P. VERGILI MARONIS AENEIDOS LIBER QVARTVS RG. AUSTIN OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESSOxford University Pra, Walton Stet, Osjrdox2 bor Cnferd Now York Torte Da Sony Cet Matar Keres KasleLampat Shgepre Hone Keng Tol "aia Dar ota Che Toon” ‘Mime auchons Mound Oxford ina ade markefOnjod Univerty Pret Publ in the Unie Stason by Oxford Unwety Pr I Be York (© Oxford Unierty Pr 1958 int iad in opera 19 Aba ened Nero hs biation nay berated sted nara te ot wana a orale wean ‘Sihet pir eran eting of Oxo Urseraty Pe sre Rep art ad map fn fet Be Deru rca neta isin es, pred “nd te Copa, Des nd Pande 088 oi ero "pain ar ae of ret ‘oradacin owe hae tet note Sunes fod Se ‘on te Rigs Deptt Oxford Cac Pro sods ele his hohe to te camdtion tai shal mt, wy ofsrad or thea ed edt ot aera eed ier tha at ee i pledge ae ‘eluding ths condition being impor onthe absegeent perchaye Brit Library Coaloping in Pian Data ‘Dat vale Library of Come Catalog Pubcon Date (Anal (Bok) P Yere arn dei, Erie. ti dunn 'e 6, itor Baeadi as ISBN miss72101-9 Primed in Great Brain mace ape Booker a id? Mer Noon PREFACE ‘Taz plan of this edition originated in @ course of lectures ‘which I gave to pass-degree students at University College, (Carcf, n ro48. T felt then that there was room fora con mentary which should try to show something of Virgil's ‘method, thought, and art toa typeof student for which the ‘existing editions were not designed. Modern conditions are so diferent from the od that a fresh approach seems needed in many matters that once were taken for granted; in particular, the clasical background of such students read- ing is now much more limited, and asa rae they know litle Greek, often none at all; they understand but litle of the ‘music of the Latin hexameter, regarding ‘scansion’ 25.2 higher mystery, largely because they have never had the opportunity of constracting verses, however unpottc; and they have often been taught by those who are similacly hhandicapped. They need to be reminded that Latin litera ‘re is not something hermetically sealed, but i elated to other literatures that form part of many degree courses. ‘They need to be shown Virgil as a poet, witha poet's mind, not 26 4 mere quarry for examiners. On the otber hand, so much loving care has been spent in recent years on the study of Latin usage in general and of Virgin style in particular, that in many ways something new is needed als0 by the young university student who is eager ana adie f0 ‘read Virg with ral scholarship and discrimination, Za this edition, Fhave tried to be useful to both clases, and I hope ‘hat in tempting this T have not fallen between fv stools, ‘The cificulty that confronts = commentator on Ving is fs much that of what to omit as of what to include: a8 the ‘wise Quintilian remarks, ‘inter virtutes grammatic! habe- bitur aigua nescire'. Thave tried not to overiond this book ‘with detail, and have peeferred to indicate where discussion* PREFACE of minutiae may be found rather than to list and evaluate other people's views, except where it seemed to me really necessary to do so. Everyone vill notice omissions of this and thai point, or of reference ta this or thet book. Again, fon some matters @ definite opinion is impossible: Virgil Jooks so dtforent as our moods change. Anatole France did swell to remark that nothing isles probable than that two ren in the sume country have an absolutely similar impees sion of line of Vigil. If some rather elementary points of metre or prosody appear to have been stressed too much, or to be oversimplified, it is because I know something of, the dificuties thatthe modern stadent finds in such things; but I have dealt also with certain subtleties of Vigan metre for those more advanced readers whg may care for them. owe a very special debt of thanks to Me. G. W. Wiliams, Follow of Ballo, for constant simolating criticism and for ‘ringing to my ‘notice much that would otherwise have escaped me. Professor W. S. Watt, of the University of Aberdeen, has given me valuable help on many points, The patience of Miss Elizabeth Thomas, of University College, Cardiff, tas saved me from many careless references. But without the receptive minds of my Cardif’ students this ‘dition would never have been begun, RGA August 1954 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION text COMMENTARY APPENDIX (OVID, HEROIDES VEN) INDEXES 3s 303INTRODUCTION Malet reucrend Viegi of latine postis prince, Gem of iogyne, and fade of eloquence, Thou perles pire, patton of poetry. os, egiser palma, lavrere, and glory CChosineoarbulil, eke? Houro and Cet te, Lanterne lade stsme, myrour, abd a per Matster of malate, svete sours od springend wally ‘Wide qubare ouer all gis thyme nesini bel [Gav Dovatas, Prface tothe Aeneid ‘Dre study of Virgil brings with it the richest of all the rewards that Lata has for is initists, and within that study the Fourth Book of the encid holds special place [might have been omitted, with no apparent lacuna in the pie theme, But if Ving had not writen ie and set i here he Gi, the Aeneid would have remained forever within the ‘penumbra of mgth: for it sin this book that he tells ofthe ‘ost real of iuman experiences, without romanticizing it ot in any way hiding its painfol wounds. His Dido and his ‘Aeneas area woman and aman in love: and long after the ‘tragic tale has nun its course, the pity of it echoes through all Asneas’ life and actions, So that it is never possible to think of him as any other but the man whom Dido had loved, and who, despite himself and despite his destiny, haa Joved Dido. Te isa book which in the last resort must be Interpreted by its readers in thoic secret hearts, without the chilling guide of what Dryden calls comewhese ‘pedantic pains’, As one read i and reads it again, ite power and te feality grove always clearer and stronger, If Virgl had ‘written nothing alse but this tale of “Dido of Carthage Aloure and lampe of Tyre’, it would have established his Fight to stand beside the greatest of the Greek tragedians, ‘not only in his frm and undinching expression of & bitterx INTRODUCTION ‘moral condict, nt only in the pity and fear with which he accomplishes his catharsis of our emotions, not oaly ia the noble simplicity of his conception, but also inthe veconomia, of his plot and the inexorabilty ofits onvard movement, ‘Areadér who comes tit forthe fist time, knowing nothing of what i tobe unfolded i its pages, must be stirred as on a frst reading of Antigone or Otello; and in Vie’ tale his, heart is riven and his conscience torn by a situation that for all its heroic outlines is yet within the bounds of credible human experiance. Thomas Hardy, in The Woodlandes, esenbes his Little Hintock as a place where, sequestered thou i yas, from time to time, dramas ofa grandeur and ‘unity truly Sophoclean ave enacted inthe Fel, by virtve of the canosntrated passions and elossly-imit interdependence ofthe lives therein’, The tragedy of Dido's passion might, in esentils, occur at any time in the Little Hintocks of today. The book must be taken in its setting. In the First Book, Dido has succoured the shipwrecked Trojans. She has al- ‘ready heard of Aeneas by epute, and when at last she meets him, het heart goes out to him, for she too has been driven las from home: ie quogue per staltos sis fortuna labores (Getatam he dersum volt consitere fr, on ignara mali migerssaccurrare tno, ‘There and then Aeneas, “come to Parad, out ofthe swolow of hele" as Chaucer puts it, tells Dido the tale of the sack. of Troy, so that its though her eyes that we se his sifer- tng. At the opening of the Fourth Book hi ale is done, and she is lor Angos her hurt hath pite of his wo ‘and, with ehae pits, lov com in ale, [And when her passion has run its course to its end upon the pyre of her own building, and Aeneas sails away to fall ‘what the gods think ft, he has had his hour of happiness INTRODUCTION * ‘with her and let it go for ever. Dic alter eis: the Book _sves us the one glimpse that we are allowed to see of him 4 he might have been a chapter in hig life has closed, but his memories never lave him. Tn the Sixth Book, he meets hnererim ghost in the Exgentes Cams, the “Broken-Heartea Fields’ a5 Flecker calls them, and there he pleads urgently ‘with her, but she wil have none of him, and he cans concuat inigyo prosequitur larimansfonge e miseratureoster. Long afterwards it was to Dido that his thoughts turned, In the bitter moment when his fiend Evander's young so Pallas lay dead in his cause, and on the boy's body be seta noble garen: that she had once made for him, lela Jaboruom (x. 73): those two words should help vs to under ‘stand what Aoneas had renounced in gaining his Taly ‘The opening of the book shows Dido, sleepless and ganized seeking comfort and advice from Anna: at #3 end wwe se her dying on the pyre, with Anna at her side doing all that a sister's tendemess could do to ease the sharpest of death. Between this fst sane and the last Anna takes no direct part; no human agency could save Dido from the swift current of her destiny yet Anna's presence is felt throughout, and Dido's tragedy is shown as a family sorrow ‘The tenseness ofthe opening is never far relaxed in all that follows. Dido ears from Anna the advice that abe has hoped to hear, despite hersell; she takes it, bet she gains ro peace, and it is with the knowledge of her heightened passion that we presently listen to the two mocking god- estes, Jono and Venus, agreing aot to quarrel over the victim of thei sport. Thete follows the dazzling briliance of the meet, a single splendid moment of wralloyed happi ness a8 Dido and Aeneas ride out in company’ and then, the storm, and the uncanay elemental witnesses to their tion in the cave. The scene changes aow, and we hear the gosip tbost them, cared by Ramoar on Ber purposefalxi INTRODUCTION course until she reaches the one person who can do them. ‘both most harm, Iarbas. In all this, and in Tacbas” haughey, angry