Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

AP Calculus AB Assignments

Unit #7--Area

Assignment #1: Definite Integration

________________Page 278: 33-41 odd; Page 291: 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31; Page 305: 71, 73, 77

(Check your integrals with your calculator.)

Assignment #2: LRAM-RRAM-MRAM

________________ Handout

Assignment #3: Area Under a Curve

________________ Page 278: 13-21 odd, 23-31 odd; Page 291: 33-41 odd

Assignment #4: Area Under a Curve

________________Find the area bounded by the functions given.
1. y = x , y = 0, x = –3, x = 4 (25/2)
2. y = –x2 + 9 , y = 0, x = –4, x = 5 (24 2/3)
3. y = sin x , y = 0, x = –/2, x =  (3)
4. y = x2 + 2x – 4, y = 0, x = –5, x = 3 (set up only—do not evaluate)

Assignment #5: Area Between Curves

________________Page 452: 1-7 odd, 17, 19, 21

Assignment #6: More Area Between Curves-dy

________________Page 452: 23, 25, 27, 29, 31 (set up only), 35

Assignment #7: Absolute Value

________________Handout

Assignment #8: Average Value

________________Page 291: 47–50 all
Even Answers: 48: 16/3, x =  3 ; 50: 2/, x  0.881

Assignment #9: Trapezoidal Rule

________________Page 314: 1, 7, 9, 11 (Only Use Trapezoidal Rule)

Assignment #10: Review

_____________

Test
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
Topic: Definite Integral

Goal: Evaluate definite integrals using the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Indefinite Integral: 3

0
x 2 dx 

 f ( x)dx  F(x) + C
general antiderivative

Definite Integral: 0

3
x 2 dx 
b
a
f ( x)dx There are limits of
integration: a and b. a is the lower
limit and b is the upper limit.
2

The First Fundamental 

1
x 2 dx 
Theorem of Calculus

If f(x) is continuous on [a, b] and

F(x) is the antiderivative of f(x), then
1

a
b
f ( x)dx = F ( x)
b
= F(b) - F(a) 
0
x 2 dx 
a

Note: The result is a number!!!!!!

There is no interpretation of the 2

result. YET 
0
x 2 dx 

3

2
x 2 dx 

2
3
(6  x  x 2 )dx 

0
2
sin xdx 
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB


0
4
sec x tan xdx 

0
2
5sin 2xdx 

u=

du =

2  6 
1  3  2 dx 
 x 

2
2
( x 2  4)dx 

1
0
xdx 

0
2
cos xdx 
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
2
0
x 2 x3  1dx 

u=

du =

3
0
( x 3  4 x  1)dx 

0
4
tan x sec 2 xdx 

u=

du =

2
0
2 x( x 2  1)3 dx 

u=

du =


0
cos 2 xdx 

Assignment #1: Page 278: 33-41 odd; Page 291: 5, 9, 11, 15, 17, 19, 27, 29, 31; Page 305: 71, 73, 77
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Approximate Area Under a Curve

Goal: Approximate the area under a curve using LRAM, MRAM, RRAM (Reimmann Sums).

Approximating the Area Under a Curve

Rectangular Approximation Methods LRAM: Left Rectangular Approximation Method

a b
a b

MRAM: Midpoint Rectangular Approximation RRAM: Right Rectangular Approximation Method

a b a b
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

LRAM---RRAM---MRAM

Find the area of the curve bounded by y = 3x and the x-axis from x = 0 to x = 4 using n = 4 (note: this
denotes the number of rectangles.)

0 4

0 4

0 4
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Find the area of the curve bounded by

y = x3 + 3 and the x-axis from x = –2 to x = 2 using n = 4.

LRAM

RRAM

MRAM
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Use the table below to approximate the area under the curve using 3 equal intervals and LRAM, RRAM,
and MRAM.

x y
0 4
1 2
2 2
3 4
4 8
5 14
6 22

Assignment #2: Handout

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
LRAM, RRAM, MRAM—Reimman Sums

For the following functions, graph each function over the given interval. Find the approximate area bounded
by each equation and the x-axis using a)LRAM, b) RRAM, and c) MRAM with four subintervals of equal
length. For each, make a sketch of the rectangles associated with each method. Then, evaluate the definite
integral of the function for the given interval.

1. f ( x )  x  1,  0, 2
2

2. f ( x)  2 x,  0,1
3. f ( x )  sin x,   ,  

4. You and your companion are about to drive a twisty stretch of dirt road in a car whose speedometer
works but whose odometer is broken. To find out how long this particular stretch of road is, you record the
car’s velocity at 10-sec intervals, with the results in the table below. Estimate the length of the road using
three intervals of equal length (a) using left-endpoint values, (b) using right-endpoint values, and (c) using
midpoint values.
Time (sec) Velocity (converted to
ft/sec)
0 0
10 44
20 15
30 35
40 30
50 44
60 35

Page 279: 45 and 46

Answers
1. 3/2, 5/2, 2
2. 3/4, 5/4, 1
3. , ,  2
4. 900, 1900, 2460

46: (a) 64, (b) 236, (c) 136

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Area (Not Negative)

Goal: To find the area under a curve using definite integrals.

