Preparatoria Abierta

Material de apoyo didáctico:

(30) Inglés III

“ACTUALIZACIÓN”
Tercer Semestre

Consideraciones para uso:

- El material didáctico sólo es un referente para la mejor comprensión de
los libros de texto y alcanzar los objetivos planteados.
- Está basado en los libros de texto y programas de estudio que
comprende el Plan Tradicional de Preparatoria Abierta.

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 INGLÉS 3

GRAMMAR

1.- Verb + to –infinitive or –ing

Cuando el verbo se encuentra al inicio de una oración, se le agrega la terminación ing.
Ejemplo: Dancing is fun. Bailar es divertido.

Cuando el pronombre It se encuentra al inicio de la oración usamos to + verb in infinitive.

Ejemplo: It is fun to dance. Es divertido bailar.

2.- There + Be
La estructura “There + be” significa que existe algo dentro de un lugar específico.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE

Singular form Singular form

Example: There is a very pleasant beach Example: There was unoccupied room in
near here. this hotel.
Plural form Plural Form
Example: There are many discotheques in Example: There were many cars in the
Acapulco. parking lot.

FUTURE TENSE

Singular form
Example: There will be a new restaurant
near the beach.
Plural form
Example: There will be many visitors in Acapulco
during the Holy week.

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 EVALUACIÓN 1
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- ____________ is a nice activity.
a) knit b) knits c) knitted d) knitting
2.-______ is hard ___________ a mountain.
a) It / to climb b) It / climb c) There / to climb d) There / climb
3.- ________ is wonderful ________ from you.
a) There / hear b) It / hear c) It / to hear d) There / to hear
4.- He won a literary prize for ___________ the year's best novel.

a) writes b) written c) writing d) write

5.- ___________ was nice _____________ new people.
a) It / meet b) It / to meet c) There / meet d) There / to meet
6.- _________ will not _________ many students in the school.
a) It / be b) It / to be c) There / be d) There / to be
7.- ______________ any strangers at the party.
a) It didn´t b) It hadn´t c) There weren´t d) There wouldn´t
8.- _________ any apples in the refrigerator.
a) There wouldn´t b) There weren´t c) It didn´t d) It hadn´t

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 GRAMMAR

1.- Possessive Pronouns

Un Pronombre Posesivo denota posesión de algo sin nombrar el objeto del cual se está
hablando. Observa la siguiente tabla de Pronombres Personales y Pronombres Posesivos.

PERSONAL POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS
I Mine
You Yours
He His
She Hers
It Its
We Ours
You Yours
They Theirs

Ejemplo:
Whose dress is this? ¿De quién es este vestido?
This is mine. Es mío.
Whose dress is this? ¿De quién es este vestido?
This is hers. Es de ella.

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 LOOK!!!!

Podemos contestar de las siguiente manera:

This is hers or It´s Ana´s.
Es de ella o Es de Ana.

2.- Indefinite Pronouns

A) EVERY - TODO
Everybody / Everyone. Se refiere a personas.
Ejemplo:
Everybody is at home. Todos están en casa.
Or
Everyone is at home.

Everything. Se refiere a objetos.

Ejemplo:
Everything is in its place. Todo está en su lugar.

Everywhere. Se refiere a lugares.

Ejemplo:
There are shoes everywhere. Hay zapatos por todos lados.

B) NO
Es el opuesto de every. “No” es en oraciones afirmativas.

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 Nobody / No one. Se refiere a personas.
Ejemplo:
Nobody is at home. Nadie está en casa.
Or
No one is at home.

Nothing. Se refiere a objetos

Ejemplo:
Nothing is in its place. Nada está en su lugar.

Nowhere. Se refiere a lugares

Ejemplo:
Lucy can find a red dress nowhere.
Lucy no puede encontrar el vestido rojo por ningún lado.

LOOK!!!

Any en oraciones negativas es equivalente a “NO”, pero solo es usada en oraciones

negativas.
Ejemplo:
Nobody is at home. Nadie está en casa.
Or
Anybody isn´t at home. Nadie está en casa.