prayer to Jupiter, as well sin Jupiter's swift reaction to it in sending Mercury with a peremptory message to ‘Aeneas (here Visgit depicts Jupiter's masculine decision a4 unerringly as he has shown the femininity of the two goddesses), we are made aware ofthe inelnctable forces that ontrol the lives of men. We are reminded alzo that no rman can escape responsibility for his own actions. Dido has tempted Aeneas, and Aeneas has fallen, and both must sufer the consequence. So the stage is st for the harsh Confict of wil between them as they mect face to face. The tension rises as Dido speaks to Aeneas, and i is not relaxed while Aeneas replies, for beneath all his formal coldness he ss tepressed and strained to breaking point; and then there Js a forther heightening in the wild fury of Dido's second spetch, with its climax as she faints and i carried away. In the zest of the book we witness the ebb and ow of her resolution: er miserable’ attempt to gan time to be “schooled to sorrow, then her realization that all hope has gone, then the dim groping of the magic ritual, in which ‘Dido bas eft the real word for the shadows of supernatural horror, then her weakening as she wearily argues with her- self, until she comes once more to sae that death alone can, end her misery, irrationally blaming Anea for it all, nally retuming to her consciousness of wrong done to Sychaeus. ‘Virgil then quickly shows us Aeneas, jolted into horrified haste by a second waming from Mercury. Dido, watching his depacture, rises fret toa wid incoherent fey, then— how rapidly her moods change—she collects herself to eal- culated, purposeful utterance as ste sets the curse of Car- thage upon the race of Troy. So we are brought to the ddeath-agony on the pyre, preceded by her proud farewell to lie, and to the last scene where Anna and she are together once more, until her soul slips gently away into the shelter of the winds. INTRODUCTION xt Virgt planned the book on dear firm lines. He knew ‘what he meant his Dido to be; Tam sure that he was not ‘aken by surprise and confounded by his own creation, as, has been suggested. She is drawn plainly from the outset, Impulsive, oving, lonely, bewildered, and always passionate, ‘Vurgl develope her character woth unfaltering oand, 2nd, as Sellar noted nearly eighty years ago, she ‘grows mare and, ore eal as ber passion deepens’. She is at the mercy of any changing moods,' with the quiet voice of conscience sever wholly stile, always halfafraid of calamity, hoping against hope that all will yet be well. She never quite casts ‘Aeneas from her; even when she sees that he is inflexible, ‘she makes a last bid for his pity through Anna} and when that falls, when she is driven out of her mind by strange ‘sions of her dead husband and by terrifying dreams of her living lover, when she preparesher magicrte,sounwilingy, for Anna's deception, she stl haf-pretends shat itis all t0 vwin him back. Evan when sho has rsolved to die, she yet retreats, though retreat is useless, and ahe knows ie At the last, aftr all her furious anger, she sil thinks of him with tenderness, in thote noble moments when she ion the pyr, ‘Virgil aowhece conceals his pity for her, and he meant Ais readers to share it with him: and they have always done so ‘The story of Dido has haunted the imagination of Earope, raving fears from saints and sinners, from St. Augustine in ‘he fourth century as fom Anatole Francein the twentith.* It he tad really meant his contemporaries to see in her 2 mere picture of Cleopatra, as some aald, could he have ‘wished this, o achieved it? Yet he does'not hide Dido's faalts. She breaks her word to Syehaess, 2 thing which ‘hough no fault to modern minds, was yet an offence ageinet the older and more austere traditions of Rome. She deceives, 1 eyes, Dalian of he Aon 2 ofthe £808 aon, #72, condom, Vist m English Por, a Te Diino Ltrs (oxsed, S323ay aNTRODUCTION her soothsayers, and the old woman who had been Sychaeus’ nurse, and her sister Anna herself. She is proud inher power, and it isthe Blow to her pride that nurts her in. Aeneas” desertion. She can see how Aeneas has shattered her whole life, but she cannot see how she has shattered his. ABOVE all, Virgil shows her plainly as a temptress of the desh, dominated by passion, Sercely possessive. Yet he pities het, and his sorrow transcends her weaknesses. He racks us with her misery, and we remember nothing st the lat but her nobility. ‘Tt is one ofthe signs of a great writer’, Professor L. C. Knights once observed in a paper on Antony and Clenpatra,* ‘that he can afford to evoke sympathy or even admiration for what, in his final judgment, is discarded ot condemned.” Virgd could afford this in Dido. But if she was clearly conceived in Virgil's mind from the first, s0 too was his Aeneas. We do not see him as we se6 Dido, Har dzoct prosence dominates the book: his character js shown for the ost part obliquely, either in some sign feant word (ef, 28, 291, 393). of y inference from his wn repression (cf, 332. 360). For much ofthe tima ws se him through the eyes of others—through those of Dido herself, {through the distorted and distorting vision of Fama, throug ‘he anery gibes of Tarbas, through Jupiter’s curt displeasure, through he unsuccessful mission of Anna, He appears in person at the meet, in all the price of his heroic beauty at Carthage, heppy and bosy with the building of the city, ‘when Mercury comes to shatter all his new Lie; in the great contral scene where he answers Dido's appeal: in his hurried flight Srom Carthage. He does not question obudience to Mercury's command, yet hie fret thought is how least to hhurt Dido in obeying, and inthe end a seeand warning from heaven is need before he carries oxt his eslve, Although Virgil tells us explicitly how Dido interpreted the strange ‘marvage-rtual in the eave (272), he says nothing there of mS 000.3 ea: Cowes erences Man Pubs INTRODUCTION ~ Aeneas’ view of it, and it is only in his single speech to Dido (333-61) that he is permitted any direct revelation of himself Tt is from that Speech alone, taken at its surface appearance, that he is generally judged, and yet even there Ini actual words do not tel ws ll his thoughts. Ihave tried toshow in my commentary something ofthe vibrant under. ‘currents of tension in this speech, which i€ i only wilful to Jgnore, Dido never finds it dificult to let her desires over- come her conscience, but Aeneas’ desires are as strong, and Ins victory over them is hardly won: the speech is eloquent fof 2 conflict which, for him, was harder than anything that Dido had known, and the famous words a pus Aeneas (393), in which Virgil shows his victory, contain all the anguish of hic resignation to the unexplained and unexplainable bid- ding of God. He loved Dido, and had not been strong tough to withstand tho temptation that she brought. The srlace picture that Virgil has draw of him cannot but rake ns shocked at his cmduct; and the shock is so heavy that we forget to see that Dido's fault, in her conduct towards him, was as grave as his. Viegl shows Aeneas as a rman puzzled and hurt by the problem of pain, not anly the pain that he suffers bat the pain thet he infcts; he bas shown Anna, and even Iarbas, caught in similar bewider- ment, though les pitifully. Dryden did well to writ ic his grave way 'T doubt there was a fault somewhere, and TTupiter i better able to bear the blame than either Virgil or Aenest' For where did the fault ie, if not with thelr ars! se god who have allowed Dido to be deceived and betrayes are the same gods who have alowed Aeneas to be tempted and to fall. His hurt, in ite own way. as tebe as hers, and if Viegl awakes our pty for her, a8 he does, we should let him awake pityin us for Aeneas also. We must nat forget their last meeting in the Shades. Dido had Sychaeus ‘there to turn to, and he answer'd all her cares, and equal’d aller love"; but Aeneas had lost her ashe had lost Cres, * Detesion of the Armes, 17.ai INTRODUCTION before; and, later, when Lavinia came to him, it was in sorrow that she came: he nowhere found human comfort or forgiveness in his hard and bitter pata, which he had himself ‘matte the more grievous by the consequence of his own act (© he mind, mind has mountaine: elie of fall Frights sowmanathowed. Hold them ches May who acer hung there eae edema Se Talisec oer ht wet nha teand Sone GPS A ath SESS Sone Re eh state an ital, ae SSS pee en joven StS, Os Au i nie end Wagan ELST ene SCR gee Sees Sekt eS Se STA arent hectare i Si Sia eine Pecntiecieeditaencoereml oes Sin SV Raararaie es LSet 2 Roa ae, Sere ro ta ene ran at aero ae Sa eae op 8 INTRODUCTION it untouched and unperplexed and untarmanted by its enig Imatic gods, We can grieve for Apollonius’ Medea or for CCatullos’ Ariadne, as we tur the page; but Dio steps from ‘the page and is with ws always. “Quid enim miseins misero on miserante se ipsum tt fente Didonis moresm, quae fiebet amando Aensen, non flente autem mortem suam, ‘ase fedst non amando te, deus, lumen cordis mei et panis tors intus animae mese et virtas macitans mentem meam et ‘Sum copitationis eae so wept St Augustine, more than Siteen hundred years ago,' and in our own day young poet, Sidney Keyes, lille in the Afciean eampaiga in 7943, interpreted the aacient get He naver loved the seney ofthe ua ‘Nor the clear sean He come wit hero's arms and ballak’y eyes ‘said of aothag but bis sagging gods Fe never loved ttn bollow-nwaing beaches Nor ested easly in carven beds “The smoke blows over the breakers, the high pyre walt, His mind was Bank wall throwing exhocs, Not halt eo subele aa the coling fares ‘Heraaver loved my wild ayes aor the pigeons Tnnabiting my grees In preparing this edition, [have purposely consulted (ow commentaries and few boaks about Virgil. As Mackssl well ‘remark, in the preface to his edition of the deneia (Oxtord, 193), commentaries can be smimoderately swollen, "som timidity, and because the writer is afraid of the charge of not seeming