Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
In Chile, students from the poorest sectors register lower school achieve- Keywords
ment levels. This failure has been explained from several approaches and,
although many government and private initiatives currently exist, their Educational psychology
results show no significant educational achievements. The purpose of this Teachers
theoretical paper is to establish the conceptual research foundations for a Epistemological beliefs
study on teaching staff, from the perspective of the thoughts and beliefs of Beliefs about learning and
the teachers themselves, which we believe are the key to understanding their teaching
performance. Basic adaptive mechanisms would lead to the teacher develop-
ing simple knowledge —inaccessible to consciousness— to resolve problems Early literacy
without unnecessary cognitive effort. This would lead to classroom activi- Initial math education
ties guided more by a belief system rather than through formal knowledge. Poverty
If these facts are ignored, then the traditional practices will continue to be
reproduced.
1 Este artículo forma parte del Proyecto Fondecyt nº 1120550, titulado “Creencias epistemológicas, sobre el aprendi-
zaje y la enseñanza en contextos de pobreza, en estudiantes de pedagogía y formadores de profesores”.
2 Tasa neta de asistencia básica: número total de alumnos de 6 a 13 años que asisten a básica por sobre la población
de 6 a 13 años.
3 Para ampliar la información sobre la asignación del grupo socioeconómico consultar: “Metodología de construc-
ción de grupos socioeconómicos en SIMCE 2009 4° Básico”, en: http://www.simce.cl/fileadmin/Documentos_y_
archivos_ SIMCE /Documentos_tecnicos_investigadores/Metodologia_de_Construccion_de_Grupos_
Socioeconomicos_en_SIMCE_4to_Basico_2009.pdf (consulta: 2 de junio de 2011).
Referencias
Abric, Jean Claude (1993), “Central System, Peri- Anderson, Judy, Paul White y Peter Sullivan (2005),
pheral System: Their functions and roles in “Using a Schematic Model to Represent
the dynamics of social representations”, Pa- Influences on, and Relationships between
pers on Social Representations, vol. 2, núm. Teachers’ Problem-Solving Beliefs and Prac-
2 , pp. 75 -78. tices”, Mathematics Education Research
Abric, Jean Claude (2001), Les représentations socia- Journal, vol. 17, núm. 2, pp. 9-38.
les: aspects théoriques, pratiques sociales et Aparicio, José Alfredo (2007), Concepciones implí-
représentations, París, Presses Universitaires citas sobre el aprendizaje en estudiantes uni-
de France. versitarios, Tesis doctoral, Madrid, Facultad
Alexander, Patricia, Diane Schallert y Victoria de Psicología de la Universidad Autónoma
Hare (1991), “Coming to Terms: How re- de Madrid.
searchers in learning and literacy talk about Arenas, Patricia, Mariela Casas y Marcela Cruzat
knowledge”, Review of Educational Research, (2010), “Concepciones educativas de las edu-
vol. 61, pp. 315-343. cadoras de párvulos sobre la alfabetización
Alexander, Patricia, Karen Murphy, Joseph Guan inicial”, Intersecciones Educativas, vol. 2, pp.
y Pricilla Murphy (1998), “How Students and 83-94.
Teachers in Singapore and the United States Armstrong, Alice (2010), “Myths of Poverty. Rea-
Conceptualize Knowledge and Beliefs: Po- lities for students”, The Educational Digest,
sitioning learning within epistemological vol. 75, núm. 8, pp. 49-53.
frameworks”, Learning and Instruction, vol. Au, Katherine (1998), “Social Constructivism and
8, núm. 2 , pp. 97-116. the School Literacy Learning of Students of
Allport, Gordon (1962), La naturaleza del prejuicio, Diverse Backgrounds”, Journal of Literacy
Buenos Aires, Eudeba. Research, vol. 30, núm. 2, pp. 297-319.