Fluke New Salesman Why Calibrate

Why Calibrate ??
Fluke Company Profile
Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 1

Practical Example
Do you believe your weigh scale at

home…?

Practical Example
…. and the one in the hospital?


Another Practical Example
• Think about the high fuel prices

• When you fill up your car you want to be sure that the amount of Gas
is exactly the amount you pay for
• But: Are you sure?
• Is the indication 10 liters exactly 10 liters?
• Take a look and try to find a calibration sticker

• Once every period a certified calibration technician checks the amount
of gas which is delivered with calibrated equipment
• This story is not only valid for the end-user but for every billing point in
the chain

Fuel Prices
• Imagine you‟ll get 1 % less at the pump as what you pay for
• You‟ll drive 30,000 km/year
• Fuel consumption 13 km/l
• Consumption per year 30,000/13 = 2307 l/year
• Fuel price €1.55/l which means € 3,576 per year
• You have paid (1.01 * 2307 * 1.55) = € 3,611 this year

• Difference € 35
• Imagine there are 6 million cars in NL

Another Practical Example
• Now you buy a new television set with certain parameters

• Are you sure the set performs as defined and as you expects?
• This can be measured with Test and Measuring (T&M) equipment at
the final inspection stage of the manufacturing process or during the
process itself
• This T&M equipment must be calibrated to make sure the indication is
within defined limits

• The calibration equipment must also be calibrated and must be better
than the equipment being measured (Test Uncertainty Ratio)
• This example brings us to the chain of calibrations up to the National
or International standards

Other Examples
• Medical Applications
– Check of hospital equipment
• Safety
– Energy
* Nuclear Power Plant
– Aviation
* Maintenance of aircrafts
– Transport
* Elevators
• Military
• Research

Electrical Calibration, an Example
• The next example shows the Electrical Calibration process

– Don‟t look at the real numbers, it‟s just an example

The Calibration Chain
Your Electricity System @ Home

230V 10%
Need a multimeter measuring 230V

50Hz with uncertainty better then:
1% (1:10)

Your Multi Meter:

230V 1%
Need a calibrator generating 230V

50Hz with uncertainty better then
0.1% (1:10)

Your Calibrator.
230V 0.1%
Need a reference standard measuring

230V 50Hz with uncertainty better
then 0.01% or 100 ppm (parts per

million)

Your Standard
230V 0.01%
Need a reference standard measuring

230V 50Hz with uncertainty better
then 0.001% or 10 ppm (parts per
million)

Your Reference Standard.

230V 0.01%
Need a national or international

standard with uncertainty better
then 0.001% (10 ppm )

Traceability
• This Calibration Chain up to National or International Recognized

Standards is called Traceability
• Traceability is the unbroken chain of calibrations from an unknown
device up to the National or International Standards
• Every country maintains their own National standards or relies on
National Standards from other countries
• National Standards are compared to other National Standards and are

traceable to the highest standards kept or defined in Paris

Why do you need Traceability
• Imagine a small island, with a city on one side of the island

• In this city there‟s a shop selling clocks and watches
• A customer in this shop asks the salesman: “I see that all your clocks
indicate the same time. Is this time the right time?”
• “Yes”, he says
• “How do you know” asks the customer

• “Quite easy, On the other side of the island, there lives a man who
fires a canon every day at exactly noon”
• “And at that time, I adjust all my clocks, and so, I‟m certain that they
indicate the right time”
• “Interesting”, says the customer, “Let‟s visit that canon-guy”

Why do you need Traceability
• Customer asks the canon-guy: “Are you firing every day your canon at
exactly noon?”
• “Yes”, he said. “And how do you know that it‟s exactly noon?”, the
customer asked
• “Quite easy”, he said, “I look at my watch”
• “And how do you know that your watch indicates the right time?”
• “Oh”, he said, “Every month I bring a visit to the city, and there‟s a
shop, selling clocks and watches, and they indicate the right time, so I
adjust my watch to them, and that‟s how I know that my watch
indicates the right time”

Calibration and Accreditation
• Governments do find calibration that important that they‟ve put

National Organizations in place to calibrate in the name of the
government
• This system is called Accreditation
• An accredited laboratory is allowed to calibrate parameters in such a
way that they are internationally accepted
• The international norm for this is ISO 17025