to be aware’ of what has been written on the point by others’. The wasmth of Mack's edition grows conctastly upoa the reader, and it isrich in wisdom. Thave vused Heyne-Wagner (4th edition, Leipaig and London, Sk ng, Conf 13 * From The Coltcnd Poona of Siey Keys (Rovtiadae, 1943 v4 Phated by peraison of Sean, Rowtedgh and Kegan Palevi INTRODUCTION 1830-41), a clasic of the clasies which i always a delight tohandle, James Henry's deveides (London Dublin-Mets- sen, 1873-92) has been fascinating and exasperating by tums. Conington’s edition nowadays is an unsympathetic book to use, owing to its depressing format and austere feutlook; Page is indispensable, in spite of his imperceptive judgement of Acneas a3 he appears in the Fourth Book Toye a great debt to the vast compilation of A, 5, Pease, P. Vergili Maronis Aensidos Liber Quartus (Harvard, 3938) fan encyclopaedia in ts own right; ite merits become very clear if itis set beside 12 Libro di Didone by C. Buscarol, (Rome Milan, 1032); but one mast not go to either if one ‘wishes to remember that Virgil was @ poet. There is much freshness and discernment in the nates of A, L. Tevine, in his edition of Fanshawe's translation of 1648 (The Loves of Dido and Aeneas, Oxford, Blackwell, 1924); his appendix fon James Henry is full of interest. I have found much guidance in RS. Convray's edition of Book I (Cambridge 1935). In a quite diferent category i the outstanding com: mentary on Book VI by F. Norden (and edition, Berlin LLeipig, 1916; the third edition of t927 contains a body of ditional note, bat it has been less accessible to me, a8 T suspect it wil be to many). This commentary i a seientiic storehouse of Virgilian scholarship, humanely presented by 4 great editor, and it i essential to any study of Virgil ‘specially for the many'sided minutiae of style, langage and metre. Thave supplemented it by frequent reference antes in the Archi fr latewische Lencographie by vations sthors, notably P. Mass. Of all the bterary studies of Virgil that T might name, T wouid single out R. Heinze, Virgis episoh: Techni (3rd edition, Lesprig-Betlin, 1928), book whic isinstinet with humanity and sensitive undet- standing. Other books that Ihave often consulted are the three by Warde Fowler, Varil's Catheong of the Clans Aeneas tthe Site of Rome, and The Daath af Purnas Oxford, Blackwe, 29t8, x618, toro); C. Bailey, Religion se Virgil INTRODUCTION xix (Oxford, 1995); J. Sparrow, Half-Lines and Repetitins in Virgil (Oxdord. 1930). MN. Wetmore’s Index Varorum Vergtanas (New Haven, 29tt) has given me endless help. “The text of this edition is that of the Oxtord Classical Tests, edited by SirF. A. Hrtzl (2900), the plates of which have been used by permission of the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, I have ventured to prefer an alternative Teading in 54, 217, 393, G4, 640. Mackail's edition (pp lull) has a cleat account of the mazuseript tradition: or & more detailed summary see Pease pp. 78 Although U have made a spacal paint of commenting on Vinglian metric, Chave not thought necessary to include {formal account ofthe structure of the hexameter; ther is avery clear exposition of iin Si Frank Fletcher's edition of Book VE (Oxford, 2g¢2) and in W. 5. Maguinnast’s tition of Book XIT (London, Methuen, r953); W. Hardie’ Res Betrica (Oxtord, 29201 is, of course, helpfl at every turn, T have found much guidance on points of prosody and metrical usage in M, Plataauer’s Latin Elegie Verse (Cambridge, 2950). Tam grateful to Sir Basi! Blackwell for allowing me to draw upon the material contained in my paper The Fourth Book ofthe Aeneid, a lectare tothe Virgil Society which was, published by him in 19ststcta’ Aw Schedae Vaticano Berolinenses sare. val i E Seneuse Vasieanse sae. ist vl bv 1 X Sonoen Sangallonses ewcriptae aes. 1M = Codex dices sec (Pm Codex Palatiaus see R ~ Codex Romans sea? 1 D Schedae Veronentescesrptae SaHe. 7 = Codex Gasianes ‘eee "CT Coden Berens 720 Parisinas see. 7920 2 = Colen Bernsasis 165 ona 2 = Codex Bermenss 134 fae. me = Codex Minoraagienss sc. 8? "y= Codex Pragenais ‘hee be “Senn = Sen cormmentact 1. Sem, = Servis Danilis (vel Deutermervian quire ‘reat Georgi) P, VERGILI MARO™TS AENEIDOS Lai iv ‘Ax regina graviiamdudum saucla cara ‘yolnns allt veis et cxeea capita ign malta vir vitus animo multusque secursat gentis honos: haerent infix pectore vultus vverbaque, nee placidam membris dat cure quieter. postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras lumentemnque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram, cum sic unanimam adloquitur male sana sororem. “Anna corer, quee me suspensam insomnia terent! quis novus hie nostris sucessitsedibus hospes, (quer ses ore ferens, quar fortipectare et aris! redo equidem, nec vans fides, genus esse deorum, degeneres anos timor arguit. eu, quibus ile Jactatus ftis! quae bella exhausta canebat? si mihi non animo fiom immotumaue sederet fae cui me vinelo vellem sociare iugai pestquam primus amor deceptam morte feflit; ‘i non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuss, Inui wai forsan potui succumbere calpae. ‘Anna, fatebor enim, miseri post fata Sychaei s-20.RGMPR 9 supenea AY tee ct agncet So. rquam] quem P* forse taewrane "one Fob PipeP. VERGILI MARONIS. coniuigis et sparsosIraterna eaede penatis solus hie infexi sensus animumque Isbantera impale. agnosco veteris vestigia amma. sed mihi val tellus optem prius ima dehiscat vel pater omnipotens abigat me fslmine ad umbeas, as pallens ambras Ersho noctemque profundazn ante, pudor, quam te volo aut tua fura resolve ile meos, primus qui me sibiiunxit, amores bstulit; ile habeat secum servetque sepulero, sic effatasinum lacrimis implevit boris. » ‘Anna refert: ‘0 Ince magi dilecta sora solane perpetua maerens carpereiuventa, nee dulcis natos Veneris nee prasmia noris? id cinecem aut maniscredis curate sepultos? esto: aagram nalli quondam Hexere macit, as non Liby2e, non ante Tyro; despestus larbas iuctoresque all, quos Afriea terra triumphs dives alit: placitone etiam pugnabis sma? nc venit in mentem quorvm consederisarvis? hine Gactslae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, ‘ ft Numidae infrent Grguat et inhospita Syets hine deserta siti ragio latequefaventes “Barcael, quid bella Tyro siegentia dicam ranigue minas? Gis equidem auspicibus reor et Iunone secunda “ hhune cursum Hicas vento tenusse carinas, ‘quam tw urbem, sore, hane cemes, qune sirgert rena coming tall! Touerum comitantibus ats unica se quancis attolet gloria bus! tu modo poste deos veniam, surisqze ltatis ss aicyy FOMPR: g5-so FMPR ay adgat CUPRyibe 26 Ered Fear rma nate a See, ‘enlat tmmisc frat ase tara vagnten + dae hdons "4 Barca) Vases Ltrs othe to AEWEIDOS Indulge hospitio causasque innecte morandi ddum pelage desaevit hiems et aquosus Orion ‘quassataeque rates, dum non tractable caclum, His dicts impenso aniqum fammavit amore spemque dedit dubice mentisolvitque pudorem Prinepio delubra adeunt pacemque pet arse, ‘exquirunt ; mactantlectas de more bideatis legiferae Cerei Phoebogue patrique Lyaco, Ilunoni ante omnis, cui vine iugalia curse ‘psa tenens dextra pateram pulchersima Dido candentis vaceae media inter cornua fun, aut ante ora deum pinguisspatiatur ad ara, instauratque diem dons, pecudumgue reclsis pectoribus inhians sprsntia consult exta, hen, vatum jgnarae mentes! quid vote furentem, ‘guid Gelubra juvant? est mollis amma medullas Inter et tacitum vivi sub pectore vain situ infelie Dido totaque vagatar tbe farens, qualisconieeta cerva sgitta ‘quam procul incautam nema inter Crecia sit Pastor agens tes liguitque volatile fcran ‘escius: la fuga sllvassaltusque peragrat Dictaeos; haere iter letalis harundo, rune media Aenean secum per mornia ducit ‘Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemgue paretam, Incipiteffari mediaque in voce rst ‘unt eadem labente die caavivia quaerit, Ticosque iterum demens audire labores ‘exposcit pondetqueiterum narraatis 4b ore. post ubi digress, lamenque obscura vicissmy Ina premit suadentque cadentia sera somos SSL EMPR ye Soa et cansas yun st dma bce Sass Ww Serotpenm Bi incensom PAP Bcr Se inert Ho bag PyP, VERGILI MARONIS sols domo maeret vacun stratique relics Jncwbat. illum absens absentem ancitgue videtaue, sunt gremio Ascanium genitoris imagine capta inet, infandum sifallere possit amorem. ss pon coeptae adsurgunt trees, non arma faventus texeccet portusve aut propugnacula bello tts parant: pendent opera interrupta minaeque ‘murorum ingentes aequataque machina calo. ‘Quam sim ac tal persenst pest tener cara Tovisconiuns nee famam obstare foro talibus adgreditur Venezem Saturnia dicts ‘egeegiam vero laudem et spolia smpla zeertis. ‘que puerque tugs (magnum e¢ memorsile aumen) ‘ona dole divans fering victa durum ext, ‘nec me adeo fait veritam te moenia nostra Stspectas habvise domes Kacthagiaisaltae sed quis ert modus, aut quo nunc eertamine tanto? {ui potius pacsm aetemam pactosgue hymenaeos fxercemus? habes tota quod mente petst se lander amans Dido traxitnve per ossa Theorem. ‘omamanem hunc ergo populim panibasque regamus auspicis;liceat Pheygio serve marito Sotaligue tune Tyrion permitiere daxtrac.’ ‘Olt censit enim simulata mente locatam, tos ‘quo ragniem Italiae Libyeas averteretoras) sie contra est ingeessa Venus: ‘quis talia demens abnaat aut tecom malit contendere bello? mode quod memorss factuim fortuna quater sed fatis incerta feror, si luppiter uname ve ssse voit Tyiisurbem Troiaque protects, Sega PMPR: 93-118 F (utr mans) MPR Sp ama. sem F “Ge sont paar Son ge comer Coton does ‘Riser "Shannon tanta Herr 05 Tain Wabets BNELDOS 1¥ rmiscerve probet peplos aut foedera ion ‘tm coniuns, tibi fas animum templare precando, perge, sequas” tum sie excepitrezia Tuno: ‘necum eri ate labor. none qua ratione quod instat 15, confer} posst, paucs (advert) docebo. Yvenatam Aeneas unage miserrima Dido fn nema ie parant, obi primos erastinusortas extulerit Titan radiisque retexert orbem. his ego nigeantem commixta grandine aimbum, 20 dom trepidant alae saltusqoe indagine cingua, Gesuperinfundam et toniru caelam oraneciebo. ‘Sifgient comes at note tagentur opsca speluncam Dido dx et Troiaaus eandem evenient. adero et, tua si mihi certa votuntas, Bs conubio iungam stabil propriamace dicabo, hic hymenaeus ert’ non adversata petenti adnuit atque dolisrisit Cytherea repetis. ‘Oceanum interea sorgens Aurora religut. st porisiubare exarto delecta iaventss, 1 ‘eta ara, plagae, lato venabula fer, Massylique raunt equites et odora canum vis. reginam thslamo cunctantem ad limina primi Pornoram exspectant,oftcoque insignis et anno stat sonipes ae feena ferox spomantia mandi. ns tandem progreditur magna stipante caterva Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo: co pharetra ex aro, cries nodantar in aura, ‘uures purpuream subnectit fibula vestem rec nan et Phrygiicomites et lets Talus 10. esas F (zeniore mama) MPR: 115328 F iuceiore mane) Ags seat MOR P"Raden deter eto. ma Se 25 ceaaet io om vara) Ses come Sos od fer ep" (os fr Phin TE8 pote SRS primar Me a36 dam Reine Rieck “raat Ragunct Sem, Tap se tigaP, VERGILI MARONIS: incedunt. ipse ante aos pulcherrimus omnis infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina iungit. qualls ubi hibernam Lyciam Xenthique fuenta desert a¢ Delum maternam invisit Apollo fnstauratgie cloros, mixtiquealtasiacicum Cretesque Dryopesqve fremunt pictique Agathyrsi {pve iugis Cynthi graditur mallque fuente ‘onde premit riser fagens atque implicat auro, tela sonant wmeris: aw ilo egnior that Aeneas, tantum egregio dacusenitet ore posiquam altos ventum in montis atque invia lust, teceferae sax deiectae verticecaprae Aecurrere gis; alia de parte patentis ‘ansmiteant cursa cimpos atque agmina cerv pulveruleata foga glomerant moatisque relinquunt. St puter Ascanins medis in valibus acs sgaudet equo iamque hos eursa, iam praeterit ios, Spumantemgue dari pecora inter inertia votis optat spram, aut fulvum dascendere monte leonem, Tnterea magna misceri murmure carkam ‘ncipit, insequitur commixta grandine nimbas, et Tyr comites passim et Troiana iuventus Dardaniusque nepos Veneris diversa per agros ‘esta meta petiere; ruunt de moatibus ames. speluneam Dido dx et Troianus eandem ‘leveniunt. prima et Tellus et pronsba Tano dant sigaum; flsereignes et conseius aether conubis, surimoque ulularunt vertice Nyrmphae. ‘le dies primus Iti primusque malorum caus fui neque enim specie famave movetur nec iam faptieim Dio mesitator emorem ia eS Sora’ bors P Parcs 7 149 MO: e44tst MARY: 2Sace7s MPRV 168 cons AENEIDOS 1¥ coniugium vorat, hoe praetexit nemine culpam. Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes, Fama, malugn qua non aiud velocus wllum: robilitateviget virsque adquirt eundo, os parva meta primo, mox see attolit in auras ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila cond ilar Terra parens ira inritata deorurn sxtremam, ut pechibent, Covo Enceladeque sororer progennit pedibus cslerer ot perncibs as 18 ‘onstrum horrendum, ingens. cul quot sunt corpore plumae, tot vigils ocul subter(nieabile dicts), tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigitaurs rocte lat caeli media terraeque per amram stridens, nec delet dacinat hamina somno ss luce sedat custos aut sommi eulmine tett surribas aut alts, et magnas tervitat atbes, tam fet pravique tenax quam muntia veri hare tum multiple} populos secmone replebat igaudens, ot pariter facta atque infoeta canobat: ‘9 enisse Aawnean Troiano sanguine ere ti ge palehra vieo dignetur iungere Dido: fnune hiemem inter se (ax, quam longa, favere regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos. haee passim dea foeda virwm diffundit in ora 2s protinus ad regem cursus detorquet farban Incenditque animmum lets atque aggerst irs, Hic Hammone satus rapta Garamantide aympha templa fovi centaur lats immania cegnis, ccentum aras posuit viglemque sacraverat ignem, 200 fexcubias dium seternas, peeudumgue cruore pingue solum et warts Aorentis lima srts rague Piiben Pris poke serum och ‘casa PP. YERGIL! MARONTS laque amens animi et rumore accensus amaro distur ante aras media inter aumina divam ‘malta Jovem manibus supplex orasse supinis ay Tuppiter omnipotens, oxi mune Maurusia pitis gens epolata toris Lenaeum lit horovem, epics haec? an te, geitor, cum falmina torques neguiquam horremus, eaecique in nubibus ignes terrifeant animos et inania mermura miscent? a femina, quae nostritexraza in fnibus urbem sexiguaim prstio porut, cui huss arandom Sige lo! legos dedims, consbin nostra ‘eppulit ac dominum Aenean in regna ewcept. tt nune ille Pare cum semivito comitat, Matonia mentum mitra erinemgue maden subnexus,rapto potitur: nos sunera templis "quippe tis ferimus famamque fovernus inanem. “Talib orantem dicts araaque tenen‘em audit Omnipotens, ocolosque ad moenia tors est egia ot oblits famae melioris amantis. fain aie Mercursam adloqaitar ae talia mandat "ade aga, nate, voca Zephy7os et labere pennis Dardaniumque ducem, Tyra Karthagine qui aune sxepectat fatigue datas non eespicit urbes, sdloquere st caleris defer mea dicta pet auras. ‘ton itu nobis genetrie pulchersima talem promisit Graiumgue ideo bis vindicat armis ‘ed fore qui gravidam imoeris belogue frementern (Galiam regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teucrt ae orederet, ae cotum sub leges mitteret orbem, Si gull accendit cantarurm gloria zeram tee super lpte sua molitur laude laborer, ‘ueina] manera min “Ascanione pater Romanas invidat acces? (qu strut? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur fee prolem be tere” Seo Henry ad lo 81 Note te Roman tein, Ving ings mo more sialty sa aking Indo periorm an taiannitaal sansa making het ‘penerLat. [Gres and. Api ard Bachna sera Bonexion wich maeriage, althoug Jato was of greater fovtsace sl. Lapin te upping & Ceres ae Seenoapo« COMMENTARY to Demeter: he fat give en asec if eh. 6 ‘Sos Djarat (ihe lootener from hus) is Irequent footie ‘ulti for Bacchus. The tem par ten given te gods ind heroes, as 8 mark of respect (somewhat ke Chavese's Geof Daa ‘Observe the rare chythm, with «troche assur in oth fourth and Rith foot! 30 tor, 133,218, 39, $21 agp, 626 Op Thre ste only about joo examolesol tithe ahvle ened 4nd of these yore tan Rall begin with & word with ue attached (any of thew ia turn inva 9 double ga {linge proportion contain 2 propositional phrase fas la ie 'wanitghe per ota furonen"| fine reason Yor thi racty i bvious such a taysnm produces the efact of slinecnciag In the middle of the Sith oot ot Maas, ALL up. $27, not) thus giving the line 3 "dondlewnding as 2 sete og tes nove egntu opaa’a33° meminitepgabu Elsae Somme tims its vary emective: ob in 353 few note) 340, 435 SceRentnon wt 2,785 and Aten Vl tasers in umber of auch lites very conaidehly Sy nef including thot where the ceding ie Setached by sus, and Planter, op cit, pio 601 ipa the rt is Dide's own peculiar and personal responsi ‘iit: se Se she, aoe the priest, whu hide the sacred Goh (pai 2g Ren eo ace an fown the vitions. Ving sttease he benaty here, a8 (lors paleherrima Dido she is the Quees, 4 noble Sta fcmnmanting agure 61, candentis: contrat the blac vietims in vi 243, offered {olshe powers avines (2 Gv. indi re ine trom the pater Sov, 244 froatique in eee vina tecedon (hee Dito toe what the pried does thee 62. ante ora deur: befoce the gods’ sages; yot the gods’ eyes ‘watch Dido. ad thay know tastabeicnty covering ter fal Pingu: rh withthe a vctinn eons Homer be." pingus obi et placdbils a: Dianae’, Speaatar iments thelstately wall which formed part of the tea! oe a ee ds 7 3 instauratque dem dani: acturave em religious tuted ‘ot teaewang” as ofering or ntual i here had fees soe fa im the onfinal coremeny or ela #9 provene auth» faw (oe Fage on ti 82, and Hnty's long liscusion thee): Dido ‘eptats her oftetngs toughowt the day, to ease that she Sitesi oe per di he endl earoetae shows hoe Gesperate she was. Virg nar expenmented in language instead obweiting' dona die tote inueauats tbe coal have LINES 55-6) 4 Rein restorer ea at oe ‘pose tage ener ORR a esos ca pe fet etl atin a Eee mea meaiieen esr pee recta earracee a? cat a 1 barn nor ee i SLRS SO ea served by Viegil as an echo from ently Latin Such ete ne se arta een eas Sie ge caviar mari peer tare he Ra ey ees oes meanness oe Say meets ocia eT eaae Sees aU naa ree Sehie Senet Ae Sacite Mi ermans con ve Pets heat ee at feat. Br mama Rial rear manera ve of vanety, ether because be washed Wo aca Panton aadCOMMENTARY ssl poats, orto eho & Greek hth from Homar oF Kisxananite apie, or simply for a. special artiste eBest icine tetera one sc tne. Le i ie, tivrioae mhiananesns play tended to aupgere mete {Gy bidasUngenag ind atthe ent ose a i Gro fe Fela depts eecy of Huy Rosati! a [i ieadling ot metre ving sstened tothe vous of iain. ‘Hon ar mellag ts tae ofoule For a detiied imvesugation Stas probiewn seo F, Volimer, Suiwngstercns dhe bay. Shak Bechet hi, B "rat ps so ‘thats smong other points dhe smpertsat buggein i mad ‘Thad eben such a leugthoning ooaure ache end of clause (as It how Ne Mrcrium adlogttan, 222) the prosody ay fest The ifucnes of he splaba erp whien was allows be ind of itor lo ad tas be paspoenan Sakis (oan paula with certain tego ato a postion, Sev alo Nordaa denes Pint 3 where Ein Ge the ntuence of lator Grek spie!and'R. G. Kone ‘3alanges Marous (Pats, 1948). 