigbee
technology and wireless camera which gives both the audio
and video signals on the TV. The high power LED in the
robot acts as a light source in the pipe where the light intensity
is low. It is a low cost human controlled robot used to monitor
and gives an insight view of rescuing the child safely.
Palwinder Kaur describes the rescue operation without
human intervention. Here the wheeled leg mechanism is
designed to go inside the pipe and the legs are
circumferentially and systematically spaced out apart. The
robot can adjust its legs according to the pipeline dimensions.
The robot has consisting of power supply, switch pad and gear
motor. The child position is captured from the bore well with
USB camera and monitored on PC. The LM35 temperature
sensor and 16*2 LCD are interfaced with pic 16F877A
microcontroller to sense and displays on LCD.
Manish Raj describes as the diameter of the bore well is
narrow for any adult person and light goes dark inside it, the
rescue task in that situation is challenging. The robotic system
which will attach a harness to the child using pneumatic arms
for picking up. A teleconferencing system is also attached to
the robot for communicating with the child.
John Jose Pattery describes the facility that monitors the
trapped child, supplies the oxygen and provides a supporting
platform to lift up the child. The first motor placed at top turns
a gear mechanism which in turn pushes 3 blocks arranged at
120 degree from each other towards the side of the bore well.
The bottom shaft is turned by 130 degrees with the help of
second motor, thus helping to locate the gap through which
the lifting rod is adjusted by third motor. When the diameter is
adjusted, the forth motor helps the lifting rod to screw its way
through the gap towards the bottom of the child. Once lifting
the rid reaches a safe position under, an air compressor is
operated to pump air to the bladder attached to the end of
lifting rod through an air tube that runs downwards inside the
lifting rod. The bladder provides a safe seating to the child.
Them the first motor is reversely operated so as to unclamp
the system. Simultaneously it is lifted out of the well using a
chain or rope.
 III. METHODOLOGY
The entire system is manually controlled by the user. The
functional block diagram of Borewell Rescue System is as
shown in figure:

Fig 1.Block Diagram of the designed system

Our proposed system consists of mainly two round
plates. The full hardware system has been illustrated by the. A
mechanical system will be attached to the higher plate which
will try to release two linear actuation units which will hold
the system in position by pushing the wall of the bore-well.
Another mechanical gear system will be attached which will
rotate the lower plate to get position it in plane with the
victim. Two arms will be attached to the lower plate. Two
high resolution cameras will be attached downwards in the
lower position of the lower plate. The high resolution cameras
will provide the view of the well environment which will be
highly helpful in telecome the two arms. As the bore well
environment is a dark environment the system will be having
lights which will provide enough lighting conditions for the
operation of the system. The pneumatic arms will be having
another two individual cameras for each arm which will
publish the view of the arms. A chest mount harness will be
attached with the system which will be highly essential in
picking up the victim from the bore well.
The systemic arms will be tele operated to attach the
straps of harness around the victim. As from the upper
mounted cameras we can only observe the upper view of the
situation, the task will get complicated if the victim will not
be cooperative or get senseless. As the system attaches the
harness to the victim, the victim would be ready to pickup. As
various commercial harness are available today we choose to
use the chest harness to reduce the complexity of the task. A
chest harness is capable of lifting a 15 yr old boy easily. The
chest harness lifting a boy is shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2. Previous Existing Method