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C) SOME – ALGÚN, ALGUNOS- ALGUNAS
Somebody / Someone.
Ejemplo:
There is somebody in the store. Hay alguien en la tienda.

Something.
Ejemplo:
You can find something in that shop. Puedes encontrar algo en la tienda.
Somewhere
Ejemplo:
There must be a department store somewhere on the avenue.
Debe haber un departamento en algún lugar de la Avenida.
Sometime
Ejemplo:
Sometime in the future I´ll buy new shoes.
En algún momento en el futuro, compraré zapatos nuevos.

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 EVALUACIÓN 2
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- Katty ate her cake. Henry dropped ___________.

a) he b) his c) him d) himself

2.- We finished our homework, but Mary and Henry didn't finish __________________.

a) they b) their c) theirs d) they´re

3.- This is my book. ________ is on the table.

a) You b) Yours c) You´re d) Your

4.- _________ jeans ___________ those?
a) Who´s / are b) Whose / are c) Whose / be d) Who´s / be
5.- ________ watch is this?
a) Who´s b) Where c) Whose d) What
6.- I didn't prepare _____________ for you.

a) nobody b) nothing c) somebody d) anything

7.- Mary didn't say ____________ about his vacation.

a) somebody b) anything c)nobody d) nothing

8.-We didn´t hear ________ discussing the problem.
a) nobody b) nothing c) anybody d) something

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 GRAMMAR

1.-Usos del artículo THE.

Usos Ejemplo
Con sustantivos previamente identificados. The water in this glass is delicious.

Con ciertos sustantivos especificos. The sun is yellow.

Con actividades. She is sweeping under the bed.

Con ciertos nombres o títulos. The new English book is interesting.

Con números ordinarios. The meeting will be the first Friday of

March.
Cuando la preposición OF significa posesión. The house of my father is big.
Con nombres de: océanos, ríos, mares y golfos. The Pacific Ocean.
Cuando un grupo de Estados forman un País. The United State.

2.- Cuando no se debe usar el articulo THE.

Cuando no se debe usar Ejemplo

Al hablar de algo de manera general. Water is delicious!!!
Para los días de la semana. We´ll have a party on Saturday.
Para Lagos y Bahías. Lake Chapala is between Jalisco and
Michoacan.
Para Países y Estados. I´m going to Monterrey.

3.- Usos del Articulo “a”.

Usos Ejemplo
Para indicar frecuencia. I go fishing once a month.
Para indicar medida. Fish cost 60 pesos a pound.
Para expresar una pequeña cantidad con I poured a little water in the fishbowl.
LITTLE.
Para expresar un pequeña cantidad con I put a few fish in the fishbowl.
FEW.

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4.- Cuando no se debe usar el artículo “a”.
Cuando no se debe usar
Cuando se indica que una pequeña
cantidad es insuficiente.
¿Cuál de las siguientes opciones se completa con “the”?
a) Do you like _________ pop music?
b) This is _________ book I was looking for.
c) We know _________ apples are usually
red.
d) Is your brother working for _________
Mr. Smith?
c) I think they live in _________ India.
d) I know ________ meat you bought is
cheap.
e) She will study in ________ state of Texas.
f) They will get to ________ office very late.
¿Cuál de las siguientes opciones se completa con “a”?
a) He is baking ___ delicious meal.
b) What ___ shame it is to be so lazy.
c) I had ___ wonderful time at the party.
d) She likes ___ soda with her dinner.
e) Margaret is really _____ pretty.
f) Her niece wants to buy _____ butter.
g) Mother will have to give _____ speech
h) My friend travels abroad every _____
month.
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Ejemplo
There is little water in the fishbowl.
Thera are few fish in the fishbowl.
g) Mary lived on _______ Insurgentes
Avenue.
h) Luis swam across _______ Panuco River.
i) Daisy traveled to _______ New York City.
j) Pete met Lucy at ________ Lake Tahoe.
k) She will have fun in _________ Andes.
l) He spends hours in _______ Art Museum.
m) I visited ________ Mount Everest last
summer.
n) She studies in _____ University of
Mexico.
i) She invited us for ________ dinner today.
j) Ruddy goes to the seaside every ________
week.
k) John had ________ wonderful time during
his trip.
l) The children don't want to go to ________
bed early.
 EVALUACIÓN 3
Completa las siguientes oraciones con: few or little.
1.- I ate _________ salt, because I´m sick.
2.- Mary has _________ friends, because she is very timid.
3.- There are ________ students in the classroom.
4.- Luis has ______ water in his glass.