9.90} &, who aso looks teenth thee as counterpart hiatus, but would Soph k by ing Ea mary on pomunaten Selattar the thei ephngtion oe ater Vets loarure n‘oing exe device obvious, and his ski a plas, sgh satumn © untates: Ving ane tase soto could eal Tulp bite, tor her ofternge wore no mace than ipveeviee to ‘he gos, and her tootSenert [eae neve powerless & ciag ‘Bud and feat ber tuatal Gordo (fuewton) We ate not told what the omens nore: presumably the sles were 3 Sed, or peshapa they deliwectly producsd the frvcurable ‘Spts tae Do po plsiniy Geta; ove at last she Na fr [Bully cxpinte feelault fel note on 39), ana tat wae the faie tide, Ct Apueiog, Mes = bew meaicorum ignarae ‘Bentes! quain facie leet on ete sedito, cubis Be accis Veena capa cmpanenn cm vides SNgsee sae corpora caloee Aagrantem: ‘cist is pao so Sowa nis fleets (Sco, p16), ae maaened sad reels, an Capes Pa ee ewok has wrasse todo Gp) ck Apu sis hit exerts neve aa nse Bu he [ne des aa spiy aly to Dio: it isa general trash 25 el 65 ast uit “all the ume 2 dame devouts her motes ist tolts coe, and beneath her beast che ving woud ape hearse Ziff tromseve male must te tae wien ‘modalat(oote the interweaving of Moje aad subject) FOF “Most, 243” videas eam medullitus me amare’, Virgil does not ret ile ttne tte eee ng ce saten nate VL, Anh, in. . Ba Tene edn ha ca ee orca cee cet Meee AE, eiRthdlns ant wn Do: ad she to was voted sg afd ame a rc be Gahan weet re Fe cot anes anion stm ge ey Su aa Ct lab ntaes oan, Teg pega sine come uve So orale Gh ELIA,“ COMMENTARY 72, nescius: Virgil's picture, by implication, of Aeneas and Dido could hasaly be mare poigoan. Note as uncon (ee ot 3) the vivid eantrast belwesn ths emphotic nec aoe tile (se doesnot koow, bat she} ade ta the conscious Crucey. (Bor the change fom jn tla soe note ok 42) 1a, Dieter: Cet om Me Dit ln iets). Vig kare tha sographicl colouring ‘feet hanunda! not the elaborate alteration sotto th ane pate ‘Ste fst in Digo ta Tne date ed if afer nao, t avoid he ety pcs ee por al peuple pen tap con 38) hac pede bee Rocen op oo" CSeteey Tike atthe Sas fed with hard % ged as lmprceee ate Gon Por sataersh refit Cave with ane a7. By aya ih he ets her upon Renan so 0 of ge Bt ose 7, Slee ps ‘an furs Poms pow’ ‘eases ye at ion alten a ops of Bio Phtenienong ao cts tas Py se ES Sa Sets tee sd 1) baht a ths Teens {Calis Sa Phoencan),he prom of Sona ata in Greek. the" am be ahead heen ng oe Veh makes ieng HmontSa whe @ ince Seta ass Bia arb 6074S ow tere Yara hae, op. eAl"p sh a boar Sats ‘Thevesson for the variation sts conveatenee. enon: Sips Suliniis ponte lson alte neces Siar i imporie ena Spas Coeay on 2 58 Soruely ated tat Side a pctahy Sapic} Drs pany bt ork Rae 20e he a ta Ear te Cites Aesens, a emptaca Hn © od 26 nip it: oh pn fo pal er har, but ops wees the words itbogunt asst pee ol pychslogy {End mere sen pone in mie eg caste Sou" 59, gore Dire pi cose 25 ie pve Bde art st snoop en Svea os us ore oan er hte fas frcedel leg sf pulegae wry tela ine pecans ender with cons (piail to evo in 8) oe a 77th allover agin. to tat the say heats lee Boy LINES 72-83 ” 8, demens : note how quickly her wild lve i opaly shows ‘her tree, wreontates Eavern passions St in wtked con fast with Aeneas seltimposed fossa 79, pencetque -ofe: Page well remarks on the vividness of igh pace . , so. post» »videtgue: “ater, when he and she have pate and the deimad ‘noon daekens her fap in ttt, sad toe ‘Seting stars bid slap, she alone. in a home that empty, im misery, inging betel upon the couch that he has ee Hels not there, and she spate from hit, but him she heats Bim she ates.” Virgil orngs out wth dramatic foes the ee {uate between Dido's exited animation when she io wit ‘Asoeas and her lonely agony whoa he as eft fee Fanshawe ‘When everyone was parte to is rst, And ne dim moon tom the heels of day, ‘Aba seteing wars show sgh fe to ee Shei the empty Howe languish say, ‘Ana'on the soc, ahich he had prossd, lay. ‘Note the varied vowels, the repeated «sounds, the gent ssonance of "suadbnijue cadena the suds of lomo. Inatret The shythm ol uel ssestealep 480) eth fo strong eaesura, and the fegulat Sminshng ol the three nal words (ef v3 canceantaque natant luring sive [RU go "eonditg ve natarta lmtnasominus the he tohoes 8 (et iant'sow amida casi prasrpitat, sundentyee ‘adentia. seca somes’) bet there al lnpation fo bear ‘Aeneas tale, Dido et not want seep, here she cannot se fo. visi: ts comparatively selom that Viel enc line ‘wth an adverb there aro 18 examples inthis Book). oe wih oloueas words Uke ie (03 42tl- gueguaye (317), Seam (Set); see Nondea, senses PP San! rit Be a, maeret:#sarsing nd for which Vie as not prepared he ceader, the more vivid by ty penton between dome sa tatua: elie b paraliel to eacua! Aateay i pombere, ‘ough he vas present so lntely 85, incuba the rut-on, withthe following pace ef 23) gives he word 2 fearful fore: the couch ty like a treseice we her (et. Gtk soy of aise, "ineubas aural vi telc and she ‘roads ovte fen a ‘ham. vdetque" sock 2 line shows the magic of ania: secre lenge “Diao loka Acasa er Tous and {he ts shown in he werdorder, A tesh teeples nigKt has Strengthened her pasion’ ie nt simply te lace and words of Aeneas now that aw imprinted ia her fears but he ioa COMMENTARY Niet present to he sah thins of Nip. 'StO Be of its be? Or does he walk, of i he on his horse? © happy Peseta hr oo ie Uigiine Bie GF nt jen rome (Engh Cisesial, London, tort, 126} that tsey come to us charged ice tabs silidea! pion ao wih neal UH Mtoe ute ae” the second qu nya tre connective cgamay oan Sonal) he kal honda ana nets no SERRE Us ius puree tar yp Cneaee Dope Bee eS popilad® patbaqas Toes paisges sve RSETEe henge ended ts beempioyed with mse een Thier Ss sonelines tent ar emgler 8-36 HUTGU Baste natneg ocd tata weapu icra) igs mia 45), mie oiler inept (8 Te Gotten ade opt ‘STR Sota Pac te fs Eras wae Sages ore Ketone ier iegete i et nt ‘Sudeep stad lute Sessenon 3) rea Sra gee tale aca eee ‘Bt [tin rok pp Sots aber fi some at Piatt alps dns evel atagen ender EDGR GG GRGG om, EN Sa pome ow Ensen Sent Gus Hla ngs soot Est gee ee ot the if Tabies and the srekate prose of Caio: but Plats Joe Trees adsense or ag an ad pouiad Al itn pene hte Ske af eat SABE ican te son ida Poss a he Pomeeian Site! eee. that Bor ae pr ao eis rae ache stee ido enemprare! apn or ‘eb hntoes tn ess tose lds nm eke a ins Rain 8 EStEspathad a aeetoensostres (SREY dita atts anfaen Sede wa tor seer ean ar pu na’ st sib moment ar ga eMac Ries tee hen Arann Ets iatelty esting the boy as 4 sumecste for Aeneas"; The Schon! ESTEE 20GB somo toa in ee SEO ML Nathalie he od 9 oe mie vivid scene is present again, and by reliving she tries to Dietend that shes nottacked witd Gtany fa atlrs pot ‘moron. fan! (63) has shown, her grieving for Anes Seance toy eae a png See, wth 85, inlandum: very strong words her love ie something ‘sgailng. 2 ng wih ugh sa toe fd ard spe aly wicked Vig has i Stan's “day of dent (e 1). of tho portent st Casars death (i 470), of Clytasn: eats the aotceres fo. 267), of a war Gog aganat al tHe toes (il 38) of death and slaughter apa ponmament 56.8 Visit now shows the curnalatve ef of Digs seep less pasion; note the spondees represent the alot Awa of work on the ei ® . gy teen bee ping cl (ame) ate Conway oni yo 54, Sita wath Stn oe edn) ao giv sate agama Se 8 aege mre roby mange ha eral snes ‘wena i sodtines sae (oie 668 “te Catling mina) BPendentem scopolo") Others take ft figuratively lke ott Fame tapos (ie 33), out tn gees fr fess wade, Sp. ingetes = gent la vary daar sand 0 Vil seit we to ‘Entius before tig. See Mackailio CR www, 1982, pp ast & nd Conway, ibid pp. 234 (abo ont try). Maekail com: sees the development cf use to th ol satan extreme English. Hoary tas a gorentous but gveceareed note on UTES Nagentemaue Gyar ingens mole Ciimserah’{Tngens {Soot atthor's maid ofall work-~cook, sue and batee at Gece. Seviles famous barber war never busier it issea ee ngs thee veer lage a 0 on or Sis gash. Bute ono altogeter fa (ef Conway an 453. 2 sood natant in any caet why should nota pet hase Special woauess for a avounte word? (Tantus no doubt her Viegi's intuence, shows a lie fondaes ie ich {Bideman on Tac: Dial 65 eal, Sadien sum Vertandins depron Literatur p29) viaachina: petheys aca (se Teviae’s note) a often ia yilivint Eek eros of blag” Serato Tio of the Wooden Horse Heniy apacs that it meses the whale device” or fabri" of the Walls so that machina i 3 ‘Vasiation oominae maoorum aed oes parisulance spre ha champs ace all pore Virgin, but Valeror Faces’ or (Preson machina ur, via incerestng paral 1 roe cept ene ot te Sy ly switn machina [60 Page): the picture of 8 crane high wpfl COMMENTARY towering tothe sky its burden eft im mid-air because 0 one Sg ther moi, Note th altrtny of en and he harsh clattering fier of anuatapue machine casa: ‘esting the dia and harsmering ote work now stopped. 80-128. An inte » Juno and Ver pot concerning Aeneas “Jao, nove at Vena oucert in mahong B's allt fee inith Aeneat, sugges a tace to quayeing™ 5 il ast! fo their marrage tnd Carthage shail be Dee's sowry Vora retnds tobe doubtful of tae cect Of who she hrc tbe 8 ‘rich to make Carthage all-powerful, bx! che demursty accepis Freie assurances ana her sehen to Brisg abn th maringe iil draws the goddess with subtle humour (for theit rt inthe epte tan Warde Fowler, The Death 0) Turns po. 82. and Vogts Gathering of the Clans, pp. 308]. Jans ae har grandest, and Venus" respect a at er sheer ‘Salghtines, for ate mows her pear ovat Jupite acd has ie «se that Awtes shall each Tealy 237 8). Bat bind {ius ieminice sparring, Temiasne hardness fan be discerned hatthee goidess ha ay pty forthe womnaa Dido, The sent Slightly reeves the tension, placed a It iz Bebwosn two ‘eeplyentotional paseages a tao, hough more dramatialy, ‘the Charon-scene!in vi-38) ch tha porterseene In at bein) Conteare the opening of Apo Rod 9p. persensit:'flt quite sure’; Juno has waltd or her moment. ste: the word, hike veri 2nd favor shows how inexape Sbiy igo i committed to ber fate” Note the oliterate pattem pepe st fms for cara: Page on 614, Xk ag. Jano ie ei care Zoe ‘groves, although she is Gong her best to Fun Jopiters plans ‘ec. furor: “that Rer pride wit no hindrance to hee aston (aman — Jamas setam| on adgredtur’- ditier an achalephrste (x2 Noten o0 vi. ‘89)- Note tie juxtaposition Venerom|( Satta, 2 syneack al picture af thee comerence. 