The area under a curve is Find the area bounded by y = x2 and the x-axis (y = 0) between x = 0
defined to be the integral and x = 1.
below:
b

 (upper -lower) dx
a

Note: Need an accurate

drawing of the function and
be able to identify the
bounded region.

Set up an integral to find the area under the curve

3 Set up an integral to find the area under the curve
of f(x) = , for –1 < x < 1.
x2 of y = 3 – x , for –3 < x < 3.

Find the area bounded by x-axis (y = 0) and y = 6 - x - x2.

Assignment #3: Hwk: Page 278: 13-21 odd, 23-31 odd and Page 291: 33-41 odd
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Area (Negative)

Goal: To find the area under a curve using definite integrals.

The area under a curve is Area bounded by y = sin x and the x-axis on the interval [0, ].
defined to be the integral
below:
b

 (upper -lower) dx
a

Note: Need an accurate

drawing of the function and
be able to identify the
bounded region.

What if I wanted the area on the interval from [0, 2]?

Set up an integral to find the area bounded by the function f(x) and the x-axis shown below. Then find the
area.
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Find the area bounded by the graph of y = x3–4x and the x-axis.

Find the area bounded by the graph of y = x2 – 3 and the x-axis, from x = –2 to x = 4.

Assignment #4: See Assignment Sheet.

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Area Between Two Curves

Goal: Find the area bounded by two curves.

The area under a curve is Find the area bounded by the graphs of y = 5, y = x2 – 4.
defined to be the integral
below:
b

 (upper -lower) dx
a

Note: Need an accurate

drawing of the function and
be able to identify the
bounded region.

Find the points of intersection

of the graphs.

Area enclosed by y = 2 – x2, and y = –x.

Area bounded by y = x + 6, y = x2, x = 0, and x = 2.

Assignment #5: Page 452: 1 – 7 odd, 17, 19, 21

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Area Between Two Curves

Goal: Find the area bounded by two curves.

The area under a curve is Area bounded on right by y = x – 2 on the left by x = y2 and below by
defined to be the integral the x-axis.
below:
d

 (right -left) dy
c

Note: Need an accurate

drawing of the function and
be able to identify the
bounded region.

Find the points of intersection

of the graphs.

Find the area bounded by x = 4 – y2 and the y-axis.

Find the area bounded by x = 10 – y2 and the line x = 1.

Assignment #6: Page 452: 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 35

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Extra Practice if Needed

Area Worksheet

Find the region bounded by the graphs in each problem.

1. y = x2 – 2x and y = x Answer: 9/2

2. y = x2 and y = –x2 + 4x Answer: 8/3

3. y = 7 – 2x2 and y = x2 + 4 Answer: 4

4. the x–axis, y = –x2 – 2x, between x = –3 and x = 2 Answer: 28/3

5. the x–axis, y = 3x2 – 3, between x = –2 and x = 2 Answer: 12

6. the x–axis, y = x3 – 3x2 + 2x, 0 < x < 2 Answer: 1/2

7. the x–axis, y = x3 – 4x, –2 < x < 2 Answer: 8

8. y = 1, y = cos2x, 0 < x <  Answer: /2

9. x = y3 and x = y2 Answer: 1/12

10. x = 2y2 – 2y and x = 12y2 – 12y3 Answer: set up-only or (1765)/(1296)

11. y = 2x2 and y = x4 – 2x2 Answer: 128/15

12. y = x2 and y = –2x4 , –1 < x < 1 Answer: 22/15

13. on the left by y = x, below by y = x2/4, above by y = 1 Answer: 5/6

14. y = x2, x + y = 2 , and the x–axis Answer: 5/6

15. y = 2x – x2, y = –3 Answer: 32/3

16. y = 2sinx and y = sin 2x, 0 < x <  Answer: 4

17. y = sec2x y = tan2x, x = –/4, and x = /4 Answer: /2

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Absolute Value

Goal: Evaluate integrals with absolute values.

An accurate graph will make 5

it a lot easier to setup and

Evaluate  1
x dx
evaluate the integrals needed.

