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Present Perfect 201

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Present Perfect This sentence means that you have had the
FORM experience of being in France. Maybe you have
[has/have + past participle] been there once, or several times.
I have been to France three times.
Examples: You can add the number of times at the end of
You have seen that movie many times. the sentence.
Have you seen that movie many times? I have never been to France.
You have not seen that movie many times. This sentence means that you have not had the
Complete List of Present Perfect Forms experience of going to France.
I think I have seen that movie before.
USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now He has never traveled by train.
Joan has studied two foreign languages.
We use the Present Perfect to say that an A: Have you ever met him?
action happened at an unspecified time before B: No, I have not met him.
now. The exact time is not important. You
CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year We often use the Present Perfect to talk about
ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived change that has happened over a period of
in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, time.
etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with Examples:
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, You have grown since the last time I saw you.
once, many times, several times, before, so far, The government has become more interested
already, yet, etc. in arts education.
Japanese has become one of the most popular
Examples: courses at the university since the Asian studies
I have seen that movie twenty times. program was established.
I think I have met him once before. My English has really improved since I moved to
There have been many earthquakes in Australia.
California.
People have traveled to the Moon. TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
People have not traveled to Mars. We often use the Present Perfect to list the
Have you read the book yet? accomplishments of individuals and humanity.
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. You cannot mention a specific time.
A: Has there ever been a war in the United Examples:
States? Man has walked on the Moon.
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United Our son has learned how to read.
States. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect? Scientists have split the atom.
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very
confusing to English learners. It is best to TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are
associate Present Perfect with the following Expecting
topics: We often use the Present Perfect to say that an
action which we expected has not happened.
TOPIC 1 Experience Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are
You can use the Present Perfect to describe still waiting for the action to happen.
your experience. It is like saying, "I have the Examples:
experience of..." You can also use this tense to James has not finished his homework yet.
say that you have never had a certain Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can
experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to communicate.
describe a specific event. Bill has still not arrived.
Examples: The rain hasn't stopped.
I have been to France.
TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times
Present Perfect 201
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We also use the Present Perfect to talk about With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-
several different actions which have occurred in continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the
the past at different times. Present Perfect Present Perfect to show that something started
suggests the process is not complete and more in the past and has continued up until now.
actions are possible. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since
Examples: Tuesday" are all durations which can be used
The army has attacked that city five times. with the Present Perfect.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this Examples:
semester. I have had a cold for two weeks.
We have had many major problems while She has been in England for six months.
working on this project. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little
She has talked to several specialists about her girl.
problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Although the above use of Present Perfect is
Time Expressions with Present Perfect normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and
When we use the Present Perfect it means that non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words
something has happened at some point in our "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are
lives before now. Remember, the exact time sometimes used in this way even though they
the action happened is not important. are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are ADVERB PLACEMENT


looking in for an experience. We can do this The examples below show the placement for
with expressions such as: in the last week, in grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never,
the last year, this week, this month, so far, up ever, still, just, etc.
to now, etc. Examples:
You have only seen that movie one time.
Examples: Have you only seen that movie one time?
Have you been to Mexico in the last year? ACTIVE / PASSIVE
I have seen that movie six times in the last Examples:
month. Many tourists have visited that castle. Active
They have had three tests in the last week. That castle has been visited by many tourists.
She graduated from university less than three Passive
years ago. She has worked for three different
companies so far. Present Perfect - Use
My car has broken down three times this week. 1) Result of an action in the past is important in
the present
NOTICE I have cleaned my room.
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very
different in meaning. "Last year" means the 2) Recently completed action
year before now, and it is considered a specific He has just played handball.
time which requires Simple Past. "In the last
year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is 3) Action beginning in the past and still
not considered a specific time, so it requires continuing
Present Perfect. We have lived in Canada since 1986.
Examples:
I went to Mexico last year. 4) together with lately, recently, yet
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before I have been to London recently.
this one.
I have been to Mexico in the last year. Signal words
I have been to Mexico at least once at some just, yet, never, already, ever, so far, up to now,
point between 365 days ago and now. recently, since, for
USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-
Form
Continuous Verbs)
have/has + past participle
Present Perfect 201
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Examples You've not played
I've not played football.
Affirmative sentences: football.
I haven't played
You have played You haven't played
I have played football. football.
football. football.
I've played football.
You've played football. Questions:
Negative sentences: Have you played
Have I played football?
I have not played You have not played football?
football. football.

Example: I _____________ my father's car. (to wash)

Answer: I have washed my father's car.

1) Karen ________ me an e-mail. (to send)


2) Dave and Pat ________ the museum. (to visit)
3) I_________ at the pet shop. (to be)
4) They ________already ___________their rucksacks. (to pack)
5) Marcus _____________an accident. (to have)
6) We _________ the shopping for our grandmother. (to do)
7) I _________just_________ my bike. (to clean)
8) Emily __________her room. (to paint)
9) Lisa and Colin ____________to a concert. (to go)
10) My friends _________________smoking. (to give up)

Choose the correct words or phrases.

1) Peter ___________football yesterday. (to play)


2) They ____________the car. It looks new again. (to clean)
3) Last year we ___________ to Italy.(to go)
4) John and Peggy ____________the book. Now they can watch the film.(to read)
5) I ____________ my friend two days ago.(to meet)
6) We ______________another country before.(to visit)
7) She ____________ a new car in 2005.(to buy)
8) I'm sorry, but I ____________ my homework.(to fotget)
9) ____________the game of chess?(to win)
10) The girls ___________ their lunch yet.(to eat)

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