93. earepiam . duorum est” “s fine distinction this, to be sti Saf Snot Yetumph fox yoy yours toe reat and glonows pair of powers, Ons wowman crashed by the elle of so got 93,,egreplam: ironical; cf. vi. 523 ‘epzegiainterenconiuns' ot ieee i 90 restos Vener gnu ala by Jono ot 4. Tague puergue: see note on 3, Per it often ased for the Inetscaly intractable flue’ Dut st may be contemnptuows LINES 59-97 3 here (cf Apol. Mev, 28, where Veous calls Cupid itd in- cromertion Chat ‘pumen” 29 the older MSS, and Donates: later MSS. read oman, which many edeors adapt, amen is gonerliy ten inept cS pore rd Se ae the rickets of the Oxioed tex would be beter changed 2 commas, ab tn Macka, Bot sr could be supplied, ad the Cituer attached tothe gant lie ( your divinity wil Be [eet end fenowned im atay, for a}. Nome would be [aval wit lausom a sofas i as been approved in see ties ese good Mss authority, becatat menthol momen Ss Scolloeation found a rumber of times elsewhere (eee Thea LiL Ss memorable, ol 663. 3, ef. Ovid, Met. 607 ‘atebs) Hipoomone veto magnum ef mermonibile aon ae Vig nl as ei 9 oa nao pee omen! femizea in na ext” Bot ft 8 more sbvious here 4nd bas fess colour: the imitations da not neceesaely on finn ean. for that mater cf Ovi, der qte Bae ‘emorabile Thebia)nummen )= and a for the Gvidenee of Sop, st povass rather to numer inthis, fr wen Vig oes himcet ibn hs ana = %9 make some sga chase 9s, Note the art of the line: ona contrasted with durian dala ‘atred with seta and completing fs sence, dium concocted ‘Win fomina, St inexplanatory, fot bypothetical Se often in 96. tee-- allt: J am not so anable taste.’ Generally, adeo ‘phates the sng word whch fo ike i ee lett i203 ‘ti adeo incerton canta caligine soles” {lr theed whote days’, v.11 toque adeo devushoe a {te ongie, inbit" [aad ie will be it your eonslanip) see Thos LoL. nv col. 614.4) Me Here & formally sees me (gttets ay fe Did Sal Sm aot, mt ede fee tue tone of the hole senteace (2 know pefcty well) Many Latin parties sepresat a look or secs ot gesture, ‘athes than aay exact Eogiah equvelent, ‘ota ost’ ths joxtsponion foun aad adjective in sgeegert ae the ead of tne not common 3, ‘Sonubia nastra™ 379 "vores gota e445 Shea superba’, Sut 483 “agauna Sagoa’, 97) “itia Sperba's And Ip te veveror oder, 252" nvia last’, i a8 "om ena’, 499 comaia tla 708 “immamia membre” x tat Pinguiaculta 639 inane verba" 97. suspects hatstare: the pores vuecium haere is normal2 COMMENTARY fort ruspoct (urpicor ait nite forms is not found in {Bis Seve Sree onze tn Salus) The toe of haere with test partispi fe coatman ital pean, for a saan a Ein ot i devatgoment ate’ Thieinann, ths pp. 372 2 00 Hand cl Lets, p. got. dn ite Latin t becores ho formal mctsod cf expalng the perect tens, thay pavsng ‘he way for romance forme {lah tates ~ tas dona) “Une, 2 favourite eplthet ta Visi, even nove Leuent than sngene evs often almost mechanically vase asa hind of Sanciogpithet, without much real colar (onlke ingens ‘which gerealiy dove aac! colo), and itis one of he vary {ae adjectives ofthat sora found quite fegueatly athe {ed ot aline, where notmally anagjectve is Placed ony tit EiSiseomespeciaiempanes tesralmort aril Ving flees ‘eparrok e noun tate uals, Cha. 209, 67. gir aedy tanto; “but what missle set? Where are we ‘llega thu rvainy)" Jono megnasimousy pert to ‘want to Vorgive end forget. The construction i ctl (eo may mean wo what end eran tanto uve i a ‘Eenuersntona’ align, which has porpoxsd scholar from See vies omacda es posible to rupply verb of moon, such Ssondinas, taking quo tn fe ordinary sense of "whither Sha Ueto tana ata moda abauve: others ould retbet tdertand opus es (wth taking quo as "Wo Whee pur use}: Conington takes the constrveion as exactly pallet fothat of Hor 9p. .12 que mis fortunam, si aon come editor es?” [where atone SS. have forma), be ae am ‘ipeewith no clear verb understand [ef Wilks, a ior) ‘Reales this age stew ss the face tat the accusative ivaye found elsewhere it tho gurticlar ep; see Palmer on Ovid fr. 2.5) and Wikis, es hence leivs proposed Cota tania {what i tbe poi of all thse quarrels) ‘which Fleyne teats The latte gan cary way out bat the ‘omuption would then be hard fo expla, while the occur- [snow al eremina tua to lies ater mone nesta (te ote on 96) Would be suspicious. Meck rowslates whither ony io a0 hot 2 Contant?” cheering seat "the wording, ‘Gough compressed, presents no dficuley and Tsboul pre: fe? togy ad farther than tans fee an ntlighie lip, op quin..extrcemas?™ "way not eather dwell inthe ways of ‘pesdeforever by makings macrage-sonsracs between acm! opr quia: this use, with so aseative eh Bl 7a) ot a0 I~ petstve ct 543) is fom converneional speech ne mars patience oraaoyancey ef Playe Care Sin tutaces?, ow 428 “gains tay io, ort 95 spn nro Niet ae pec Ceosaan a 8 Sain gs seen TE nota tos eny aiken oehthaapeele, oe Com a. gr Veptimtocra HNO SETS epee Heol eng Eat COPE Say Oe ep Bs inp Soe) Eatamii pi ep tebe), er pene Silos Fira abh'n ts Sas baneaey, Tet Be uonach kia, 3 ale sg mpere), Eaey Boe ies 0 cain ettlqge hymenaeo: his i explana of pation (it oof Gall AY appes an ssc of ener of Shoal ane welling lB th see of hu for For he RREMUPS Sig Mhiages a cert pacers neve Sons of tae andeueeel & Gaslltcad to the carnage RR (eich ey atley ith nape, Nowe he SenarSp bei niog iad Ua ows arts Gan detl ce ug iSlriacsotespecaletets antsy 89 EAT IG RS tas nael mete rapa, iesey let not on son, arco 2 rin experiment i engage, Ere fed pean sn attei neers seme Ecaar et sures wik fs oponts Bice Col mite Se Bop g's eA gr oes Ea aS sa is baie Saal gee see ia la‘Snes ie pata tan eer eet ened aes ure fo tort paren aed ‘hen to huve extended pacem in its tara by the defaiton J nat Laie wn we y's eran Pe OF straiting which would not have been prevat i he had stra teas meter fans sh ear it a ocelot soles ascn far T coer hepa Tektro mpeoltctacgauiar: sncencat ar or) ‘Sea ssente cf omaiata mente Los, ths typeof phrase sa Be sacs Se Romaes ore ot weal Grom Stn 6. Gandget de Invoduion Pager roy adi fuer: “Dao ig alae with ve and Bat “ia fer‘ paSlse rough snd tesegs hr une he ‘SS for ine aden, mae bro rotcammiises 1 uae sy en et ee common iat eles jeg eal of pone toms Seirrmpett amyl by Sorote tmpice ee sa ee fmtenea dah wana: fren Gita Repel ecoemancrsmate anes “hadss COMMENTARY authority t take the auspizi, a virte of his imperium, a 5 the swspicn could themselves be rgurded tse opal ot Sperm 10h, heat --marito:"let her be allowed tomarry hee Pheytian aad be hs slave's a venomnus lina, for Phyies is oan frm ot contempe used by the eneies of Thy fe aot on 2), a trie pies she abjectnn Dido's love. For og. dotalogue.*dextrae:*and let het, for her dowry, asien iter Tyrlans to your contol; Dido's subjects (grt ct 99) art be thrown into the balgain. Jona pretend nal he {oe making a concession to Venus who, she says, will ave tbe fal per over ter sn'gand swe’ jets, 205, ol: an aschate form (o to oli as actly, wied by ‘Virgin nareatone avi ot teats! (Waguer, Dust Ving Sir nai cereal wi eran Oe de oral placed im an emphatic pecesgn at she granny line, ts Homer sree the devionstintve artic in sich [Phtuses as wor demeanay et be 2g0 “oll subridens' see Ghoecknar, AEE Sie"pp. t65 8). Uisgd inbested Wom Lacretivs and Enoig! but & must have long dlappedrad ‘om spoken Latin, since neither Puts aot Terence oes stone neh eon Veiga ome lon, lsat. fombor of old iaws quoted by Clare tn eg DRY Orin connocted sith She same root Guinn (nt 9 24) Femarka on Virgl's supreme Judgement in ha ue of uch ‘tchalsas, “al enim ot quand St mera et pone et por erent sapergunt lam, quse cham a pice et Eri, ‘Peegseatsnumitabiom ir auctontatern’ Wemnighs oughly ompace Coleriage's tae of 'eftsoome” of “elom he ‘Gnclent Barter’ 106. Talla’ the Ret syllable a this word ad in Flue peo emg: Cae ss Zar some te tioned i, and Vergd epuasty apes fata otheree te Teepe ave beet imgean Bearer, can ‘Uy Tiaae when hae prosody neudad to fi, $95 Tela ogni 643 Tedd tor, 698 Tela rns; contrast 759 Ht de gence) Sen Nonden on ve St o7' quis. absuat! Rachard Stanyhuretteanlates What ‘kdipol lee Srayaey Would score the covensunt?” fie Eranshation of Aencrd tv appeared in ts8s, at Leyden: to pis only ofthe orginal bone cua, but a ieprint was nade fy Arbvr lathe Engh Scholar’ Library of id ond orn forks (Constable, 1895) Te ie im quantitative Eglin ‘herameters, such Robere Bridges experimented ith ne ‘Thane Obscurt (Oxford, 3988), and ie» fopoatory of linguistic LINES 102-113 ss songs ht te wa desi by T, Nae 199 8 {bule lumbering boyetows wallowing measure an in 151 Buigabe Rich svoutof hme he tooke upon him 20 translate ‘rg, and pene nim ove of Velvet gone ato a Pools Soule out of t-eatn Herel ere, 000 a Eeglch ele {af Itisa bewildering experience to pus tohis translation Hoa thee of Feary Huard, Bust of Gumey, weston some fommy years eaves, CEG. Saintsbucy, Misr of Eagisk Prvaby 310.8 pe U8 eS : sop. si modo" for ushain: of i, 2874, si mone se nobis le "goreosscboee asm! catendat io. fat fear’ tha fatea ake me fol of doubt and mis. ivngs'|dother experiiant in language which ee aaSealt { torce into the formal coaventons geuminar. Favor i= then used of movement, ether physical or mental, vet SHEA Step fe eel ef Gyo “tego Sn Hee, ceria f2 adahe’ co aut the pretended doubts In Vem! mind: she ails about in uneateinty" Fett sama {o depend on the combined concept neta fron, ad must fe Calta (lenny's “countiul of te fares te surely umposr- jit she existence ot Patan ies ponntles hat mas ‘Vena feign tach doable Jupiter ste says, may aot allow the schome, Ta fact of course, she had no doubt whatever of Aeneas destiny. 