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soklong or
suklang – a
round basket
woven either
of rattan or
bamboo strips
and worn over
the crown of
the head or at
the back.
Sometimes wings
are added to the
basic C‐shape.
Another version has
projections
depicting the head
of some horned
animals.
Sometimes beads
and shells are
attached to these
ear ornaments.
Huge metal
pendants are also
worn.
Worn almost
exclusively at
sacrifices offered in
connection with
headhunting is a ring
made of two tusks of
a wild boar called the
tangkil.
Attached to the tangkil is a tuft of human hair (possibly from a
slain enemy) intertwined with a few strips of rattan. These
armlets are worn during headhunting ceremonies.
To attach the
shell, it is
perforated in
the center and a
string is passed
through the
opening made.
For special ceremonies,
Bontoc males wear a
necklace composed of
crocodile teeth called
boaya.
So precious and rare
are these teeth that,
when these are lacking,
boar’s tusks or shell cut
in the form of teeth are
substituted.
The boaya is associated with headhunting rites. It was worn by Bontoc
males denoted headhunter status. Aside from decorative value, the
teeth were said to contain talismanic power.
Prevalent
among the
Bontoc are
chokers worn
tight around the
neck formed
from a series of
lingling‐o called
balituk.
MEN
The men wear G‐strings in their
homes or fields.
The ceremonial loincloth or a
beaded G‐string is called dinega
and is woven by the women in
backstrap loom.
For special occasions they will
wear a small beaded jacket
(koton) and cape (tapit) to go
with their dinega.
WOMEN
• While at home or going to
the lowlands, the Gaddang
women wear skirts of
commercial cloth. But for
special occasion, they wear
their native woven skirts.
• For ceremonies, they use a
burasi, a native woven
jacket to go with their
similarly woven skirts.
The rich Gaddang
female wears on her
head a beaded
headband called a
galantia with the pagi,
a double strand of
beads.
She may also put many
strands of beads called
malada or tifulan on
top.
The barangal.
Bead decorated
red turban for
the Gaddang
male.
The Gaddang hangs around his neck a sayay, a decorative shoulder
bag where he places several small objects such as betel nut and lime
containers.
Headband
ensemble called
the galantia
Gaddang men &
women use a
colorfully
embroidered and
beaded bag to store
tobacco, a pipe,
earrings and other
small items. The
handles are copper
rings.
The bag is tucked in
the G‐string or sash.
It hangs down as a
counterweight.
Gaddang tangkil
Gaddang tangkil
Gaddang boaya
MEN
• The Ifugao G‐string, called
wanno, is long enough to be
wound around the waist two or
three times.
• It is worn high and tight, its
ends hanging loose in front and
at the back, usually reaching to
or below the knees.
• The loose end in front is called
“dayude”, the one in the back is
called iwatan (tail).
• The most dramatic of all
Ifugao headdresses is
the kango or yang
ngoh.
• It is worn by the
kadangyan (elite) males
for weddings and
funerals.
• The yang ngoh was a
highly cherished
heirloom inherited by the
first son.
• It was worn at his
marriage (the bride
wearing the brass
figurine called
dungdung).
• Ifugao men tuck
woven pouches
or bags called
the botong /
butung into
their G‐strings.
• Another neck
ornament greatly
favored for its
beauty and rarity
is the
pangalapang.
• Six or seven large
trapezoidal pieces
of cut shell are
strung together
to form a choker.
• The women also wear the trapezoidal cut shell ornament of the
males called pangalapang.
• On their wrists
are often
found the
heavy, spiral‐
wound copper
bracelets
called giniling.
• The Ilongots have much
contact and freely
intermarry with this pygmy
group.
• Their skin color can vary
from saffron brown to
chocolate brown to almost
black.
• Heavy beard are frequently
evident.
• Made of woven
fiber or string, it
has a tapered
structure with tiny
tufts of red cotton
thread.
• Sometimes,
horsehair is added
to the apex of the
tapered end.
• Another headgear
variation is a red
kerchief with fine
embroidery, white
horsehair and tuft
wool.
• This acts as a turban
completely covering
the hair.
Balangal
• Men and
women
wear the
calipan,
small
circular
shell
earrings
dangling
from metal
loops on
pieced
ears.
• These ear ornaments have carefully etched or
scratched patterns that are rubbed in black ink
or dye.
• On the necks are found
many stiff coils of rattan
wound over with
extremely fine brass
wire.
• On one wrist, wealthy
women wear one large,
long copper‐coiled
bracelet. These are
tighter coiled and much
longer than the Ifugao
examples.
• Brass pendants are
also used.
• Flat sheets of brass
or copper are cut
into ovals and / or
fishtail forms and
grouped together
like charms.
Small, well‐
matched cowries
hold special
significance for
the Ilongot.
• On the legs are found
delicately crafted
calflets.
• Thin bands of wound
brass wire are
interspersed at regular
intervals with small,
white evenly‐matched
cowries.
These are only worn by men at feasts and during head‐
taking ceremonies.
On the waist are
sometimes found
elaborate bras
belts.