The calibration chain
• Low level laboratories of calibrations in the field

• Laboratories calibrating work-standards
• Laboratories calibrating primary standards
– Accreditation
• National Laboratories
– Or other countries national laboratory

• BIPM (Paris)
• SI definitions

Calibration Horror Stories
• A TV station's studio-transmitter-link microwave carrier frequency was

incorrectly tuned such that the receiver captured the signal from a
competing broadcaster
• Suddenly, the station was transmitting pictures from the other
channel's studio
• It transpired that although the frequency counter had been checked, its
reference oscillator (timebase) hadn't been adjusted back to nominal.

• A city police department's radar speed violation tickets were legally

invalidated in court after somebody proved the calibration process for
the radar guns wasn't traceable to national standards.

• A manufacturer of DC power supply units (PSU) used a voltmeter and

shunts to measure load currents of its prototypes.
• The meter was calibrated regularly but the shunts were not -- the
reason (wrongly) being that "they're passive so they don't need it“
• One shunt got "cooked" through misuse, increasing its resistance
• This meant the PSU delivered lower power than assumed and results
of thermal tests were over-optimistic

• When the error was finally found, it took months to requalify a series of
PSUs before they could actually be put into production.

The Story of the Egyptian Cubit

• One of the earliest records of precise measurement is from Egypt.

• The Egyptians studied the science of geometry to assist them in the
construction of the Pyramids.
• It is believed that about 3000 years BC, the Egyptian unit of length
came into being.
• The "Royal Egyptian Cubit" was decreed to be equal to the length of
the forearm from the bent elbow to the tip of the extended middle
finger plus the width of the palm of the hand of the Pharaoh or King
ruling at that time

• The Royal Cubit Master was carved from a block of black granite to
endure for all time.
• Workers building tombs, temples and pyramids were supplied with
cubit sticks made of wood or granite.
• The Royal Architect or foreman of each construction site was
responsible for maintaining and transferring the unit of length of the
workers‟ cubit sticks.

• It was required that the cubit sticks would be brought at each full moon
to be compared with the Royal Cubit Master.
• Failure to do so was punishable by death.

• Though the punishment prescribed was severe, the ancient

Egyptians had anticipated the spirit of the present day system of
legal metrology, standards, traceability and calibration recall
• With this standardization and uniformity of length, the Egyptians
achieved surprising accuracy
• Thousands of workers were engaged in building the Great Pyramid of
Giza
• Through the use of cubit sticks, they achieved an accuracy of 0.05%.
In roughly 756 feet or 9,069.4 inches, they were within 4 1/2 inches.
• See http://www.ncsli.org/misc/cubit.cfm

Calibration,
cornerstone
of your quality
system

Your
calibration
activity

Your Workload to be
calibrated

Unit under calibration
• Multimeters
• Oscilloscopes
• Data loggers
• Counter/timers
• Process Calibrators
• X-Y/ X-t Recorders
• Electronic Thermometers
• Panel Meters
• Power Meters
• Etc..

Multimeters
• Analog Multimeters
• Handheld 3.5/4.5 DMM‟s
• Bench 5.5 DMM‟s
• High performance 6.5-8.5
DMM‟s

Oscilloscopes
• Handheld ScopeMeter Tools.

• Analog Bench Scopes.
• Digital Bench Scopes.

Your Calibration System
Your Workload to be
calibrated

• Calibrators
• Standards
• Support
• Training, Service

Calibrators
• Multi Product Calibrators:

• 5500A/5520A/9100
• Multi Function Calibrators:
• 5700A-II/5720A/4808
• Amplifiers:
• 5725A/4600
• Oscilloscope Calibrator:
• 9500/5820A

Standards
• DC references:
– 732B/734A/7000
• Resistance standards:
– 742A Series
• Reference dividers:
– 752A/720A

Standards (cont‟d)
• AC/DC transfer standards:

– 792A/A40
• AC Measurement Standards:
– 5790A
• Frequency standards:
– 901R/905R/908/909/910/910R

