C++ Versus Java

FEATURES PRESENT IN C++ AND ABSENT IN JAVA:

Pointers – Referencing and Dereferencing arbitrary memory locations

Reference Variable – To explicitly allow both calls by value and reference without use of pointers
Structures and Unions – Packing aggregate data types into named contiguous memory locations
Global Data – To facilitate modular software development using shared data paradigm
Implicit Typecasting – Automatic casting of data to the best fitting compatible data types
Operator Overloading – Syntactic sugar used to modify operator semantics relative to a class
Destructors – To free dynamic memory and finalize an object at its exact time of destruction
Multiple Inheritance – Multiple base classes for a derived class in an inheritance network
Default Arguments – Default values for function arguments if not explicitly specified in a program

FEATURES PRESENT IN JAVA AND ABSENT IN C++:

Unicode support – Allows international character sets to be encoded in a java character or string
Garbage Collection – Automatic Finalization of objects when the Reference Counter hits zero
Packages – To group like classes into a single namespace called a package
>>> – The unsigned right shift operator in addition to other C++ bitwise operators
Documentation Comments – For automatic documentation generation using “javadoc”
Interfaces – A Class prototype with no implementation, to allow flexible inheritance and callbacks
Labeled Break and Continue – To resolve any ambiguity relating to the target of a break/continue

OTHER DIFFERENCES:

JAVA
Java has built-in multithreading support in the
form of Thread classes, synchronization
primitives, mutual exclusion etc.
The Boolean Data type cannot be treated as an
integer with 0 or 1 values
Thrown exceptions must have a handler which
either handles the exception’s class or one of
its base classes
All exceptions must be classes derived from a
inheritance network whose root is the
Throwable class
The scope of an access control indicator in a
class is limited to a single variable or function
declaration statement
Object is destructed whenever the Garbage
Collection routine is automatically or manually
invoked.
C++
OS dependent external libraries like POSIX
Threads, Win32 Threads have to be used to
implement multithreaded applications
C++ internally represents Booleans as follows
false = 0, true = any non-zero value
Exceptions need not be caught in C++. Such
unhandled exceptions are handled by calling
the “abort” routine to terminate the program
Exceptions can belong to any class or can
even be a basic data type such as int or char or
float or pointers like char *
The scope of an access control indicator in a
class spans until the next occurrence of such
an indicator or until the end of the class
declaration
Object is destructed as soon as its scope is
completed or when the delete operator is
invoked to destroy dynamically created objects