TUGAS MATEMATIKA DISKRIT

Kelompok 7

1.1 Exercise
5) What is the negation of each of these propositions?

a) Steve has more than 100 GB free disk space on his laptop.

b) Zach blocks e-mails and texts from Jennifer.

c) 7·11·13=999.

d) Diane rode her bicycle 100 miles on Sunday

jawab :

a. Steve tidak memiliki lebih dari 100 GB ruang disk kosong di laptopnya

b. Zach tidak memblokir e-mail dan teks dari jennifer

c. 7.11.13 ≠ 999
d. Diane tidak mengendari sepedanya 100 mil pada hari minggu

14) Let p, q, and r be the propositions

p :You get anA on the final exam.

q :You do every exercise in this book.

r :You get anA in this class.

Write these propositions using p, q, and r and logical connectives (including negations).

a) You get an A in this class, but you do not do every exercise in this book.

b) YougetanAonthefinal,youdoeveryexerciseinthis book, and you get anA in this class.

c) To get anA in this class, it is necessary for you to get anA on the final.

d) You get anA on the final, but you don’t do every exercise in this book; nevertheless, you
get anA in this class.

e) Getting anA on the final and doing every exercise in this book is sufficient for getting anA
in this class.

f) YouwillgetanAinthisclassifandonlyifyoueither do every exercise in this book or you get anA

on the final.

p : kamu dapat A di ujian akhir

q : kamu mengerjakan setiap latihan soal di buku

r : kamu dapat A di kelas

jawab :
 a. 𝑟 → −𝑞
b. (𝑞 ∧ 𝑝) ∧ 𝑟
c. 𝑝↔𝑟
d. (𝑝 ∧ −𝑞) → 𝑟
e. (p ∧ 𝑞) → 𝑟
f. ((𝑟 ↔ 𝑞) ∨

23) Write each of these statements in the form “if p, then q” in English. [Hint: Refer to the list of
common ways to express conditional statements.]

a) Itsnowswheneverthewindblowsfromthenortheast.

b) Theappletreeswillbloomifitstayswarmforaweek.

c) That the Pistons win the championship implies that they beat the Lakers.

d) It is necessary to walk 8 miles to get to the top of Long’s Peak.

e) Togettenureasaprofessor,itissufficienttobeworldfamous.

f) Ifyoudrivemorethan400miles,youwillneedtobuy gasoline.

g) Your guarantee is good only if you bought your CD player less than 90 days ago.

h) Jan will go swimming unless the water is too cold.

Jawab :

a. Jika angin bertiup kapan pun, maka angin bertiup dari timur laut

b. jika tetap hangat selama sehingga, maka pohon apel akan berbunga

c. jika pistons mengalahkan lakers, maka pistons memenangkan kejuaraan

d. jika berjalan 8 mill maka sampai ke puncak long’s peak

e. jika terkenal di dunia, maka mendapatkan jabatan sebagai profesor

f. jika anda mengemudi lebih dari 400 mil, maka anda harus membeli bensin.

1.2 Exercise
3) Youcangraduateonlyifyouhavecompletedtherequirements of your major and you do not owe
money to the university and you do not have an overdue library book. Express your answer
in terms of g: “You can graduate,”
m:“Youowemoneytotheuniversity,”r:“Youhavecompletedtherequirementsofyourmajor,”and
b:“Youhave an overdue library book.”

Jawab :

kamu dapat lulus jika kamu telah menyelesaikan persyaratan jurusanmu dan kamu tidak
berutang uang kepada universitas dan kamu tidak memiliki buku perpustakaan yang sudah
lewat waktu. Misal: g = anda bisa lulus

m = anda berutang uang ke universitas

 r = anda telah melengkapi persyaratan

b = anda telah memiliki buku perpustakaan yang sudah lewat waktu

16) Anexploreriscapturedbyagroupofcannibals.Thereare two types of cannibals—those who

always tell the truth and those who always lie. The cannibals will barbecue the explorer
unless he can determine whether a particular cannibal always lies or always tells the truth.
He is allowed to ask the cannibal exactly one question. a) Explain why the question “Are you
a liar?” does not work. b) Findaquestionthattheexplorercanusetodetermine whether the
cannibal always lies or always tells the truth.

Jawab :

seorang penjelajah ditangkap oleh sekelompok kanibal, ada 2 jenis kanibal-kanibal yang
selalu mengatakan yang sebenarnya dan mereka yang selalu berbohong. Kanibal akan
dipanggang penjelajah kecuali dia dapat menentukan apakah kanibal selalu berbohong atau
selalu mengatakan yang sebenarnya, dua diizinkan untuk menanyakan kanibal 1 pertanyaan

a. jelaskan mengapa pertanyaan “ apakah anda berbohong?’ tidak bekerja

b. temukan pertanyaan yang dapat digunkan penjelajah untuk menentukan apakah kanibal
selalu berbohong atau selalu memberi tahu kebenaran

A says “We are both knaves” and B says nothing. Exercises 24–31 relate to inhabitants of an
island on which there are three kinds of people: knights who always tell the truth, knaves
who always lie, and spies (called normals by Smullyan [Sm78]) who can either lie or tell the
truth. You encounter three people, A, B, and C.You know one of these
peopleisaknight,oneisaknave,andoneisaspy.Eachofthe
threepeopleknowsthetypeofpersoneachofothertwois.For each of these situations, if
possible, determine whether there isauniquesolutionanddeterminewhotheknave,knight,and
spy are. When there is no unique solution, list all possible solutions or state that there are no
solutions.

24) A says“C istheknave,” B says,“A istheknight,”and C says “I am the spy.”

1.3 Exercise
7) Use De Morgan’s laws to find the negation of each of the following statements.

a) Jan is rich and happy.

b) Carlos will bicycle or run tomorrow.

Jawab :

a. Jan miskin dan sedih

b. Carlos tidak akan mengendarai sepeda ataupun berlari besok

c. Mei tidak berjalan ataupun naik bus ke kelas

d. ibrahim tidak pintar dan bukan pekerja keras.

11) Show that each of these conditional statements is a tautology by using truth tables.
 a) (p∧q)→ p

b) p → (p∨q)

c) ¬p → (p → q)

d) (p∧q)→ (p → q)

e) ¬(p → q)→ p

f) ¬(p → q)→¬

Show that each conditional statement in Exercise 9 is a tautology without using truth tables

Jawab :

19) Showthat¬p ↔ q andp ↔¬p are logically equivalent.