High Performance Multi Meters
• 8508A
• 8845/46A

Quality Standards
• Quality Manual
• ISO 9000 Registration
• Accreditation

Support, Training, Services
• CALNET Services
• Training
• Support
• Repair

Calibration/Asset management
• Consistency
• Asset management
• Workload management
• Procedure management
• Traceability management
• History management
• Environmental conditions
• Maintenance/repair management
• Location management
• Reports/Certificates
MET/CAL Plus

Your Calibration/Asset
Management System
Your Workload to be
calibrated

Example of a Calibration

A Typical Instrument Calibration
• Identify and obtain the instrument

• Select the appropriate calibration procedure
• Verify proper operation
• Repair and adjust as needed
• Record the results
• Update history records

• Prepare certificates and reports
• Return the instrument

Identify and Obtain the Instrument
• How often is calibration needed

• Use a scheduled recall process
– Minimize out-of-service time
– Minimize production down time
• Ensure transportation and storage
do not affect operating characteristics
• Notify the cal-lab if necessary

– Hot shipment

Select the Appropriate Procedure
• Start with manufacturers recommended procedures

• Test all functions and ranges used
• Modify with limitations or enhancements when appropriate
• Ensure that non-standard instruments have special procedures and
labels

How many test should be performed and
at what cost?
How many tests do

Money you have to perform?
And how much do

you want to pay for it?
No of tests
Automation of one single instrument

Verify Proper Operation
• Match test procedure to measurement need

– Pass/fail or GO/NO GO
– Exact error determination at each test point
• „As-found‟, „as-left‟ verification

Repair if Needed
• Repair only when necessary

– “if it is not broken, don‟t fix it”
– Repair activity often part of calibration activity
– Module exchange vs. Component fault isolation
• On-recall instruments subject to shipping damage
– Insurance?
• Battery exchange?

Adjust As Needed
• Adjust Only When Necessary

– “If it is not Broken, don‟t Fix it”
• Does the owner know the instrument is adjusted
• Partial Vs. Full Adjustment

Record the Results
• Document each test point

• Record any or all measured errors
• Record „as-found/as-left‟ results when appropriate

Update the History Records
• Change recall interval as appropriate

• Requirements for the formal calibration certificate
• Calibration labels

Prepare Certificates and Reports
• Calibration certificate
– Accredited?
• Calibration report
• Calibration seal
• Notify user if found significantly out of tolerance
– Adjust?
– Reject?
– Scrap?
• Instrument seals

Return the Instrument
• Notify user
– Holidays
• Arrange for special handling
– Hot shipment
– Airline restrictions
• Pack carefully
• Ensure safe shipment

Questions?

Fluke New Salesman Why Calibrate

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Why Calibrate ??

Fluke Company Profile

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 1

Do you believe your weigh scale at

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 2

…. and the one in the hospital?

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 3

• Think about the high fuel prices

• Take a look and try to find a calibration sticker

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 4

• You have paid (1.01 * 2307 * 1.55) = € 3,611 this year

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 5

• Now you buy a new television set with certain parameters

within defined limits

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 6

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 7

• The next example shows the Electrical Calibration process

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 8

Your Electricity System @ Home

Need a multimeter measuring 230V

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 9

Your Multi Meter:

Need a calibrator generating 230V

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 10

Need a reference standard measuring

then 0.01% or 100 ppm (parts per

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 11

Need a reference standard measuring

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 12

Your Reference Standard.

Need a national or international

then 0.001% (10 ppm )

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 13

• This Calibration Chain up to National or International Recognized

• National Standards are compared to other National Standards and are

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 14

• Imagine a small island, with a city on one side of the island

• “How do you know” asks the customer

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 15

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 16

• Governments do find calibration that important that they‟ve put

• The international norm for this is ISO 17025

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 17

• Low level laboratories of calibrations in the field

– Or other countries national laboratory

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 18

• A TV station's studio-transmitter-link microwave carrier frequency was

reference oscillator (timebase) hadn't been adjusted back to nominal.

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 19

• A city police department's radar speed violation tickets were legally

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 20

• A manufacturer of DC power supply units (PSU) used a voltmeter and

of thermal tests were over-optimistic

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 21

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 22

• One of the earliest records of precise measurement is from Egypt.

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 23

workers‟ cubit sticks.

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 24

• Though the punishment prescribed was severe, the ancient

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 25

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 26

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 27

Fluke Calibration Wim Sibon 29 October 2009 28