46 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security,

Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010

New Frame Work of Hidden Data with in Non

Multimedia File
Hamdan.O.Alanazi 1, Hamid A.Jalab 2, A.A Zaidan 3 and B.B Zaidan 4
1
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology / King Saud University
Riyadh /Saudi Arabia
hamdan.alanazi@yahoo.com

2
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology/University of Malaya
Kuala Lumpur/Malaysia
dr_hamidjalab@yahoo.com, aws.alaa@gmail.com, bilal_bahaa@hotmail.com

Abstract: Nowadays, the rapid development of multimedia and
internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It
becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital
information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy
and distribute, therefore it will be faced by many threatens. It’s a
big security and privacy issue with the large flood of information
and the development of the digital format, it become necessary to
find appropriate protection because of the significance, accuracy
and sensitivity of the information. Nowadays protection system
classified with more specific as hiding information, encryption
information, and combination between hiding and encryption to
increase information security, the strength of the information
hiding science is due to the non-existence of standard algorithms
to be used in hiding secret messages. Also there is randomness in
hiding methods such as combining several media (covers) with
different methods to pass a secret message. In addition, there are
no formal methods to be followed to discover the hidden data. For
this reason, the task of this research becomes difficult. In this
paper, a new system of information hiding is presented. The
proposed system aim to hidden information (data file) in any
execution file (EXE) after PE-header and to detect the hidden file
and we will see implementation of steganography system which
embeds information in an execution file. (EXE) files have been
investigated. The system tries to find a solution to the size of the
cover file and making it undetectable by anti-virus software. The
system includes two main functions; first is the hiding of the
information in a Portable Executable File (EXE after PE-header),
through the execution of four process (specify the cover file,
specify the information file, encryption of the information, and
hiding the information) and the second function is the extraction
of the hiding information through three process (specify the steno
file, extract the information, and decryption of the information).
The system has achieved the main goals, such as make the relation
of the size of the cover file and the size of information independent
and the result file does not make any conflict with anti-virus
software.
Keywords: Cryptography,Steganography,PortableExecutableFile
1. Introduction
Steganography is the art of hiding and transmitting
data through apparently innocuous carriers in an effort to
conceal the existence of the data, the word Steganography
literally means covered or hiding writing as derived from
Greek. Steganography has its place in security[1]. It is not
intended to replace cryptography but supplement it. Hiding
a message with Steganography methods reduces the chance
of a message being detected. If the message is also encrypted
then it provides another layer of protection [2]. Therefore,
some Steganography methods combine traditional
Cryptography with Steganography; the sender encrypts the
secret message prior to the overall communication process,
as it is more difficult for an attacker to detect embedded
cipher text in a cover [3]. In the field of Steganography,
some terminology has developed. The adjectives 'cover',
'embedded’ and 'stego' were defined at the information
hiding workshop held in Cambridge, England. The term
"cover" refers to description of the original, innocent
massage, data, audio, video, and so on. Steganography is not
a new science; it dates back to ancient times [4]. It has been
used through the ages by ordinary people, spies, rulers,
government, and armies [4]. There are many stories about
Steganography [5]. For example ancient Greece used
methods for hiding messages such as hiding it in the belly of
a share (a kind of rabbits), using invisible ink and pigeons.
Another ingenious method was to shave the head of a
messenger and tattoo a message or image on the messenger
head. After allowing his hair to grow, the message would be
undetected until the head was shaved again. While the
Egyptian used illustrations to conceal message. Hidden
information in the cover data is known as the "embedded"
data and information hiding is a general term encompassing
many sub disciplines, is a term around a wide range of
problems beyond that of embedding message in content. The
term hiding here can refer to either making the information
undetectable or keeping the existence of the information
secret. Information hiding is a technique of hiding secret
using redundant cover data such as images, audios, movies,
documents, etc. This technique has recently become
important in a number of application areas [5]. For example,
digital video, audio, and images are increasingly embedded
with imperceptible marks, which may contain hidden
signatures or watermarks that help to prevent unauthorized
copy [6]. It is a performance that inserts secret messages
into a cover file, so that the existence of the messages is not
apparent [7]. Research in information hiding has
tremendous increased during the past decade with
 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security, 47
commercial interests driving the field [7].
2. Portable Executable File
The proposed system uses a portable executable file as
