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In the "timer" function mode, the counter is incremented in every machine cycle. Thus, one can think of it as
counting machine cycles. Hence the clock rate is 1/12 th of the oscillator frequency.
In the "counter" function mode, the register is incremented in response to a 1 to 0 transition at its
corresponding external input pin (T0 or T1). It requires 2 machine cycles to detect a high to low transition.
Hence maximum count rate is 1/24 th of oscillator frequency.
The operation of the timers/counters is controlled by two special function registers, TMOD and TCON
respectively.
Timer Mode control (TMOD) Special Function Register:
TMOD register is not bit addressable.
TMOD
Address: 89 H
The input pulse is obtained from the previous stage. If TR1/0 bit is 1 and Gate bit is 0, the counter continues
counting up. If TR1/0 bit is 1 and Gate bit is 1, then the operation of the counter is controlled by input.
This mode is useful to measure the width of a given pulse fed to input.
Timer Mode-1:
This mode is similar to mode-0 except for the fact that the Timer operates in 16-bit mode.