2° Sather thie use osoure aren sp Planta to into sauce an indirect question alter vdeo eta ands commana ait verbs of attempting expecting; soe Lottedt Nudes p. 327, ell p gt Theovuae clause singh informally dependent on iceia fron, Butt aso an expan: Son ot fair [for the isenekention of Yate" th the oll ot Fortes he Daley Ratgin on Vit p29 8) he fates Phar with donb au "what ey nay do. Hoey ease fetrogpective a2 prospective misgivings 2h, Toig: cependent om profess the men who sled fromm "Fray Note atthe dai ol ponent sete the iet ated (wrens the genitive mark she posamcr; Verat Seabee wither Jupiter will le the Tyeaaa and Trojans have» algo srg, Inthe ent 12 was a very diferent fasion that tok pee that of Trojans and iealans; sm 99 2 rig. tu. precanda: sow you ste nin ite you cunt breale hea wenn ge So ied nth en Ven ogitly pretencs tobe awed by Juno's importance: far (ood law is amusing ia the context (Conway reaavks, on J. gp, that the werd always impiles a law whose commands6 COMMENTARY ce minty negative Venus knows well that ake can fist Tapter tcund ter Bagers when soe wishes. Note the ear Bieter ae ray exeept ook be up's ep elke vis) antlcipates theltetual words (et 8,407 hes ine lu hee ugh mecam’dacebo: "The wile my task Now 98 to how he mater ip hand can be scrompiahed pay atientioa= I ‘vi ell you fa few werda June puts oa er grandes irs Grea. sag. inecur; “muna’; sao Mackall on i, 675, and ct. Livy i. ‘33. 5'memones tune tmp tae 118. cote 2 fare lorn (out conf metaically impose: ‘So Eaee soap 894; Sere Spins ap. Ce fm. Saas dm too, Terence has defer ee 08), Frau 2ejin (Pare 7at) Sed nerfs (Foie, sash bee edhe, BON Ken he ha wari eng a forms, but the eases! pende Seeame sbortnad fe, form cis oeebe: a frm; fv 4{"mune qca ations wot bid Note ido, puocs (eave) Serta Dediam et paucis fanimos adhibete) doceba ~ 125" miserrtias'a ioe, not py: hs ove mice Dido HBL TUB orbs: “when tomorrows Son how shown forth ‘his early Fsng, and with he ays unwed the weed tere a heghtenag of le ater he master fact mance” ot the previows pastagh, ores fre s more putueenque fan Cin and ‘Tilan mare splendid than Sol (the Som was the hid ofthe Ttas Hyperion, and so the poets give hin ens Fame, just as thercoon aomieumescaled Tuaniaar Tien EL Howry 1¥ ing. 239 Dies th evar se Tian kis & ‘Sieh ot outer? 18. astnus: adjective for adver, often convenient mate: yf Rv, 30349, a6 yest 0 Op. aes pasa ‘ors: fegueat ‘poetic ploral” (more common than the siogla yatainy Si dr oan ALT i pp Soa) cv 155, 6 34q ees aed note Ow Mek 4s Solis ab essay soln qaaseeet ad oss gi eet ba coon dy oli alma inte tm ebus lace cts’ seston) 120, hi’ egor the fastapontion efertively suggests Juno's ower. “Ete socal alae faces Snvaaubie incited Bere ls einen os andes Flo eB ow cok a52 78) ‘ize es to et gains demonatative, as bese orate SEs Arai eterna cen eng earn ste nee aie i piteaninge oe EE vanes a eemgg iw HERP ead ean Ena bee sce tha was 125, devenient: the pause is effective; Juno waits a moment to Aedes Ee ay wna eiiey dine rte ti wr a ate ny, pry po seropghan ie aaron Sr be ghanpen Reais cote, eae Sol et icremeermbensiner st ors onan ahmemo Si e So ergata manta os Pay peer rarer Goes he eaes COMMENTARY formal connie com: foc ‘mariage’ in a geeral sense Tes lost entirely poet 4g the prosody conto of consbinm? Ta the nominative and sccuative plural, conta ™ regular aad ‘waavondable (ea. 36), except in Lect. 776 denique conubia ad Vetiers pasts eraram and ineven exatipiesin Statins In these the nt may belong by apni (CF being tested oe Seeotanal) oc ay be shot Toal lie forms os bee) {here galway similar ambigutyof presody but seansion spre cn sober Ody beac, cme thee i'bo example anywhere of sch forme whete the vw: bears the ictus and therefore cannot te short Servis, however, xprestly states cnt 79 (ot which tie ine na sepetton, fk ‘Shot an interpolation ane bao), hat the seg acusaly tong aod that Sg has Bene ahora it fate atin the word occurs in two Iyec passages where there ca be no big (Patents, Cah 575, Sttontos 14.1), and there The poets" practice inthe matter of ayniceis ders. Vigil gften admits'it: Ovid. avoids t (ae Norden on vi 39) Stati hos very few example, and to assure it im the Soe teen ines where ne has forna of conabiume with ambiguous toy soe ey aut, Mle areas mac . 300) argues for Zona and ties supported by Mone Sn Pace i776, Mase (ALL Milk pp 434 R). scgstoy iter ith nth eee eueny of fort of cna ahd oniuptom (which e takes ae comnpletely aynonymeny), dee ‘Gives tha the pre-Augustan and’ Augustanprcsady was sepa and hithylens gnecesry on Ure ane Other pacages whore thew. doesnot Gee the iets Dutt ‘ew at the prectiee of Status and cther po-aupustans i the ater ct ayaizeae, he admits the prowdy covsbtam 20 otxistent with eowibia ia these poste, More recenty the ‘few of Buller and Maaro tar beed revived ia a important RES master (Este fr" che. Tenna-Leipag 1925, pp. fo examines the probe Jem om a ptilogical se well as om a nepal onl, at 2 ies the se sn eaten atch fakes to have been distinct om enmugtunen ts prope Use) be-concludes that comssum i the notmnal and ciglost Sody, and that tas matical convenience slone whieh Sictated conta where th sa beset the iets Tae would Tring conubium ito lina with benaba, proms, subnaba fel Conway on 1.73)" note Ovid. Met: £48" combo Proches ‘api, aan pron Teno” or the lengthening in conser sUggests the snalogy of Lemier and Lemarte o Lactetus LINES 1263 9 varlations between lguius and lpuidus, propage and pr ft carats agume's see et pe ely to vel ee enema ap fon rie ce See eee eee ee as stern try ela ree ran setts nce ae wel by tng) pat Sees saree tere en eng Ra ae care 8 eee EG crm ar een em SES aude ets ey ene a SES Seed Sy acs Way erect TE PSP Su ttn ne as ez Te Some, ay Seta yest So Vagr er ere geen tnt ab Oh Seca Raa mca Seon St a arte sal 2 eer a ie el eee at do eed ar te Saree ounng dec Fee ces where Jano promi a sea elena te end Sn ea BEEN ea aig he ote Si oases supe rch nee sade 2 rem ly smepe once i tomer ree se ceca ae eee 2, ace a oak nat eter me ar rye yee won das ese Set fei Eotn i lean cE a ering text s.2t ctl a sn ame ioe san Te om of he rr acs of unl au ine Mae uate nares twa oh dea cin ae eee een cat ea eee Ltt pata nl oa SE TP at aa Sao" Tynnig’pababy neat, ven oS fal attains Saisy Ie Vos ote tac trad cata lt ae dpe rte A aa, gene BEGINS pearance tl, ne a OO, Venn was nor nigel" ir Madras PERS, Vee me 2 Cine een as vehss commaNTARY ‘the Croc slterastive Cpthérde (Rigen) ne Bada, 42 sages. In th Bright moving the unt azsmble; Dido's Bri “Gelling bind coparined. cd pretnly the coma, oth Sg pier gd rR tla Schl he sled Begs ER olga Ej ht a mth 6B Note the happiness ofthe pasags, beauty and colour and excitement eviiywhare,wittna fast of che ssery fo come (et vit 85. and Honey ad lo, Warde Bowler, smear at fhe Sie 3f Rame,'p. a8). Wig can dareroe heh snarl Tously eg. his picture ofa laling stan 693 or of the ‘oonlitsee ia vis 9, s2 ofthe Saseral proceaoh of Palas haafs and chit 560, i734 sa cet or feds & Shah cant encod in Tl Legend of Cand Wan “The dawening aperat ost of the say ‘This asovous quone thargerh bee meynee ‘The neste dese and spers broce and eae ‘An hucting wor th leaty rene quene Sa ertzeth er tha news Joly wo “eho al ner fey fale 70 av te oar che Bounds Ban y-broght. ‘Apa upon courece, awit assay thoght ‘Hes yonge knightas hoven al aboste ‘5a bi her wommen coe an huge rate ‘Upon a tiki paiey, papersnbyt ‘ich sade rod anbrouded with Gaye, (St gold the basies apontonad hye, 2 Dida a i old sad ee wre ‘Thac‘heteh eke fli of agites serve sap, Repeated ia. x, a Homeric pictoe. "5a, cetacean the ons ght ls feng up. tere streams the prise of carta “bive san Eaniaa word, only ners im Virga out weed x rumioe of times by Ovi, Status, ad Valerius Faceas. It [Sitsed bt the igh of the sua. ae hee, ofthe morsing ta? (6, Ovis, Fi. t49 of the ralsbow (Stat. These 195) 6 13% Thate is a0 yelb tains, and no geese need #9 spp Sohoaen,fovndt aed at fu sot tact aos ere Sporting to ourminds; nett vasious kinds weve so se7anged hat the game o018 be deven into shea and then Wild Flag be Uetiagusnes to ects of nes shoes with Wl tbe (ea vars wan to ucround tober, ana" rap-nees {ptagen) which woul be orn te hoowa iid of the gute, ‘Baduot very ae mars (oPhny, Ni soe t:e8 Senons, Phacd 2H. “alas tras curvice geivl) pore plage, lad {ecetes ropereeaqueos" See airs notes on Oppian, Cag. [typ f (Loeb editan) fora gaca sesount and J aysnaed [Bd syle hacer ronatas (Ears, 1992) foran pxhaorsive ay of te wine bjecs with some inestngeatatve pate, Eis Sierras Boon afer ntmartipe enact cen ts hear ee G reharica ee Shc oe sea eer ewe: Psoriatic euppost the seltailon of enpeeur in 255) euacelanderstand Whe Hows gaeremases 8 Le) Ba eon citar wos be sae inoned Sy ao pit ava Haare Spe sores spor to inimies in gone har ade dota ret these Proom arse ie a 206 Resi "Taian th Ansonia wee the ext ‘ihabitans of central and soutgera eniy. Lavinia aaa (0 ‘Blower the iar yf tavana a atin a lm dioman, appends, a en by (of Conway 00 Gays the only oearreace ofthe adjective faoveiue 5 ng Seep ae arc fora ia. > oe Eos ae is bdr, Se Sane of te tae lenge Etim aden eompacns the sotary sxampie of Saent (0343) st of Diane 49) te stowiny a i vari. safe aren Thee ERs tm fet {his be Gar shdcage" Joptar ands witha peremptory arr, ibe a soya Bows ane niina = 8 29878, Mercury ches he puts on he winged condals ad thes Up his masongors laf ead gue aur orae fo Corhage, 2 ‘ing ont on he posh of Atal Ste fads dono by eh tha bulking of Cartons searing 2 sued and clock tht Dido had (fem Mim He salves Fopier's matiage, aed tanithes frm Site ‘Yaga Bis own adaptation of Homes Od. ¥.43 8). “Viegta sound and ors twosld nave boon abausd fe to ake any shaageat Gea n sich s wacisonal derrp ton, Sthich shows Mercury putting os his od dees na Diving essengee 1238. parece pirabat: a type of thetorcal assonance incassed by Ptr fovalving vomcthing ees wordplay, when see to Bave pleased Roman eat ck Bi ioay, amoree lamers, Gail 928 deve tbun, i O48 cart sat Cura (Bove 808 parent “= pavtra es 204 sunk sau {eee Nordea) sof fim" Sonenlom, x sty cdtene™ inenta. in prose of Vell, Bath 99. 