NON STANDARDIZED TEST

INTRODUCTION:-

Non standardized test is a teacher made test. These are very useful in evaluating the
students, progress to report parents & administers. These test are frequently the basis of evaluating the
students progress in school or colleges. Although specific purpose of test & the intended use of the result may
vary from one institution to another or form one teacher to another.

Non-standardized assessment looks at an individual's performance, and does not produce scores
that allow us to compare that performance to another's. It allows us to obtain specific information about the
student, and this can be in different formats. Another term for non-standardized testing is informal testing.
These tests are classroom tests and are usually developed by the teacher as opposed to some group of outside
testers. These classroom tests assess students' learning over a period of time or after a particular unit of study.

Teacher made test are valuable because-

 Permit the teachers to ascertain an individual students strength & weakness & his needs.
 Provide for continuing checking.
 Provide immediate feedback for the teacher.
 Provide information which is the basis for a report on the progress of student.
 Help the teacher to develop more deficient teaching strategies.
 Motivates the students.

DEFINITION:-

Non-standardized assessment looks at an individual's performance, and does not produce

scores that allow us to compare that performance to another's. It allows us to obtain specific information about
the student, and this can be in different formats.

Another term for non-standardized testing is informal testing. These tests are classroom tests
and are usually developed by the teacher as opposed to some group of outside testers. These classroom tests
assess students' learning over a period of time or after a particular unit of study.

Non standardized tests give the individual performance of a student. It does not compare the

ANKITA SAHU
MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
performance of one student with the other. A non standardized test does not produce scores. A non
standardized test gives the specific information about the particular student. It is widely used in different fields.

CLASSIFICATION OF TEST

NON STANDARDIZED TEST

Free response
Fixed response

Essay type Short answer Very short answer objective

type

Multiple choice matching dichotomous

FREE RESPONSE

It is a type of question used in tests in education, workplace, and government. Most free
response questions ask or require the test-taker to state a belief, opinion, or write a short essay and support it
with facts, examples, or other evidence. However, few tests solely rely on these types of problems, and tend to
work in conjunction with other types, such as multiple choice. Free response questions generally test more than
straight knowledge and ask for a "big picture" type of response. Also, they usually allow the taker to choose an
area in which they are familiar.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
ESSAY TYPE TEST:-

It is very difficult to give an exact definition of an essay type test. The test in which the
students responds to the teacher in writing is called a written test. The test commonly in use in school &
colleges. An essay test presents one or more questions or other tasks that require extended written responses
from the person being tested. It requires the students to structure a long written response up to several
paragraph. Essay questions are based on themes and overall ideas. Teachers like to use essay questions because
they give students the opportunity to express everything they’ve learned over the weeks or months, using their
own words. Essay test answers reveal more than the bare facts, though. When submitting essay answers,
students are expected to cover lots of information in an organized, sensible manner.

DEFINITION:-

An essay test is where you are asked to respond to a question by assimilating the information,
digesting it, thinking it through, and then writing your thoughts down in an organized, logical, and meaningful
way that reflects your knowledge of the subject matter.

BY- WIKIPEDIA

Essay item is an item that requires the student to structure a rather long written response
upto several paragraph.

BY- WILLIAM WIERSMA

CLASSIFICATION OF ESSAY TEST:-

It is subdivided into two types-

1) EXTENDED RESPONSE- No restriction is placed on the student as the points he will use. Most
important, pertinent & relevant material whatever he wishes can be use.
2) RESTRICTED RESPONSE- In restricted response the student is more limited or restricted in or
as to the form & scope of his/ her answer, because student is specifically told the context in which is to be
made.
PRINCIPLES FOR PREPARING ESSAY TYPE TEST:-
 Do not give too many lengthy questions.
 Questions should be well structured with specific purpose.
 Words should be simple & clear.
 Do not allow too many choices.
 According to the level of students difficulty & complexity items has to be selected.
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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
ADVANTAGES OF ESSAY TYPE TEST:-

1) All cognitive levels can be addressed with essay questions.

2) It takes less time to write an essay test (only because there are fewer questions to write).
3) Students’ organizational skills are also measured.
4) Test the ability to communicate in writing depth of knowledge & understanding.
5) In this type abilities like logical thinking, critical reasoning & systematic presentation etc. can be best
evaluated.
6) It provides an opportunity of their thought & fertility of their imagination as they are permitted freedom
of response.
7) It can measure complex learning outcomes which cannot be measured by other means.
8) It provides less scope for the use of unfair means.
9) It stresses on integration & application of thinking & problem solving skills.