GRAMMAR
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
When we talk about a situation in a period of time that continues from the past until now,
we use have or has.
-HAVE

I Example:
We have + verb in participle I have visited the doctor ordinarily.
You He visitado al doctor constantemente.
They

-HAS

He Example:
She has + verb in participle Mary has visited the doctor ordinarily.
It María ha visitado al doctor
constantemente.

-Negative form, we put NOT after HAVE or HAS to form negative sentences.
Example: I have not visited the doctor ordinarily.
No he visitado al doctor constantemente.

INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE MEANING

Be BEEN Ser o estar
Come CAME Venir / entrar
Recover RECOVERED Recuperar
See SEEN Ver
Visit VISITED Visitar
Write WRITTEN Escribir

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YES / NO QUESTIONS

I Have you visited Cancún this

Have We + V.Participle + complement? week?
You ¿Has visitado Cancún esta
They semana?
Yes, I have.
Or
No, I haven´t ( have not)

He Has Rosa traveled to Cancún?

Has She + V.Participle + complement? ¿Ha Rosa viajado a Cancún?
It Yes, she has.
Or
No, she hasn´t ( has not).

LOOK!!!

Usamos las contracciones:

Have not --- Haven´t
Has not ----- Hasn´t
Time Expressions
Indicating past events without expressing continuation.

So Far Solo
Up to now Hasta ahora
Up to the present Hasta el presente

Example: Mr. Sanchez has taken two pills up to now.

Indicating frequency or repetition.

Many times Muchas veces

Always Siempre
Usually Usualmente por lo general
Ordinarily Normalmente
Regularly Regularmente

Example: I have regularly visited the dentist this year.

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 Indicating ending.

Just Acabar de
Recently Recientemente
Lately Últimamente
Finally Finalmente

Example: Luis has been in Mexico recently.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

When we talk about a situation or an activity that started in the past and continuous in the
present or recently finished.
Look at the structures:
-HAVE

I
We have + been +verb -ing
You
They

-HAS

He
She has + been +verb -ing
It

Example: Perla has been eating too much all these days.

-Negative form, we put NOT after HAVE or HAS to form negative sentences.
Example: Perla has not been eating too much all these days.

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 Time expressions

Indicating prolongation.
SINCE – DESDE
Example: Lucy has been working at Sam´s since 1990.
Indicating duration.
FOR – POR
ALL –TODO, TODA
Example: The boy has been bothering his sister all morning.

YES / NO QUESTIONS

I Have you been travelling lately?

Have We +been + verb – ing + complement? ¿Has estado viajando últimamente?
You Yes, I have.
They Or
No, I haven´t ( have not).

He Has Rosa been visiting Puerto Vallarta?

Has She +been + verb – ing + complement? ¿Ha estado Rosa visitando Puerto
It Vallarta?
Yes, she has.
Or
No, she hasn´t ( has not).

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PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
When we talk about a past situation that happened before another past situation, we use
the past perfect simple. Look at the structure.

I
You
He
She Had + verb. Participle.
It
We
They
You

Example: We had taken Mr. Villanueva´s class before.

Nosotros habíamos tomado antes la clase del Sr. Villanueva.

-Negative form, we put NOT after HAD to form negative sentences. Contraction: HADN´T
Example: We had not taken Mr. Villanueva´s class before.
Nosotros no habíamos tomado antes la clase del Sr. Villanueva.

LOOK!!!!

We can use a sentence or phrase indicating past time linked by when, before, by the time.
Example: Class had finished when we returned to school.
La clase había terminado cuando regresamos a la escuela.
YES / NO QUESTIONS
Had + personal pronoun (I, You, He, …..) + verb. Participle ?

