PRACTICAL REPORT TRANSFORMER

Machacon Jesus1, Sossa Julio1, PhD. Trujillo Javier2

1
Student of the Universidad de Cartagena
2
Physics II Laboratory Teacher

1. ABSTRACT  Study the operation of an AC

In the practice we study the operation of
the ac transformer, of which components
it is formed and under what law its
operation is based. For this, we made an
experimental setup of a transformer and
made measurements of voltage and
current to understand the variables
present in it, such as the number of turns
of each coil, the applied voltage, etc.
To conclude we obtained conclusions,
we found the percentage of error in the
experiment and presented the results
obtained in tables and graphs.
KEYWORDS: Transformers, Current,
Multimeter, Voltage, Magnetic Field.
2. INTRODUCTION
When electric power is transmitted over
long distances from the electric
companies it is economical to use a high
voltage and a low current to reduce the
loss of voltage in the transmission lines.
The customer requires low voltage
power. In the process, the voltage
reduces to approximately 20,000 V in a
substation, then to 4000 V for residential
areas and finally to 120 V and 240 V at
the customer site.
The AC transformer is a device that can
change the alternating voltage and
current without causing appreciable
changes in the power supplied.
3. OBJECTIVES
3.1 GENERAL
transformer
3.2 SPECIFIC
 Analyze the relationship between the
input and output voltage with the
number of turns in the primary and
secondary of a transformer.
4. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
AC transformer
The AC transformer consists of two wire
coils wrapped around an iron core. The
coil on the left, which is connected to the
alternating voltage input source and has
n1 turns, is called the primary (or
primary) winding. The coil on the right,
formed by n2 turns and connected to a
load resistor R, is called secondary (or
secondary) winding.
Fig. 1 Transformer
The purpose of the iron core is to
increase the magnetic flux through the
coil and provide a means in which almost
all the magnetic field lines that pass
through one coil do so through the other.
The eddy current losses are reduced with
the use of a laminated core. The
transformation of energy into internal
energy into the finite resistance of the All the results obtained were tabulated
coil wires is usually very small. and plotted and from them we obtained
Representative transformers have power the percentage of error.
efficiencies of 90 to 99%.
5.3 VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION
5. METHODOLOGY (ESTO CREO QUE NO ES
OBLIGATORIO)
5.1 MATERIALS
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒(𝑉) = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠(𝑉)
 2 Coils, 140 turns, 6 tappings
 1 Clamping device 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒(𝐼)
 1 Iron core, U-shaped, laminated = 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠(𝐴)
 1 Iron core, short, laminated 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎(𝑅) = 𝑂ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑜𝑠(𝛺)
 1 Multitap transf., 14VAC/12VDC,
5A 𝑉(𝑉) = 𝑅(𝛺) ∙ 𝐼(𝐴)
 1 Two-way switch, double pole 𝑉(𝑉) 𝑉(𝑉)
 1 Rheostat, 10 Ohm, 5.7 A 𝑅(𝛺) = 𝐼(𝐴) =
𝐼(𝐴) 𝑅(𝛺)
 3 Digitals multimeters
 6 Connecting cords, 500 mm, red 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑗𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
 6 Connecting cords, 500 mm, blue 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
=
𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑇𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
5.2 PROCEDURE × 100%
𝑦1 − 𝑦2
To perform this practice we set up the 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 (𝑀) =
𝑥1 − 𝑥2
experimental configuration as follows.
≡ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎(𝑅)
We placed two coils of 1000 and 500
turns in the iron core, then connect a
voltage source to the first coil. To the
second coil we connected a rheostat and 6. RESULTS
in this way we close the circuit. Finally, (AQUÍ VAN LAS TABLAS CON LOS
we connected a multimeter to each coil RESULTADOS Y LOS
to measure the voltage and another PROCEDIMIENTOS)(CREO QUE
multimeter to the rheostat to measure the TAMBIEN TIENE QUE IR LOS
current, in this way we finish assembling PROMEDIOS DE LAS RESISTECIAS
the experimental configuration. QUE SE SACAN CON LOS VALORES
DE REISTENCIA Y VOLTAJE
A voltage was applied to the primary coil MEDIDOS)
found in the iron core. We investigate the
voltage induced in the second secondary 7. ANALYSIS AND
coil and the current flowing in it as a INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
function of the number of turns in the
8. CONCLUSIONS
coils and of the current flowing in the
primary coil. From this laboratory practice we can
conclude that AC transformers are the
Then we repeated the procedure by drivers of the great electric power
exchanging the 500-turn coil for one of network that we have today, thanks to
250. great inventors such as Faraday, Tesla
and others, we can enjoy the electrical
supply, with low power transformers,
Using computers, mobiles, and the entire
range of electronic technology that we
use today, without a doubt knowing the
operation of this electrical device is of
great importance.
In addition to the above we can say that
the transformers are inventions that work
on a single current, which is the
alternating current and cannot be used
with direct current.
9. REFERENCES

Serway, R. A., & Jewett, J. W. (2009). Física

para ciencias e ingeniería con Física
Moderna. Cruz Manca, Santa Fe:
Cengage Learning Editores,.