a cover to embed an executable program as an example for
the proposed system [8].
2.1 Concept Related with PE- File
The addition of the Microsoft® windows NT™
operating system to the family of windows™ operating
systems brought many changes to the development
environment and more than a few changes to applications
themselves. One of the more significant changes is the
introduction of the Portable Executable (PE) file format. The
name "Portable Executable" refers to the fact that the format
is not architecture specific [9].In other words, the term
"Portable Executable" was chosen because the intent was to
have a common file format for all versions of Windows, on
all supported CPUs [11].The PE files formats drawn
primarily from the Common Object File Format (COFF)
specification that is common to UNIX® operating systems.
Yet, to remain compatible with previous versions of the MS-
DOS® and windows operating systems, the PE file format
also retains the old familiar MZ header from MS-DOS
[11].The PE file format for Windows NT introduced a
completely new structure to developers familiar with the
windows and MS-DOS environments. Yet developers
familiar with the UNIX environment will find that the PE
file format is similar to, if not based on, the COFF
specification [10].The entire format consists of an MS-DOS
MZ header, followed by a real-mode stub program, the PE
file signature, the PE file header, the PE optional header, all
of the section headers, and finally, all of the section bodies
[12].
2.2 Techniques Related with PE
Before looking inside the PE file, we should know
special techniques some of which are [12]:
2.2.1General view of PE files sections
A PE file section represents code or data of some
sort. While code is just code, there are multiple types of
data. Besides read/write program data (such as global
variables), other types of data in sections include application
program interface (API) import and export tables, resources,
and relocations. Each section has its own set of in-memory
attributes, including whether the section contains code,
whether it's read-only or read/write, and whether the data in
the section is shared between all processes using the
executable file[8].Sections have two alignment values, one
within the desk file and the other in memory. The PE file
header specifies both of these values, which can differ. Each
section starts at an offset that's some multiple of the
alignment value. For instance, in the PE file, a typical
alignment would be 0x200. Thus, every section begins at a
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010
file offset that's a multiple of 0x200.Once mapped into
memory, sections always start on at least a page boundary.
That is, when a PE section is mapped into memory, the first
byte of each section corresponds to a memory page. On x86
CPUs, pages are 4KB aligned, while on the Intel
Architecture IA-64, they're 8KB aligned [12].
2.2.2Relative Virtual Addresses
In an executable file, there are many places where
an in-memory address needs to be specified. For instance,
the address of a global variable is needed when referencing
it. PE files can load just about anywhere in the process
address space. While they do have a preferred load address,
you can't rely on the executable file actually loading there.
For this reason, it's important to have some way of
specifying addresses that are independent of where the
executable file loads [12].To avoid having hard coded
memory addresses in PE files, RVAs are used. An RVA is
simply an offset in memory, relative to where the PE file
was loaded. For instance, consider an .EXE file loaded at
address 0x400000, with its code section at address
0x401000. The RVA of the code section would be:
(Target address) 0x401000 – (load address) 0x400000 =
(RAV) (1)
To convert an RVA to an actual address, simply reverse
the process: add the RVA to the actual load address to find
the actual memory address. Incidentally, the actual memory
address is called a Virtual Address (VA) in PE parlance.
Another way to think of a VA is that it's an RVA with the
preferred load address added in [11],[12].
2.2.3Importing Functions
When we use code or data from another DLL, we're
importing it. When any PE files loads, one of the jobs of the
windows loader is to locate all the imported functions and
data and make those addressees available to the file being
loaded [13],[14].
3. Methodology
3.1 System Concept
Concept of this system can be summarized as hiding
the data or any information data in the Section header
within executable file so there is no function or routine
(open-file, read, write, and close-file) in the operating
system to extract it. This operation can be performed in two
alternative methods: Building the file handling procedure
independently of the operating system file handling
routines. In this case we need canceling the existing file
handling routines and developing a new function which can
perform our need, with the same names. The advantage of
these methods is it doesn't need any additional functions,
which can be identified by the analysts. And it can be
executed remotely and suitable for networks and the internet
applications. The disadvantage of these methods is it needs
to be installed (can not be operated remotely). So we choose
48
this concept to implementation in this paper.
Figure 1. First Method of the System Concept
Figure 2. Second Method of the System Concept
(IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security,
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010
3.2 System Features
• The hiding operation data in the Section header within
EXE file using computation between encryption and
Steganography techniques increases the degree of