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Example:
Had you baked a cake before I returned?
¿Habías cocinado el pastel antes de mi regreso?
Yes, I had or No, I hadn´t.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

When we ask about the duration of a situation that happened over a period up to a
particular past time, we use past perfect continuous. Look at the structure.

I
You
He
She Had + been + verb - ing
It
We
They
You

Example: We had been watching a movie when class began.

Nosotros habíamos estado viendo la película cuando la clase empezó.

-Negative form, we put NOT after HAD to form negative sentences. Contraction: HADN´T
Example: We had not been watching a movie when class began.

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 EVALUACIÓN 4

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- Peter ___________ busy with that game for the last three days.

a) is being b) has been c) must be d) can be

2.- Mary has __________ Mexico city tree times this week.
a) visited b)be visiting c) a visit d) visits
3.- I ____________ not ___________ Pat up to now. I think he is out of town.

a) might / seen b) might / saw c) have / seen d) have /saw

4.- I _________ been _______ a lot of poems in those days. I felt tired.
a) had / written b) have / written c) have / written d) had / writing
5.-_________ grandmother __________ smoking since the operation?

a) has / been b) has / being c) must / being d) must / being

6.- ______ the children ______ playing in the mud?
a) have / been b) has / been c) have / being d) has / being
7.- ___________ they _________ traveling since March?

a) Were / being b) Were / been c) Have / being d) Have / been

8.- Lucy __________ not ___________ at home before you came.

a) had / been b) has / been c) had / being d) has / being

9.- Carmen ________ just ________ when she saw her.

a) had / recover b) did / recover c) had / recovered d) did / recovered

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 GRAMMAR

1.- Verbs + to – infinitive

Algunos verbos son seguidos de otro en infinitivo “to – infinitive”:

 Decide  Refuse
 Want  Promise
 Hope
Example: Mauricio doesn´t want to eat vegetables. Mauricio no quiere comer vegetales.
2.- Verbs + -ing
Algunos verbos son seguidos de otros en gerundio “ing”:

 Consider  Mind
 Keep  Deny
 Enjoy  Avoid
Example: I enjoy dancing rock pop. Yo disfruto bailar.
3.- Unos cuantos verbos pueden ser seguidos de otros en infinitivo o gerundio “ing” or
“to infinitive”:

 Like
 Intend
 Hate
Example: Nancy loves to eat fish and chips. Nancy disfruta comer pescado y papas.
or
Nancy loves eating fish and chips. Nancy disfruta comer pescado y papas.
4.- Forma negativa
We use the negative form in these patterns by adding “not”. Look at the structures.
a) Verb + not + verb+ing
Example: Mayra preferred not dancing with Pablo. Mayra prefirió no bailar con Pablo.

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 EVALUACIÓN 5
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- Why does she _________ to leave the country?
a) intend b) mind c) deny d) avoid
2.- Please ___________ talking to your sister.

a) promise b) refuse c) decide d) keep

3.- I don’t want _________ my brother.
a) help b) helps c) to help d) helping
4.- They love _______ books.
a) reads b) to read c) read d) readed
5.- All of us ______ not telling Mary about her illness.
a) planned b) decided c) expected d) considered

GRAMMAR
Uses of verb GET
A) Get + to-infinitive or verb-ing
When we use get + to-infinitive it means “succeed in”.
Example: The girl finally got to pass the exam. La chica finalmente pasó el examen.

B) Get + adverbs or adjective

When we use an adjective or an adverb after get, we describe a process of change.
Example: Ruben worked all afternoon and he got tired (got is the past tense of get).
Rubén trabajó toda la mañana y terminó cansado.

C) Get + preposition
We use get + some prepositions to express location.
Example: Maria is getting on the bus. María está subiendo al autobús.

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 EVALUACIÓN 6
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- Karla never _________ to ________ an actress.
a) went / be b) got / be c) got / been d) went / been
2.- Pol _________ sick.
a) went b) made c) put d) got
3.- Don´t ________ angry. I´m kidding.
a) got b) get d) gets d) gotten
4.- The teacher ____________ through with the lesson at 1:00 p.m
a) got b) get d) gets d) gotten

VOCABULARY
1.- Prepositions

a) Indicating position.
Some prepositions indicate position.