DISADVANTAGES OF ESSAY TYPE TEST:-

1) Lack objectivity.
2) Provide little useful feedback.
3) Mood of examiners.
4) Contaminated by extraneous factors like spelling, good handwriting, colored writing, neatness, length
of answer.
5) Some examiners too liberal in making & some too strict.
6) Essay tests can indirectly measure attitudes, values & opinions.
7) Essay questions have question to question carry effect. A student who gives the best answer in the
beginning of the answer book is likely to get more marks in the subsequent question & vice- versa.
8) Speed of writing may influence the performance of the student. Speed can cover all question’s answer.
9) Essay question have examinee to examinee to carry effect which means that a particular student may
get marks not only on the basis of what he/ she has written but also on the basis of the answer of the previous
students.

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE ESSAY TYPE TEST:-

1) The expected length of answer of each question should be indicated on the paper.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
2) While preparing questions, it should be kept in mind that the maximum subject matter content is
covered.
3) There should be a clear instruction to the students regulating the number of questions to be attempted,
marks given to each question or there of & marks reserved for any special purpose, such as diagram neatness
etc.
4) Don't start essay questions with words such as name, list, who, what, where, etc. These do not indicate
that thinking beyond recall is required; use a different kind of question instead.
5) Don't wait until the last minute to write. Allow time to review and rewrite.
6) Essay type should include a variety of questions to asses abilities like knowledge, understanding,
synthesis & application & questions should be may be arranged in order of difficulty, i.e. from the easier to
more difficult.
7) There should be clear instruction to the students regulating the number of question to be attempted,
marks given to each question or part there of & marks reserved for any special purpose.

FIXED RESPONSE-

Fixed-response tests are tests that include a collection of items for which there is one right answer.
Students do not construct an answer; instead, they pick their answer from the options provided. Fixed-response
tests typically are machine scored.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE:-

Question should be drafted in such a way, that the answer calls for a predetermined &
precise concept. The answer is expected in short & can be expressed in different forms. Ideally only one
answer is acceptable. Short answer type test is between an essay type test & an objective type test. In short
answer item, student or examinee is to respond to the item with a work, short phrase, number of a symbol. A
short answer test items aim to test the knowledge by asking student to supply a word phrase, or number that
answers a question of complete a sentence.
DEFINITION:-
ACC. TO K D HOPKINS:-
The short answer test is an objective test in which each items is in the form of
direct question, a stimulus word or phrase, a specific problem or an incomplete statement or question.

The three common varieties of the short answer form are as follows:-

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
1) THE QUESTION VARIETY :- here the item is presented as direct question.
Eg- who is the founder of modern nursing.
2) THE COMPLETION VARIETY:- here an incomplete statement is used.
Eg- sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure.
3) THE ASSOCIATION VARIETY:- here a few items are given outside the bracket. Students are
expected to write the exactly related response in the bracket.
Eg- write the name of the common instruments which measures the following temperature(……), blood
pressure, heart rate (………)

ADVANTAGES OF SHORT TYPE TEST:-

 Short answer test is easy to construct them as they measure only simple learning outcomes.
 They are very useful for the recall of simple memorized facts, & figures & it required to supply
information or to solve numerical problem.
 There is little scope for the influence of handwriting & spelling etc. on marking.
 It is useful in evaluating the ability to interpret diagram, charts & graphs.
 They are useful to test lowest level of cognitive taxonomy, i.e. knowledge of terminology, classification
etc.
 A relatively large sample of the content can be covered by the inclusion of a large number of short
answer question.

DISADVANTAGES OF SHORT TYPE TEST:-

 Difficulty in construction of reliable items.

 They are not suitable for judging the power of analyzing & reasoning of the student.
 They are not suitable for measuring complex learning outcomes.

PRINCIPLES FOR PREPARING SHORT TYPE TEST:-

 Each items should deal with important content area.

 Question can be as long as possible, but answer should be short.
 Use precise, simple & accurate language in relation to the subject matter area.
 Provide the necessary space for answer below each question asked.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
  Language of the question should be simple.
 A scoring key should be prepared.
 The number of words the answer should contain must be specified.
 To test the knowledge of definition & or the comprehensive technical terms, use a direct question in
which the term is given & a definition is asked for.

OBJECTIVE TYPE TEST-

A test consisting of factual questions requiring extremely short answers that can be quickly and
unambiguously scored by anyone with an answer key, thus minimizing subjective judgments by both the person
taking the test and the person scoring it.

It refers to any written test that requires the examinee to select the correct answer
from among one or more of several alternatives or supply a word or two & that demands on objective
judgment when it is scored.

DEFINITION:-
ACC. TO WIERSMA & G JURS-
Objective test items are items that can be objectively scored items on which persons select a
response from a list of person.

