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Present Perfect This sentence means that you have had the
FORM experience of being in France. Maybe you have
[has/have + past participle] been there once, or several times.
I have been to France three times.
Examples: You can add the number of times at the end of
You have seen that movie many times. the sentence.
Have you seen that movie many times? I have never been to France.
You have not seen that movie many times. This sentence means that you have not had the
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms experience of going to France.
I think I have seen that movie before.
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign languages.
We use the Present Perfect to say that an A: Have you ever met him?
action happened at an unspecified time before B: No, I have not met him.
now. The exact time is not important. You
CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year We often use the Present Perfect to talk about
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived change that has happened over a period of
in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, time.
etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with Examples:
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, You have grown since the last time I saw you.
once, many times, several times, before, so far, The government has become more interested
already, yet, etc. in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular
Examples: courses at the university since the Asian studies
I have seen that movie twenty times. program was established.
I think I have met him once before. My English has really improved since I moved to
There have been many earthquakes in Australia.
California.
People have traveled to the Moon. TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
People have not traveled to Mars. We often use the Present Perfect to list the
Have you read the book yet? accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. You cannot mention a specific time.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United Examples:
States? Man has walked on the Moon.
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United Our son has learned how to read.
States. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? Scientists have split the atom.
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very
confusing to English learners. It is best to TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are
associate Present Perfect with the following Expecting
topics: We often use the Present Perfect to say that an
action which we expected has not happened.
TOPIC 1 Experience Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are
You can use the Present Perfect to describe still waiting for the action to happen.
your experience. It is like saying, "I have the Examples:
experience of..." You can also use this tense to James has not finished his homework yet.
say that you have never had a certain Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can
experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to communicate.
describe a specific event. Bill has still not arrived.
Examples: The rain hasn't stopped.
I have been to France.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
Present Perfect 201
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We also use the Present Perfect to talk about With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-
several different actions which have occurred in continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the
the past at different times. Present Perfect Present Perfect to show that something started
suggests the process is not complete and more in the past and has continued up until now.
actions are possible. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Examples: Tuesday" are all durations which can be used
The army has attacked that city five times. with the Present Perfect.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this Examples:
semester. I have had a cold for two weeks.
We have had many major problems while She has been in England for six months.
working on this project. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little
She has talked to several specialists about her girl.
problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Although the above use of Present Perfect is
Time Expressions with Present Perfect normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and
When we use the Present Perfect it means that non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words
something has happened at some point in our "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are
lives before now. Remember, the exact time sometimes used in this way even though they
the action happened is not important. are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.