2
0
2 x  3 dx

3
2
3  x dx

5
3
x 2  4 dx

Assignment #7: Absolute Value Handout

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Absolute Value Integration

2 3
1
1. 2
x dx 2.  x dx
1
3.  x  2 dx
2

4 5 6

4.  x  1 dx
0
5.  x  2 dx 6.  x  3 dx
5
2

5 1 3

 2 x  1 dx  1  x dx x  1 dx
2
7. 8. 9.
3 1 3

1. 5/2 2. 5/2 3. 17/2

4. 5 5. 9/2 6. 73/2

7. 65/2 8. 1 9. 44/3
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Average Value

Goal: Find the average value over an interval.

If f is integrable on the closed Find the average value of f(x) = 3x2 –2x on the interval [1, 4].
interval [a, b], then the
average value of f on the
interval is

1 b
b  a a
f ( x )dx

Find the average value of f(x) = cos x on the interval [0, /2].

Assignment #8: Page 291: 47-50 all

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB

Topic: Trapezoidal Rule

Goal: Approximate the area under a curve using the trapezoidal rule.

Formula for the area of a

1
trapezoid is: A = h(b1+b2).
2

Use the trapezoid rule with four trapezoids to approximate the area under each curve.

4
 0
x 2  1dx

x y

x 1 4 6 10 15
f(x) 5 12 15 20 22

Assignment #9: Page 314: 1, 7, 9, 11 (Only Use Trapezoidal Rule)

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
Unit #7 Review

Find the total area of the region with the given boundaries. Include a graph for each problem and SHADE
the appropriate region. Show all work—every step.

1. Find the area bounded by the graphs of y = x2 and y = x .

1
2. Find the area bounded by the graphs of y = x, y = 2 , and x = 2.
x
3. Find the area bounded by the graphs of x = y2 + y and x = y3. Set up Only
5 
4. Find the area bounded by the graphs of x = sin y and x = cos y, y =  , and y = .
4 4
8

  3x  1 dx if n = 4 using:
3
5. Approximate
0

LRAM: RRAM: MRAM: TRAP:

Evaluate the following integrals

2 5

6. 
4
x 2  4 dx 7.  2 x  1 dx
2

 /3 5 / 6

8. 
0
cos 2 xdx 9.  0
sin 2 xdx

Graph the function. Find its average value over the given interval. At what point or points in the given
interval does the function assume its average value?

10. f  x   2 x on  0, 6
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
Answers

Find the total area of the region with the given boundaries. Include a graph for each problem and SHADE
the appropriate region. Show all work—every step.

1. Find the area bounded by the graphs of y = x2 and y = x.

1 1
2 3 x3 1
 x  x dx  x 2  
2

0
3 3 0 3

1
2. Find the area bounded by the graphs of y = x, y = , and x = 2.
x2

2 2
1 x2 1
1 x 2
x  dx  
2 x1
1

3. Find the area bounded by the graphs of x = y2 + y and x = y3.

Points of intersection: y 2  y  y 3  y 3  y 2  y  0
1 5
 y ( y 2  y  1)  0  y  0 and y 
2
1 5
0 2

 y 3  ( y 2  y ) dy   ( y 2  y )  y 3dy
1 5 0
2
Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
5 
4. Find the area bounded by the graphs of x = sin y and x = cos y, y =  , and y = .
4 4

 3
Points of intersection: sin y  cos y  ,
4 4
3 

4 4

5
 sin y  cos ydy   cos y  sin ydy
3
 
4 4
3 

  cos y  sin y 4
5  sin y  cos y 4
3 3 2
 
4 4

  3x  1 dx if n = 4 using:
3
5. Approximate
0

LRAM: 2[1 + 25 + 193 + 649] = 1736 x y

0 1
RRAM: 2[25 + 193 + 649 + 1537] = 4808 2 25
4 193
6 649
8 1537

MRAM: 2[4 + 82 + 376 + 1030] = 2984

x y
1 4
3 82
5 376
7 1030

TRAP: (1/2)2[1 + 2(25) + 2(193) + 2(649) + 1537] = 3272

Unit #7: Area AP Calculus AB
Evaluate the following integrals
2

x  4 dx
2
6.
4

2 2

x  4dx    x 2  4dx
2

4 2
2 2
x3  x3 64
  4x   4x 
3 4
3 2
3

7.  2 x  1 dx
2

1
2 5

 2 x  1dx   2 x  1dx
2 1
2

1/ 2 5 53
  x2  x  x2  x 
2 12 2

 /3  /3
x sin 2 x  3
8. 
0
cos 2 xdx 
2

4 0
 
6 8

5 / 6 5 / 6
x sin 2 x 5 3
9.  0
sin 2 xdx 
2

4 0
 
12 8

Graph the function. Find its average value over the given interval. At what point or points in the given
interval does the function assume its average value?

10. f  x   2 x on  0, 6 6 1 6
3
1 1 3
12 2
 
6 0
(2 x ) 2
dx  2 x 2 
18 0 18

3
12 2 123 1 123
2x   2x  2  x   2
18 18 2 18