ACC. TO EBEL & FRISBE-

Objective test is one that can be provided with a single predetermined test of correct answer so
that objective opinion or judgment in the scoring procedure is eliminated.

ADVANTAGES OF OBJECTIVE TYPE TEST:-

 It can be scored objectively & easily. The scoring will not vary from time to time or from examiner to
examiner.
 In this type, more extensive & representative sampling can be obtained. This reduces the role of luck &
cramming of expected question.
 They discourage cramming & encourage thinking, observation & scouting.
 It measure the higher mental processes of understanding application, analysis, prediction &
interpretation.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
DISADVANTAGES OF OBJECTIVE TYPE TEST:-

 Takes a lot of time & effort in preparing the test.

 The construction of adequate objective type test items is difficult. It requires special abilities & is time
consuming.
 Provides little or no opportunity for measurement of students ability to organize & to express thoughts.
 Guessing is possible. No doubt the chances of success may be reduced by the inclusion of a large
Number of items.

CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTIVE TYPE TEST:-

MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE TEST:-

Multiple choice is a form of assessment in which respondents are asked to select the best
possible answer (or answers) out of the choices from a list. The multiple choice format is most frequently
used in educational testing, in market research, and in elections-- when a person chooses between multiple
candidates, parties, or policies.
Multiple choice items consist of a stem and a set of options. The stem is the beginning
part of the item that presents the item as a problem to be solved, a question asked of the respondent, or an
incomplete statement to be completed, as well as any other relevant information. The options are the possible
answers that the examinee can choose from, with the correct answer called the key and the incorrect answers
called distractors.[3] Only one answer can be keyed as correct. This contrasts with multiple response items in
which more than one answer may be keyed as correct.

There are various forms in multiple choice items –

 CORRECT ANSWER FORM:- It contains three or more choices but only one of them is correct.

 BEST ANSWER FORM:- In this one or more or all choices may be correct but one of them is the
best answer. The examinee is required to select the best one.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
 INCOMPLETE STATEMENT FORM:- Here the stem is incomplete & can be completed by the
correct response. The examinee is asked to select the correct one.
 SUBSTITUTION FORM:- In this form, the word outlined in the stem is to be substituted by the
correct response.
 COMBINED RESPONSE FORM:- Here the choices are different phrases or sentences of a
paragraph. The examinee is required to correct order of the phrases or sentences.

ADVANTAGES OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE TEST:-

 It can measure from the most elementary knowledge level to the most complex level, understanding &
judgment & ability to solve problems.
 It can be scored entirely objectively, quickly & accurate by machines, clerks & even students
themselves.
 It reduce the effect of guessing because they are three or four choices.
 Objective in scoring because the key for the correct answer is prepared along with the test.
 Their format is helpful in item analysis to find out the area of weakness of the students.

DISADVANTAGES OF MULTIPLE CHOICE TYPE TEST:-

 It is very difficult to construct.

 It is very difficult to find four choices for each items.
 It do not permit the examinee to express their own views.
 It cannot measure attitude or motor skills.
 Element of guess work is not entirely eliminated.
MATCHING TYPE TEST:-
Matching items are another popular selected response format. These items require
students to match information in two columns. Items of left hand column are called premises & those in right
hand column are called response, students are required to locate the correct responses of each premise.
A matching item consists of two columns: one column of stems or problems to be answered, and another
column of responses from which the answers are to be chosen. Traditionally, the column of stems is placed
on the left and the column of responses is placed on the right.
USES OF MATHING TYPE TEST:-
 it should be used only when the teacher is constructing multiple choice items & discovers that there are
several such items having the same alternatives.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
 It used if the teacher is interested in testing the knowledge of terms of items, definition, dates, events &
other matters involving simple relationship.

ADVANTAGES OF MATCHING TYPE TEST:-

 Many question can be asked in a limited period of time, because they require relatively little reading
time.
 Matching test can be constructed relatively easily & quickly.
 Comparatively the scoring is also easier.
 Space can be saved.

DISADVANTAGE OF MATCHING TYPE TEST:-

 If sufficient care is not taken in their preparation they may encourage serial memorization rather than
association.
 It is sometimes difficult to get clusters of questions that are sufficiently a like so that so that a common
set of responses can be used.
 They are not well adapted to testing for the acquisition of knowledge or understanding of & ability to
use relatively interpretive ideas.