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the existing
system, a new system is proposed which rescues the child
from the bore well. The Smart and Safe child Rescue System
consists of Temperature sensor (LM35), Gas sensor (mq4),
Oxygen tube, Web camera and the clipper. The sensors are
under the control of Atmel microcontroller and are attached
with the clipper. The clipper is controlled by the DC motor.
The hand of the clipper is tied up with the rope of 90cm
and is inserted inside the hole manually. A Web camera
(5MP) is fixed in the arm facing the ground through which we
can view in PC and can come to know the status of the child
inside the well. Since it is not a night vision camera an LED
fixed with it. Once it is inserted the temperature sensor senses
the temperature of the environment and shows the result in the
LCD and then within a second the gas sensor detects the gas
and displays the result in LCD.
Viewing through the camera, with the help of remote
controller the clipper picks the child and the clipper holding
the child is pulled up manually to the land.
V. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The design of any system consists of Hardware
requirements and Software development. Hardware
requirement is focused on the components which are used for
designing the project and Software development is focused on
the coding which is loaded into the hardware.
Hardware development
The Smart and Safe child rescue system consists of
Atmel micro controller, temperature sensor, gas sensor, Motor
driver and remote controller and clipper. Clipper is the boon
of the system which pick and places the child with the help of
DC motor.
1. ATMEL MICRO-CONTROLLER
AT89C51 is a 8 bit microcontroller which has 4KB of
flash programmable and erasable read only memory
(PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and
program to a maximum of 1000 times.
In 40 pin AT89C51 there are four ports designated as P1,
P2, P3, and P0. They used for both input and output ports
except p0 which needs external pull-ups rest has internal pull-
ups. P0 and P2 are used to provide low and high byte
addresses when connected to external memory. AT89C51 has
an inbuilt UART for serial communication.
 2. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The LM35 is one kind of commonly used temperature
sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an
electric o/p comparative to the temperature (in degree
Celsius). It measures the temperature very correctly when
compare to the thermostat. It senses the high output voltage
than thermocouples and may not need that the output voltage
is amplified. It has an output voltage proportional to Celsius
temperature. The scale factor is .01v/deg C.
LM35 maintains the exactness of +/-o.4 deg C at room
temperature and +/-0.8 deg C over a range of 0 deg C to 100
deg C. It draws 60 micro amps from its supply and acquires a
low self-heating capacity.
The temperature sensor ranges from -55 deg C to 150
deg C and operates from 4V to 30V. The threshold value of
LM35 for child rescue system is 50 deg C.
3. GAS SENSOR
MQ series sensors use a small heater inside with an
electrochemical sensor in order to measure the different kind
of gases combination.
Here, MQ4 gas sensor is used which senses the methane
gas, natural gas and all hazardous gasses easily with the range
sensitivity from 300 to 10000ppm. It is low cost sensor and
can be easily plugged with the Arduino boards. The threshold
value for MQ4 is 500ppm.
4. DC MOTOR
In any electric motor operation is based on the simple
electromagnetism. A Current carrying conductor generates a
magnetic field; when it is placed in the external magnetic
field, it will experience a force proportional to the current in
the conductor and to the strength of external magnetic field.
In the magnet the opposite polarity (north and south)
attract while the like polarity (north and north, south and
south) repel. The internal configuration of the DC motor is
designed to harness the magnetic interaction between a
current-0 carrying conductor and an external magnetic field to
generate rotational motion.
The DC motor RF-500TB-14415 has an operating range
of 1.5 to 9 V. The RPM for this motor is 3100 r/min when no
load and 2540 r/min with load.
VI. WORKING
All the parts of the system are controlled manually
outside the borewell using 2 DPDT Switches(1 for rotating
DC motor clockwise and anticlockwise, 2 for the opening and
closing of the claws).
System is taken inside the borewell using pulley and
rope mechanism to reach up to the child by visualizing
through camera A/V output.
Child live position is captured through camera and
communication is done with the child with the help of mic
and an operational amplifier 7805.
The harness of the system used in two arms is very soft
so that it do not hurt the child while gripping.
The system is rotated using DC motor according to the
child position.
The child is gripped from suitable position and then the
system is taken out from the borewell by pulling the rope.
Hence, the child can be safely taken out from the
borewell using this mechanism.
VII.ADVANTAGES OVER THE EXISTING SYSTEM
1. Since the child is rescued from the existing hole itself the
rescue time will be much lesser than the conventional time so
that there is no need of digging the parallel hole beside the
existing hole.
2. High reliability
3. Video surveillance.
VIII. RESULT
All the objectives had been fulfilled successfully and
thus we are able to design a child rescue system to save live.
Child rescue system is designed with two arms, integrated
camera, LED lights, audio and video. The system is capable
of moving inside the borewell from the same hole and
perform the rescue operation. The digitally integrated camera
helps to view the position of the child. There is a mic in the
camera which helps to interact with the child. The photo of
our project is shown in fig.3. Thus the designed system is
helpful in saving the child trapped inside borewell. It can
replace all the old existing technology as it is safer and takes
very less time. Saving a life is a big task and we have
successfully made this project in order to rescue child in
future in lesser time. The existing technology was very much
costlier than the cost of our project. We have used the light
weighted servo motors so that the system is not heavy and
also it is precise.
IX. CONCLUSION
Human life is precious. Our bore well child recue system
is a significant attempt to save the life of the victim of bore
well accidents. Besides this, the unique capability of climbing
through vertical and inclined pipes makes wide scope of
application for this machine in manufacturing industries and
other relevant fields. In the current design of bore well child
saver machine has been made to suit every possible situation
may occur in rescuing operation. Further, we would like to
conclude that with the help of our project, we would be able
to rescue the child safely within short period of time.
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