Instituto Politécnico

Nacional
Escuela Superior de Ingeniería
Mecánica y Eléctrica
Unidad Ticomán

SISTEMAS DE MOTORES DE COMBUSTION

INTERNA

Práctica de laboratorio en B-727

Alcántara Vargas Bruno

Grupo: 6AV1

Objetivo
Conocer y efectuar el procedimiento necesario para el encendido de los motores del B-727
desde la cabina de pilotos.

Cabina del Boeing 727

La cabina del B-727 cuenta con tres principales lugares, donde se encuentra el piloto el
copiloto y uno más donde se encontraría el ingeniero de vuelo. Este último tendría la
función de analizar las características de la aeronave en vuelo así como como antes y
después de este. Y en el caso de nuestra practica a realizada, una función importante en el
encendido de los motores del avión. Hoy en día ya no se cuenta con ingenieros de vuelo,
debido a que todos los sistemas se encuentran computarizados.

After Start Check List

Flight engineers lower panel
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 'A' PUMPS ON
Switch the hydraulic pumps on Cycle pumps off then on one at a time to check pressure
GROUND INTERCONNECT CLOSED
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM 'B' PUMPS ONE ON
Check that one 'B' pumps is switched on
QUANTITIES CHECK
PRESSURES CHECK
CHECK FUEL BOOST PUMPS ON
Check that all fuel boost pumps are switched ON and all low press. Lights are extinguished
Check the indicated fuel tank temperature. If the fool temperature indicates 0 degrees
Celsius or less, fuel heat on all operating engines for one (1) minute.
Flight engineers upper panel
AC METERS SELECTOR GEN NO. 1
Check frequencies and volts; adjust frequency to 400 Hz and check sync. Lights flashing
together.
ESSENTIAL POWER NO.1
GENERATOR BREAKER NO. 1 CLOSE
AC METERS SELECTOR GEN NO.2
Check frequencies and volts; adjust frequency to 400 Hz and check sync. Lights flashing
together.
ESSENTIAL POWER NO.2
GENERATOR BREAKER NO.2 CLOSE
AC METERS SELECTOR GEN NO.3
Check frequencies and volts; adjust frequency to 400 Hz and check sync. Lights flashing
together.
ESSENTIAL POWER NO.3
GENERATOR BREAKER NO.3 CLOSE
TURN REMAINING HYDRAULIC 'B' PUMP ON
After the hydraulic 'A' pumps are ON, check that all pumps are ON, and quantities and
pressures are normal.
Overhead Panel

Starting Engines Check List

Disconnect air and/or external power
Check that all ground equipment is removed

Normal startup sequence is to start-up engine No. 1 and engine No. 2 during push and No.
3 after completion of the the push-out with the parking brake set.
If you taxi out with only two engines running and start-up the remaining engine later, do
not start it up any later than three minutes before takeoff.
Flight engineers lower panel
DOOR LIGTHS OUT
HYDRAULIC 'A' PUMPS OFF
GROUND INTERCONNECT SWITCH CLOSED
Overhead Panel
BEACON/NAV LIGHTS ON
Flight engineers upper panel
PACKS OFF
Flight engineers lower panel
FUEL SYSTEM SET FOR START
Verify all fuel vales to open and switch ALL boost pumps to on
PNEUMATICS/DUCT PRESSURE SET______PSI
Desired pressure is 30-45 PSI
If pressure is below 30 PSI a start may be attempted. The engine should closely prevent a
hung or a hot start.
Overhead Panel
START SWITCH GROUND
Crew announcements will be heard “Number 1/2/3 to ground”
Check that engine oil pressure rises on flight engineers panel
“Oil pressure rising” followed by “N2”, “19 percent”
After N2 reaches 20% desired, 15% minimum and there is an N indication: “N1”
Pedestal
START LEVER START
Crew announcement confirming “EGT”
AT 35% N2 START SWITCH OFF
Check that the start switch on the overhead panel for the respective engine is moved to
off and the protective cap is closed

Before Starting Engines Check List

THROTTLES

Make sure throttles are closed/at idle thrust CLOSED

START LEVERS

Reassure that start levers are switched to cutoff CUTOFF

BRAKE AND PRESSURES PARKED AND CHECKED

 PNEUMATIC BRAKE PRESSURE APPROX. 1200 PSI

 HYDRAULIC BRAKE PRESSURE MIN. 2100 PSI

AILERON AND RUDDER TRIM FREE AND ZERO

Check that both aileron and rudder trim are free and set to zero

FUEL PANEL AND QUANTITY SET_______ LBS AND CHEKED

 ENGINE FUEL SHUTOFF VALVES OPEN

 FUEL QUANTITY TOTAL QUANTITY
 FUEL DISTRIBUTION CHECK
 CROSSFEED VALVES SET

Switch the cross feed valves 1&3 to closed and No. 2 to open
-NO. 1 AND NO.3 CLOSED

-NO. 2 OPEN

 BOOST PUMPS OFF

HYDRAULIC PANEL AND QTY…. SET AND CHECKED

-SYSTEM 'A' PUMPS SWITCHES ON

-SYSTEM 'B' PUMPS SWITCHES ONE ON

One system B pumps (electrical powered pumps) should be switched on the other one is
switched off
-HYDRAULIC QUANTITIES A, B
AND STANDBY CHECK
Check that hydraulic quantities are within limitations
ENGINE OIL QUANTITY CHECKED

Conclusiones

La práctica realizada en la cabina del B-727 fue un ejemplo del arranque de los 3 motores del
avión, se hizo una simulación de cómo sería el arranque en un vuelo; se trataba de una serie de
pasos a seguir para el correcto encendido y el ejemplo de que pasaría si no se pusiera en marcha
un motor o si alguno de los pasos no se realizara correctamente.

Un punto importante a destacar es el uso de un panel de control del ingeniero de vuelo que en el
pasado era necesario para un vuelo; sabemos que ahora hay solo dos lugares de control en la
cabina: la del piloto y la del copiloto, ya que ahora se ha computarizado la mayoría de los sistemas
de un avión y que el ingeniero de vuelo ahora es obsoleto.