security for the information hiding which is used in the
proposed system because the data which is embedded
inside the EXE file is not embed directly of EXE file, it
will be hiding of triplex space within EXE file. So the
attacker cannot be guessing the information hidden.
• It's very difficult to extract the hidden information it's
difficult to find out the information hiding , that is because
of three reasons:
o The information hiding will be encrypted before hiding of the
information by AES method; this method very strong, 128-bit key
would be in theory being in range of a military budget within 30-
40 years. An illustration of the current status for AES is given by
the following example, where we assume an attacker with the
capability to build or purchase a framework that tries keys at the
rate of one billion keys per second. This is at least 1 000 times
faster than the fastest personal computer in 2004. Under this
assumption, the attacker will need about 10 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 years to try all possible keys for the weakest version.
o The attacker impossible guessing the information hiding inside
the EXE file because of couldn't guessing the real size of (EXE
file and information hiding).
o The information hiding should be decrypted after retract the
information.
• The cover file can be executed normally after hiding
operation. Because the hidden information already hide
Section header and thus cannot be manipulated as the
exe.file, therefore, the cover file still natural, working
normally and not effected, such as if the cover is EXE
file (WINDOWES XP SETUP) after hiding operation
it'll continued working, In other words, the EXE file had
been installed of windows.
• Virus detection programmers’ can't detect such as files,
the study transverse from the beginning according to the
style in the use of detectable by viruses, programs that
tell us to avoid the additional disclosures. As there are
many forms of detection methods by ant-viruses there are
those who depend on the style of string matching and
forms. Many of these do not reveal evidence added to
the signature and it depends disclosed only viruses
known. Other method heuristic depends on the type of
expectations and the detection of unknown viruses
depends. This technique to distinguish the added code to
use a series of directives row or a change in entry point
code for the program as non - matching refers to the
evidence found in the structure of the program with the
fact that the form of or install the program and this last
point is important to us precisely because , the addition
data to the Section header may require a change in some,
So that structure taken in the process of concealment
does not result in any change in the composition and
structure of file, That is why the EXE file undetectable
 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security, 49
by Unit-Virus.
3.3 The Proposed System Structure
To protect the hidden information from retraction the
system encrypts the information by the built-in encryption
algorithm provided by the java. The hiding operation can be
performed as shown in Figure 3. The retraction operation
can be performed as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 3. Hiding Operation
Figure 4. Retraction Operation
4. Testing of the System
There are two fundamental approaches to identifying
test cases, these are know as functional and structure testing,
each of these approaches has several distinct test case
identification methods, more commonly called testing
methods, functional testing is based on the view that any
program can be considered to be a function that maps values
from its input domain to values in its output range.
(Function, domain and range) this notion is commonly used
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010
in engineering. There are two distinct advantages to
functional test cases: they are independent of how the
software is implemented, so if the implementation changes,
the test cases are still useful and test case development can
occur in parallel with the implementation, thereby reducing
overall research development interval, on other side,
functional test cases frequently suffer from two problems:
there can be significant redundancies among test cases, and
this is compounded by the possibility of gaps of untested
software. As shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Approaches to Identifying Test Cases
When systems are considered to be "black boxes" test
cases are generated and executed from the specification of
the required functionality at defined interfaces, this leads to
the function of the black box is understood completely in
terms of its inputs and outputs, as shown in Figure 6. Black-
box testing has some important advantages:
• It doesn't require that we see the code we are testing.
Sometimes code will not be available in source code
form, yet it can still construct useful test cases without it.
The person writing the test cases does not need to
understand the implementation.
• The test cases do not depend on the implementation.
They can be written in parallel with or before the
implementation. Further, good black-box test cases do
not need to be changed. Even if the implementation is
completely rewritten.
• Constructing black-box test cases causes the programmer
to think carefully about the specification and its
implications. Many specification errors are caught this
way.
The disadvantage of black box testing is that its
coverage may not be as high as we'd like, because it has to
work without the implementation. But it's a good place to
50 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security,
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010