ALTERNATE RESPONSE TYPE TEST

This form of test items is used most often is relation to the recall level of cognition.
it is also effective in ascertaining beliefs & attitudes the awareness or responding level of the effective
domain, when students are directed to explain a rationale or defend a choice, the comprehensive level of
cognition is being evaluated.
There are varieties in alternate response items. Some of the most common variations of
alternative response items are as follows-

TRUE- FALSE VARIETY:-

A true false items consists of a statement or propositions which the examinee must judge &
mark either true or false. The true false test, a form that is very popular with classroom teachers has been the
object of more criticism than any other form of objective test.

YES- NO VARIETY:-

This variety consist of direct question or declarative statement that is to be answered with a yes or no.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
RIGHT- WRONG VARIETY:-

In this variety usually pairs of words are given. Here the students have been directed. i.e. if
two words have opposite meaning write (R) if not write (w)

CLUSTER VARIETY:-
In this, there is one incomplete stem or statement with several suggested answers to
be judged as true or false. It permits the item- written to ask many questions using a single stem & thereby
conversing space & reading time.

ADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATE TYPE TEST:-

 Good for young children, who have poor reading habits.
 Can be scored easily & quickly, reliably & objectively.
 It provide high reliability per unit of testing time.
 It is more adaptable to most content area.
 It provide a simple & direct means for measuring the outcomes of formal instructions.

DISADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATE TYPE TEST:-

 Usually they emphasizes rate memorization.
 Students scores on his tests can be unduly influenced by good or bad luck in guessing.
 They lend themselves most easily to cheating. These can be attempted even by those who know nothing
of the subject matter.
 They exclusive limited to learning outcomes in the knowledge domain.
 Several facts are not entirely true or entirely false.

DICHOTOMOUS QUESTIONS:-
When a question has two possible responses, we consider it dichotomous. Surveys often use dichotomous
questions that ask for a Yes/No, True/False or Agree/Disagree response. There are a variety of ways to lay
these questions out on a questionnaire: A dichotomous key is a method for determining the identity of
something (like the name of a butterfly, a plant, a lichen, or a rock) by going through a series of choices that
leads the user to the correct name of the item. Dichotomous means "divided in two parts".

At each step of the process of using the key, the user is given two choices; each alternative leads to another
question until the item is identified.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
 ORAL TEST
Oral test consisting of a dialogue where the examiner asks questions & the candidate
will reply. Oral examination is a face to face question answer activity between the examiner & examinee.

AIMS & OBJECTIVES:-

 To asses a students ability to communicate orally with another person.
 To identify & analyse students presence of mind exposed through oral questioning.
 To evaluate the cognitive, affective & psychomotor abilities.
 To evaluate the soundness of the knowledge acquired by the student through various forms of
questions.
 To diagnose students limitation & weakness & to take remedial action.

TYPES OF ORAL TEST:-

There are various forms of oral examination:-
1) Interview
2) Quiz contest
3) Viva voce
4) Panel discussions

ADVANTAGES OF ORAL TEST:-

 Provides direct personnel contact with the candidates.
 It helps a teacher to know whether a student knows.
 It helps a teacher to make evaluation continuous.
 It permits free response by students
 It permits the examiner to determine how well a student can synthesize integrate & organize his ideas
& express himself.
 The student can ask for clarification.
 It is valuable for testing physically handicapped student who are unable to written test.

DISADVANTAGE OF ORAL TEST:-

 They are usually unplanned.

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MSC (N) 1ST YEAR
 Oral examination provide for a very limited sampling of the content of a course.
 It does not test a student extensively or efficiently.
 Students who are shy in nature are likely to be adversely affected by the presence of an examiner.
 Lacks standardization, objectivity & reproducibility of results
 Costly in terms of professional time & limited value of the information.
PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
To develop appropriate professional skills over a time with consistent practice.
Transportation facilities should be provided to take the students to the places of examination.

PURPOSES:-
The practical examination should be conducted in actual field i.e. hospital, clinic, wards &
health centre’s associated with parent school of nursing, to asses-
 The ability of student to give care in practical situation.
 Able to meet the needs of the client & work along with others.
 Ability to best nursing care possible according to the facilities available in the field.
 Ability to give need based health education.

ADVANTAGE:-
 Provide the opportunity to test all the senses in a realistic situation.
 Attitudes of the students can be observed & tested including the responsiveness to a complex situation.
 Possibility of performances evaluation in clinical situation.
 Provide opportunity to test the ability to communicate under pressure & to arrange the data in a final form.

DISADVANTAGE:-
 Lacks objectivity & suffers from irrelevant factors.
 Limited feasibility of large groups.
 Lacks objectivity & suffers from irrelevant factors.
 Emergencies in the wards may act as hindrances.
 Takes longer time to complete the examination for the entire group.

ANKITA SAHU
MSC (N) 1ST YEAR