9 pend cone. ‘lonem extorarat pens Nepos Cim 12 "non pais amore ‘quam sore ductus" ate Noses, Die Anish Ruripvocs BL ze8, ck ET. Gating, European Litrare and the Ea Beate gee pp. 298 Eosbientcs wicoacy spate susie ‘Thin shone the dapied hastorm, dows he Aropp'd Fowasts tne graced bu teste ecko po nt moment rom his homes any esas Bettis wend ugh touch’ dad heawenwacd Swrler thas night non gone? sof compare Milton's dexrigtion af Raphael (20 2668). wa ehithee prone in ight ‘He speeds, ana through the vast etnacea sky Selb bevween worlds dnd worl, with steady wicg ‘Now cn the polar winds; thon wen guise Sherine ne wore 20 shade His lineaments divine the pa thal clad Esch moulder road came manting his ‘Wah regal ornaments te middle ga Gi ike» ary sone a wa an wand ‘Ans colours dipt im eave; the thisd his iest SeeaSw'd frost either eel wi fathered soi, Sty-tnceored grain. Lice Mia's son he stood fA shook Sue sium, that heaven ragrance Aled ‘The crea wide 249, Note the steady shythm which carries the reader on to "ie ourth foot canara suatinesi,ae borne on age Vega owe detail bt rapido.” miner se atl {Son of Homers dau mde ie Sequora: note that Veg overuse the dative or ablative pla form scpearoneafsough i ould ft the motes Bet Scjuoram 1 avoded because it mecca inerctabie 24h rapido: bing’ saan ative sense: toe Moca a0 $9 BIE! tiga: the cadtcius or herald a ad, when Mercury cor ied ei a mark ofhis ofr. What follows an explnsa de sack ana modern prosewrter would pt in a ootaote. 24a he bac reigns. "ons tan stad te beckons the set ae pate spit pom Oreva, ead with i he sends othe tsuin down co dismal Tartar, wit ibe svesaeep or with: EUS fd unsels men's eyes in death” Vig desctibes the uce ofthe sta Sy Mercy a hi capacity a gern gs crocs the werd ts porislaty wed of te notanoning”86 COMMENTARY ‘of sprite: may not mea mee than ghostly visitations in tara, be moro. pecbasty Viepi st iadenced hee by Grphie-Pythagoeean bella im incarnation: Nowdsn, (ox vitro) thinks that Ne fmmediate model was the Orphic Hymn to Hermes, 57.0 stony bogey opsis ward ee Seth, | dene, Sob by peo yee evden | soe Hike hia nbn wise | th ebia rire See ‘reo: fi lower sepions in general: Tareas (Fantrais an Ieroglas plural form waed oe motel conveniene) was spect place of punishment | Note hee” and Fanunds ia 244 "hui morte resignat: «beausifl and mysterious pase Sones Toosly used scsonpaaying ablative or Mackall pp. gi3i), gmat was expained by Tusnebus, the oe Ueadisantary Beacdschola, au tterting tthe castor of ‘opening the eyes ofthe dead’ upon the ie, 29 that they ‘gh ser thee way to theiraew tome (of Pliny, Wil 30} S’meaning ow genccally accepted (c. Stat The ik top mina vignan of losing the syeeo alien golden). This doubles he taal aente, but who ean tell what forehet ‘Reaning the words had fr the port sho wrste ofthe blessed ‘Sead “ngiow hie campos arts t lmune ves, parpe, folemgae suum, sua ncers sorunt” fi éyat}s Hy at Lindsay” (CP ahs 2952, 103) takes mona as “at the ‘Moment of death ‘and recinat a “opens Up’, laterpeetn fhe words ab mensing Mercury's power to titere © le maa who is onthe border in betwen fie and dens Editors have becn ansoyed Decaase Visg evs 9 ele, Asst to Bereurys power over the Geaa (202-9 ten 0 8 Doser over he living fiat somvor adimiius) hen, a thie Bhraee, again to his power over the Ges, Hesse Hlency foee fo tke mows ua leep” akong the pease a varios ot te Rest pert of the Hoe ¢sngula: views oe sec het Senate fh lege atin” death ton nay {he twin-brother of seep to male it matter to Veg whethe he gives an ones estaioge of Mery’ fanctny or nt ot assis ig heen aay we tt say tae in te ines Virgt rst describes Mercury's power over the wa ‘dead, tea his power over tke wakiag sed seeping ining, ite pores over hu sepng den? 245, il: Vigil ao fesume bs actoust of Mercury's jours. “isckat cards ite ae awuward seer ha lt 2457 a3 though {Bey were things oppend to each other tis captions, for hac -esgnat is caaly an ase, Geseibing toe gone Snctios ofthe tng, whi irre {with ts power takes ‘ep rirgam and gies ine parties use which Meseaty makes LINES 242-52 a oftt at tls moment. However, Mackail and others re peobe bly Sight io segarding she passage a2 Wise a lacking in Sgt ventas: Mercury’ elds the winds and “drives’ them at nelides Honey petstes him as exhorting the winds, exyg gente age! 246. nui: the strong pase ater eh run-on word give tan Ssagerated emphasis (costeast the fore ofthe pase aft Coupe, 264, aad ce note on 23), ir ooka a2 i ha lo the lind ola tough deat only wanporaiy tes tpt est of She Tine. Another inication of posse lack of nah the Fe srrect ofa tie coptctive Hoe inthe cco bast {helio an the group ot velines(e3e7) ending with veo 247. dui this suggests both the pascal sept of ths Bi ‘ogntain, ahd the sterile haciness of Alesse he ies Es head the stay of heaven's see BW. Crotwell a CB hie Toya pte fors theory thas Duras ay hove en » Homes soilet «nickname or Nt ala, ‘24h. This daseaption of Aas (pechape based & pant) Tas power, but i out ol place here and he narrative wo se ete et sui on em ar as tad ‘Megas thatthe four Lnes ace an early Sat, meant to De SS hed ect by the ang ine 7 Fe oper fon of Ailants gives a carous Prominence to the Suse, ‘which “dace not feom to nest sosh s soeming, sod Be Tinie spt a5, 240, nd 25 enotensby moastoncus {fg ana 23s are sdorticn” andateach the tad-ooreacsuea [Sthusroc by the moncoyllabe ars that the eiactve cactuca Jim the sogres fone gin 43) yet ths cannot oe prosed as ‘weakness, ip iow of sucks Couplet ae bars puppist {nt excutar promssoetagisey! volutus fn exput as {ibm fee Buctas todam ara a9 7 “nic Dolopen! mane, he maevagfendebaeAcsieny tsibor ie es, he 8s 249, For An ere and as. wach ate moun os “wel as the human Agure, Ving pases to Purely horas ears arg ea ure, Rh oc hs ‘Become a semen: Page regards the fot ae child 2 haces nticom if ope cemeabers. for sample, rome ofthe ook ‘25 tantaricpicvice to which ab excstion need be tenia eal, bc in ts contaxt nor eal sound ttle szangs ‘262 Chiles: Mercury was boen on Se: Cyllene in Acedia Tet e139): te allure same veel ase provdee a Sitimnatie toetcal pettrn. The god "came to a hale by ‘Mforvfbalanced wing! perfectly poised osbeplidedtocestheas cOMMENTAR: present participle mits suggests that hie fying and alight. lng te Jen simulta, nt ad ene pare 253. consist: the pause here is ebectve: Marcury Hed veep TOMU Atay, then dives down to texfool teat Carteage See eating road alee ding Page ely agg hine’- must ‘tom bere be dived Gown seanacd Blagg wit all his tay fore note the tcevacng of jfetive, pronous, and noun lta frases) te carport. 254, The tepeated circum cles shoes the bas weciag Tinea ilgets acer and secre sere, Sing Ww and clone 256-8, Some stor, including Ribbeck, ave condense these Tipe a sgusowe (rant stem vetear tay init et solebtent Ut vx de faude facta dubstare eatin Hynes comnen they are aot needed forthe senay, and gher sbosnce wold bot spod the picture, Pomibly 255-5 and 256-9 may wepte= {et fo origizaly alternative vets in Viegirs mind Toe Interesting saytbm suggents thatthe hoes ale Virion’ 256 there ua mental pons io midina ay er oS cel ‘nacied in sense bath wit eras aod with sacar, so thae fhe line depicts metrically a euty unending Aight ease aso {he astonance of ule tere nur this elees eared oi fe ext line where there io a0 pauun tl after Lidyae ch $e emi sar a Liason he de {ripton of Mercury's rst vist to Carthage). The: thyme ia ‘eleba scabarbasbeaa criizee Dott ute chareceratn {cinots on ss). Mackasl spats of he eomsy phrasing at {he cendlesness" of the lines, Page Sede them “dull and ‘nig Irvine cals them “bad in techaique's bat Shey have sound MS. authonty, and Tsaanot really sce that they ace ‘nworthy of Viel, even tough he bad paiiy got made v9 3S mind about the dal form athe whole paseage 243-55 45h, mateo’, ato: this might well be teed agld™ yet ‘he reiernce io Alas as Mercary's"mazernal grandither™ is wally to edt than Dardeniarhepae Venn {163 Wat ‘Pore ceevaat to citiiom i te ampresion gen tbat Atlas ‘as vomehow responsible for Mercury's gai. But Cpls Dros losing Clemua in 252, which Mackall cetcieen, s ache vege Samper 3i-bs (dndrpas and sons androgins 0 BoBang irtone ‘te erwin ng Chars hakd a Farms) 269. migalla: ce {gar ‘micator molem Aeneas, tugalia qos- dann et the new butidngs of Cartage, coatrases with os ‘shacks’ that they had been), Thre a kindred wavd i sho (rane babitata mapalia tects, and both ate seed LINES 252-2 & specially of Atrican nutewente, described by Sabuct (1 BEG) oblong, with curves siden Lew stipe’ Ball. Cas. sy oni. gn eajectuces tat magi ars on sneanures, Ta ntay tepuente hats Suse! mopeti ole hats Fhagine this Plede Early la David Copporaid would fave Fecggliea them exally conus a6o. ote tho edoctve flacog of Aenean: Aeneas i the Sest Berson tha ie ses “bullding batons and raking new Swetinge ro that repnarum immense (og) fea pene be, ‘These iW no inconsnteny mien 30-09 a Pease thse’ here ‘ado racked by her love, loess aterest in the work of Duuidngs Here, "the work i being continued by Aeneas fa 1appy pariaetship, now chat she has won Bima subi post Useseis as Arnone wth sjwsled sword sad purse Foi, = Tyran Asness, drsont outa magalicence by Dis, feta gave and sober an of destiny. I sannce endertaad ‘thy Mackall rogucas 264 a eather inlets paren ‘hess the ies se ghee, elcom seen, of Viele Soro ‘“ fundiltie fs novantem: ante fhe intra ‘aye’; the sion ‘before rear prevents te ine for eing’ 8. ta cpa’ (ouch a 288", 80,4. 38. 85,275, 56), 261, Gonspieit: ‘catches sight of” foot seat cease wt _ ‘igus, the word suggests the immediate, sudden point that sgtkes ba fe of te Plasto gu erm nae 00) 308 Bigeoni 297 283, enss the Sword itself is put for che scabbard, which was ‘razed with tay Jesse” (Mackall compares 0s ere ‘Shura, sword naa ivory sbas%8) chats agua word the purpe los “glows The whole picture is dasting™-and oriental ‘urice: property the sbell-isb Eom which purple ye was apa yan asthe cert and tee. al pup ‘hades. Pay makes fascinating rendseg on the waole sabe ject [xf Se ray Be sates (es) ofat the Toran Roe ‘eenibied that of elated bleed, moticens aspects temp ‘epecs rfuigens. ‘The conjoneson sere of yrian purple ee aopet Suey oe ebsual nthe Monova of Lady Favslawe (written to 167d), the wife of Vurgis tans

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