start when writing test cases, with the functional approach
to test case identification; the only information that is used
is the specification of the software.
Version or Vista).
• Installation (JDK).
• Installation (Java Editor)
• Installation (Microsoft Excel Worksheet 2003
Or 2007)
• Installation (Microsoft Office Word
Document 2003 or 2007).
• Installation (Software Antivirus 2010).
• Installation (Real Player Programme).
• Installation (Jet Audio Programme).
• Installation (ACDSEE Programme).
• System application for this research.

4.2.2 Inputs
Figure 6. Black box The system has two types of inputs:
• Inputs for cover (EXE Files), there are five types of cover (EXE
Files) for different size.
4.1 Process of the Test • Inputs for information hidden, four text for different size, four
image for different size, four video for different size. four audio
for different size.
4.1.1 Test Case One
Make compare between cover files size after and Table 1: Inputs for Test Cases.
before hiding operation. Four tables to compare between size
after and before hiding operation, table 2: different size for
cover with different type of the EXE files and same size for
information of each type for multimedia files (text, video,
audio and image), table 3: same size for cover with same
type of the EXE files and different size for information of
each type for multimedia files (text, video, audio and
image), table 4: different size for cover with same type of
the EXE files and Same Size for information of each type
for multimedia files (text, video, audio and image), table 5:
different size for cover with same type of the EXE files and
different size for information of each type for multimedia
files (text, video, audio and image).

4.1.2 Test Case Two

Testing for the usage of EXE files after the hiding
operation done, four pictures approve the cover (EXE Files)
usage after the hiding operation and these pictures divides
to, first picture for text, second picture for image, third
picture for video, fourth picture for audio.
4.2.3 Expected Results
• Secure cover (EXE Files).
4.1.3 Test Case Three
• The hidden information can be of any type for multimedia files.
Testing for Scanning Result (undetectable by • The size of cover file didn’t change after hidden process.
antivirus software) , four pictures approve the cover (EXE • These cover (EXE Files) usage after the hiding operation.
Files) undetectable for antivirus software after the hiding • These cover (EXE Files) undetectable for antivirus software after
operation and these pictures divides to , first picture for the hiding operation.
text., second picture for image, third picture for video,
fourth picture for audio.
4.3 A Proposed Test Cases
4.2 Test Cases Details
Test cases are known preconditions, inputs and 4.3.1 Proposed Test Case One
expected results, which is worked out before the test is In this test case can be shown tables for cover files and
executed. The definition of software installation needed for information hidden after and before hiding operation for all
test an (Preconditions) and the definition inputs should types of multimedia files (text ,image, audio and
needed for test an (Inputs) and the definition predictable video),which related with this system , approve these cover
results, for outputs an (Except Results). (EXE Files) are secure and the size of cover file didn’t
change after hidden process.
4.2.1 Preconditions
• Installation (Microsoft Windows XP for Any
 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security, 51
Table 2:
Different Size for Cover with Different Type of the EXE
Files and Same Size for Information of Each Type for
Multimedia Files (Text, image, audio and video).
Table 3:
Same Size for Cover with Same Type of the EXE Files and
Different Size for Information of Each Type for Multimedia
Files (Text, image, audio and video)
Table 4:
Different Size for Cover with Same Type of the EXE Files
and Same Size For Information of Each Type for
Multimedia Files (Text, image, audio and video).
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010
Table 5:
Different Size for Cover with Same Type of the EXE Files
and Different Size for Information of Each Type for
Multimedia Files (Text, image, audio and video).
For all tables above in test case one can be concluding:
There are no change on the hidden files size inside the cover
files , so can be hide different size inside the EXE files as
shown in the Table 2 and Table 3 and the attacker can't be
attack the information hiding that's because can't guess the
EXE files size because the EXE files size don't have
constant size as shown in the Table 4 and Table 5, where it
can be different size for the same type of EXE files like
cover file number 5 they have three sizes in same type of
cover file.
4.3.2 Proposed Test Case Two
In this test case can be shown Picture for cover files after
hiding operation of all types of multimedia files (text,
image, audio and video), which related with this system,
approve these cover (EXE Files) usage after the hiding
operation.
Table 6:
Inputs and Outputs for Test Case Two.
• Text
Figure 7. After Hiding Operation inside the (Hiding Folder) that
Executable File (Cover 1) Still Working
52 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security,
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010

,image, audio and video),which related with this system ,

• Image approve these cover (EXE Files) undetectable for antivirus
software after the hiding operation.

Table 7:
Inputs and Outputs for Test Case Three.

• Text

Figure 8. After Hiding Operation inside the (Hiding Folder) that

Executable File (Cover 2) Still Working

• Video

Figure 11. Shows that the Executable File (Cover 1) Inside

(Hiding Folder) Immune to Anti-virus Program

• Image
Figure 9. After Hiding Operation inside the (Hiding Folder) that
Executable File (Cover 3) Still Working

• Audio

Figure 12. Shows that the Executable File (Cover 2) Inside

(Hiding Folder) Immune to Anti-virus Program
• Video

Figure 10. After Hiding Operation inside the (Hiding Folder) that
Executable File (Cover 5) Still Working

