3) t = 0; x(t) = 0; v(t) = v0 ; k constante > 0

Encontrar x(t) y x(v)

a) a(t) = kt2 sabiendo la a(t) podemos integrar para sacar v(t)

v
t
a(t) = dv
dt = kt2 → dv = kt2 dt → v0
dv 0 = 0
kt02 dt0 → v − v0 = 13 kt3

v(t) = v0 + 31 kt3

primamos la variables en las integrales para no confudirlas con los limites de integración.

ahora sabiendo v(t) podemos integrar para sacar x(t)

dx

x
t
v(t) = dt = v0 + 31 kt3 → dx = (v0 + 12 kt3 )dt → 0
dx = 0
(v0 + 13 kt3 )dt

1 4
x(t) = v0 t + 12 kt

Ahora despejamos t de v(t) para luego reemplazar en x(t) y así obtener x(v)
q
v(t) = v0 + 31 kt3 → 3(v−v k
0)
= t 3
→ t = 3 3(v−v0 )
k
q q q q q 4
x( 3 3(v−v
k
0)
) = v 0 ( 3 3(v−v0 )
k ) + 1
12 k( 3 3(v−v0 ) 4
k ) → x( 3 3(v−v0 )
k ) = v 0
3 3(v−v0 )
k + k 3(v−v0 ) 3
12 ( k )
q 4
x(v) = v0 3 3(v−vk
0) k 3(v−v0 ) 3
+ 12 ( k )

b) a = −kv 2

v
t −1 v
a(t) = dv
dt = −kv 2 → dv = −kv 2 dt → v12 dv = −kdt → v0
v 0−2 dv = 0
−kdt0 → v |v0 = −kt → − v1 + 1
v0 = −kt → 1
v0 + kt = 1
v

v0
v( v10 + kt) = 1 → v(t) = 1
1
+kt
= 1+ktv0
v0

v0
v(t) = 1+ktv0

v0 v0

x
t
t 1
v(t) = dx
dt = 1+ktv0 → dx = ( 1+ktv0 )dt → 0
dx0 = ( v0 )dt0
0 1+kt0 v0
→ x(t) = v0
kv0 0 u du → x(t) = k1 ln|1 + ktv0 |

du 1
u = 1 + ktv0 → dt = 1 + ktv0 → du = kv0 dt → kv0 du = dt
√
x(t) = ln| k 1 + ktv0 |

Ahora para sacar x(v), despejamos t de v(t) y reemplazamos en x(t)

v0 v0 −v 1 1
v(t) = 1+ktv0 → v(1 + ktv0 ) = v0 → v + vktv0 = v0 → t = vkv0 →t= vk − kv0

1
x( vk − 1
kv0 ) = k1 ln|1 + kv0 ( vk
1
− 1
kv0 )|
1
→ x( vk − 1
kv0 ) = k1 ln|1 + ( vv0 − 1)| → x( vk
1
− 1
kv0 ) = k1 ln| vv0 |

x(v) = ln| k vv0 |

p

Otra manera de resolverlo hubiese sido

v
x
a = −kv 2 → dv
dt = −k dx
dt v →
dv
dt dt = −kvdx → v1 dv = −kdx → 1
v0 v 0
dv 0 = −k 0
dx → ln|v| − ln|v0 | = ln| vv0 | = −kx

x(v) = − k1 ln| vv0 | = ln| k vv0 |

p

Despejamos v de x(v)

x = k1 ln| vv0 | → kx = ln| vv0 | → ekx = v0

v → v(ekx ) = v0 → v(x) = v0
ekx
por denicion v = dx
dt
 v0

x 0
t
dx
dt = ekx
→ ekx dx = v0 dt → 0
ekx dx = 0
v0 dt0

u = kx → du = kdx → k1 du = dx

1 u
k e du = v0 t → k1 ekx − 1
k = v0 t → ekx = k(v0 t + k1 ) → ln(ekx ) = ln[k(v0 t + k1 )] → kx = ln[k(v0 t + k1 )] → x(t) = k1 ln(kv0 t + 1)
√
x(t) = ln( k kv0 t + 1)

c) a = kvx

v
x
dv
dt = kx dx
dt → dv = kxdx → v0
dv 0 = k 0
x0 dx0 → v − v0 = 12 x2 → v(x) = v0 + k2 x2
q
x(v) = k2 (v − v0 )

dx 2v0 +kx2

x
dt = v0 + k2 x2 = 2 → 2
2v0 +kx2 dx = dt → 2
2 dx = dt → 1
v0
1
0 1+ kx2
dx = dt
2v0 (1+ kx
2v ) 2v
0 0
q kx √ √ √ q
kx2 kx2 kx 2v 2v0
u2 = 2v0 →u= 2v0 → du = q1 2kx
2v0 → du = kx
q → du = 1√
2v0 x k
= √0
2v0 x k
= √ k
2v0
→ du = √ k dx
2v0
→ k du = dx
2 kx2
2v0 kx2 √
2v0 2v0 2v0

√

x 2v

x
x √ √
x
t
p 2v √ √
0 √ 0
1 1 2v0 1 2 v0 1
k
du = v0
k
du = √ du = √ du = dt → √ 2 arctan(u)|x0 = t
v0 0 1+u2 1
0 1+u2 v0 k 0 1+u2 v0 k 0 1+u2 0 kv0
√ √ q q √ q √
2 kx2 kv0 kv0
√ 2 arctan(u)|x0 = √kv2 arctan( kx ) = t → = tan(t ) → x k
2v0 = tan(t )
√ √
kv0 0 2v0 2v0 2 2
√ q
x(t) = tan(t √kv20 ) 2vk0