Jacob Laguardia BSCS-1B

Information Systems:

 Computers and information systems in daily life

Information system, an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for
providing information, knowledge, and digital products. Whether we are aware of it or not, we are
surrounded by networks through which information flows constantly. Our notions of time and location
are changing – the world seems to have become a 'global village' where distance is no longer a barrier to
commercial or social contact.

 Computer literacy and Information literacy

Computer literacy is defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology
efficiently, with a range of skills covering levels from elementary use to computer programming and
advanced problem solving. Information literacy is the ability to find, evaluate, organize, use, and
communicate information in all its various formats, most notably in situations requiring decision making,
problem solving, or the acquisition of knowledge.

 The beginning: Transaction Processing Systems

A Transaction Processing System is a set of information which processes the data transaction in
database system that monitors transaction programs. The system is useful when something is sold over
the internet. It allows for a time delay between when an item is being sold to when it is actually sold. An
example is that of a sporting event ticket. While the customer is filling out their information to purchase
the seat ticket; the transaction processing system is holding the ticket so that another customer cannot
also buy it.

 Management information systems

A management information system (MIS) is a computerized database of financial information organized

and programmed in such a way that it produces regular reports on operations for every level of
management in a company. It is usually also possible to obtain special reports from the system easily.
The main purpose of the MIS is to give managers feedback about their own performance; top
management can monitor the company as a whole.

 Using Information systems and Information technologies

Information systems are used to run inter-organizational supply chains and electronic markets. For
instance, corporations use information systems to process financial accounts, to manage their human
resources, and to reach their potential customers with online promotions. While Information
technologies are used to work with information and support the information -processing need of an
organization. These tools include; computers, software, routers, servers, printers, modems, just to name
a few.
  Future outlooks

This translates ostensibly that careers in the information technology sector are expected to grow
significantly in the upcoming years. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, jobs in computer
software engineering for example, are expected to grow by as much as 19 percent through 2020.

Computers: The Machine behind computing

 Defining a computer

Computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations
automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets
of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range
of tasks.

 The History of computer, Hardware and Software

Hardware includes the physical, tangible parts or components of a computer, such as the case, central
processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, speakers and
motherboard. While Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and
execute specific tasks. In the beginning of this tool, it started from a manual computer which known as
the Ishango bone, a bone tool that is used by the means of fingers, then it became the Abacus, then
people evolved it and called it the The Antikythera mechanism, it is believed to be the earliest
mechanical analog "computer", It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. Then Charles
Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable
computer. Considered the "father of the computer", he conceptualized and invented the
first mechanical computer in the early 19th century.

 Computer operations

Computer operations are a major part of the business education programs. Students learn to
operate computers in a modern computer lab using a variety of software that includes word processing,
spreadsheet, database, accounting, and desktop publishing. And the types of these are: Real-time
processing, Batch Processing, Multitasking, Interactive, Multiprogramming, Transaction processing,
Multi-processing and Timesharing.

 Input devices

Information and programs are entered into the computer through Input devices such as the keyboard,
disks, or through other computers via network connections or modems connected to the Internet.

 Output devices

Output Devices displays information on the screen or the printer and sends information to other
computers. They also display messages about what errors may have occurred and brings up message or
dialog box asking for more information to be input.
  Memory devices

Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily, like RAM, or
permanently, like ROM. Memory devices utilize integrated circuits and are used by operating systems,
software, and hardware.

 Classes of computers
 Desktop Computers – A case put under or on a desk. The display may be optional, depending on
use.
 Rackmount computers – A dedicated display, keyboard, and mouse may not exist.
 In-car computers – Built into automobiles, for entertainment, navigation, etc.
 Game consoles – Fixed computers built specifically for entertainment purposes.
 Laptops and notebook computers – Portable and all in one case.
 Tablet computer – Like laptops, but with a touch-screen, entirely replacing the physical
keyboard.
 Smartphones, PDAs and palmtop computers – Small handheld computers with limited
hardware.
 Programmable calculator– Like small handhelds, but specialized on mathematical work.
 Handheld game consoles – The same as game consoles, but small and portable.

 What is Software?
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.