4.3.3 Proposed Test Case Three

In this test case can be shown picture for cover files
after hiding operation for all types of multimedia files (text
 (IJCNS) International Journal of Computer and Network Security, 53
Figure 13. Shows that the Executable (Cover 3) File Inside
(Hiding Folder) Immune by Anti-virus program
• Audio
Figure 14. Shows that the Executable (Cover 5) File Inside
(Hiding Folder) Immune to Anti-virus Program
5. Conclusion
The .EXE files are one of the most important files in
operating systems and in most systems designed by
developers (programmers/software engineers), and then
hiding information in these file is the basic goal for this
research, because most users of any system cannot alter or
modify the content of these files. So the PE files structure is
very complex because they depend on multi headers and
addressing, and then insertion of data to PE files without
full understanding of their structure may damage them, so
the choice is to hide the information beyond the structure of
these files. Most anti virus systems do not allow direct write
in executable file, so the approach of the proposed system is
to prevent the hidden information to observation of these
systems. One of the important conclusions in
implementation of the proposed system is the solving of the
problems that are related to the size of cover file, so the
hiding method makes the relation between the cover and the
Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2010
message independent. The encryption of the message
increases the degree of security of hiding technique which is
used in the proposed system. The proposed hiding technique
is flexible and very useful in hiding any type of data for files
(message) because there are no limitations or restrictions on
the type of the message (image, sound, text).
Acknowledgement
This research was partially supported by “King Saud
University”, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The author would like to
acknowledge all workers involved in this project that had
given their support in many ways, also he would like to
thank in advance Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-Afnan, Dr. Musaed
AL-Jrrah, Dr. Abdullah Alsbail, Dr. Abdullah Alsbait,
Dr.Khalid Alhazmi, Dr.Ali, Dr.Ibrahim Al-Dubaian and all
the staff in king Saud University especially in Applied
Medical Science In “Al-Majmah” for thier unlimited
support, without thier notes and suggestion this research
would not be appear.
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Authors Profile
Hamdan Al-Anazi: has obtained his
bachelor dgree from “King Suad
University”, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He
worked as a lecturer at Health College in
the Ministry of Health in Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, then he worked as a
lecturer at King Saud University in the
computer department. Currently he is
Master candidate at faculty of Computer Science & Information
Technology at University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
His research interest on Information Security, cryptography,
steganography and digital watermarking, He has contributed to
many papers some of them still under reviewer.
Dr Hamid A.Jalab: Received his B.Sc
degree from University of Technology,
Baghdad, Iraq. MSc & Ph.D degrees
from Odessa Polytechnic National State
University 1987 and 1991, respectively.
Presently, Visiting Senior Lecturer of
Computer System and Technology,
Faculty of Computer Science and
Information Technology, University of
Malaya, Malaysia. His areas of interest
include neural networks and
cryptography.
Aos Alaa Zaidan: He obtained his 1st
Class Bachelor degree in Computer
Engineering from university of
Technology / Baghdad followed by
master in data communication and
computer network from University of
Malaya. He led or member for many
funded research projects and He has
published more than 50 papers at various
international and national conferences
and journals, His interest area are
Information security (Steganography and Digital watermarking),
Network Security (Encryption Methods) , Image Processing (Skin
Detector), Pattern Recognition , Machine Learning (Neural
Network, Fuzzy Logic and Bayesian) Methods and Text Mining
and Video Mining. .Currently, he is PhD Candidate on the
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering / Faculty of
Engineering / Multimedia University / Cyberjaya, Malaysia. He is
members IAENG, CSTA, WASET, and IACSIT. He is reviewer in
the (IJSIS, IJCSNS, IJCSN, IJCSE and IJCIIS).
Bilal Bahaa Zaidan: He obtained his
bachelor degree in Mathematics and
Computer Application from Saddam
University/Baghdad followed by master
in data communication and computer
network from University of Malaya. He
led or member for many funded research
projects and He has published more than
50 papers at various international and
national conferences and journals, His
interest area are Information security
(Steganography and Digital
watermarking), Network Security (Encryption Methods) , Image
Processing (Skin Detector), Pattern Recognition , Machine
Learning (Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic and Bayesian) Methods
and Text Mining and Video Mining. .Currently, he is PhD
Candidate on the Department of Electrical & Computer
Engineering / Faculty of Engineering / Multimedia University /
Cyberjaya, Malaysia. He is members IAENG, CSTA, WASET, and
IACSIT. He is reviewer in the (IJSIS, IJCSNS, IJCSN, IJCSE and
IJCIIS).