Preposition Meaning
About / around On all sides of, encircling
Against In opposite direction to
Upon On

b) Some prepositions are different in meaning.

Preposition Meaning
About At the point of, quantify
Upon Following time: immediately

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 EVALUACIÓN 7
Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- Cindy shouted _____________ hearing the news about her friends.

a) of b) off c) over d) upon

2.- The mail comes ___________ midday.

a) over b) upon c) about d) into

3.- Many Americans are _________ the war.
a) about b) against c) upon d) in

GRAMMAR

Reflexive Pronouns
- Singular forms

My + self Myself
Your + self Yourself
Him + self Himself
Her + self Herself
It + self Itself

- Plural Forms

Our + self Ourselves

Your + self Yourselves
Them + self Themselves

Existen 3 situaciones en las que usamos los pronombres reflexivos:

*Cuando el sujeto causa cierta acción.

Example: The girl is dressing herself.

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*Cuando queremos enfatizar que el sujeto está haciendo cierta acción.
Example: Lorena made a dress for Patricia herself.
*Cuando el sujeto realizó cierta acción sin ayuda.
Example: Luis painted the house by himself.

EVALUACIÓN 8
Complete with the correct reflexive pronoun.
1.- Andrea prepared ___________ a sandwich.
2.- The children were looking at ___________ in the mirror.
3.- I answer the questions by ____________.
4.- Vicente fox and his wife ________________ cut the ribbon last night.

VOCABULARY

Verbs + prepositions
a) Back
Indica movimiento.
Example:
Mario went to Mr. Garcia´s office at 11:00. He came back to his office at 12:00.
Mario fue a la oficina del Sr. García a las 11:00. Regresó a su oficina a las 12:00.

b) Over
Indica que la acción realizada por el sujeto es repetida.
Example:
Lucy didn´t understand the lesson. She is reading over it.
Lucy no entendió la lección. La está leyendo otra vez.

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 c) On
Indica que la acción se prolonga.
Example:
Go on the next aisle. There you´ll find the milk.
Continúa por el siguiente pasillo. Ahí encontraras la leche.

d ) Up
Indica que la acción ha sido completada.
Example:
There is a little milk in the glass. Drink it up.
Hay un poco de leche en el vaso. Termínatela.

EVALUACIÓN 9
Complete with the correct verb + preposition.
1.-Pol came _____________ from Mexico last weekend.
a) over b) back c) on d) up
2.- The letter was full of mistakes. He had to write it ________.
a) over b) back c) on d) up
3.- Give this book __________ to your friend.
a) back b) on c) up d) over
4.- Drink _______ your juice, it´s time to go!!!
a) back b) on c) up d) over

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 GRAMMAR
Intensifier adverbs
We can use intensifier adverbs or degree adverbs to give information about the extent or
degree of something.
a) Indican un alto grado.

Very -Muy
Absolutely-Absolutamente
Highly-Altamente
Quite-Bastante
Too-Demasiado

Example:
The Latino Americana tower is very high.
La torre Latino Americana es muy alta.

b) Very, Too and Enough

Also, we use these adverbs to express degree about someone´s characteristics.
También usamos estos adverbios para indicar grado acerca de algunas características.
Example:
Luis can´t solve the exercises, they´re too difficult.
Luis no puede resolver los ejercicios, son muy dificiles.
Yolanda is old enough.
Yolanda es suficientemente grande.

LOOK!!!!!!
Los adverbios very y too siempre van antes del adjetivo, mientras que enough va después
del adjetivo.
Example:
very fat too difficult old enough

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 EVALUACION 10

Completa las siguientes oraciones con too o enough.

1.- You don´t need a taxi. The metro is fast ________.

2.- He'll never learn. He's ______________ dumb.

3.- Jessica is not old _______ to go to parties alone.

4.- I'm not able to read this book. It's ______________ difficult.

GRAMMAR
Determiners
a) All of / most of / none of / any of / some of / half of
Podemos utilizar estos determinadores con sustantivos singulares, plurales e
incontables.
Uncountable Noun
DETERMINATE + OF + Singular Noun
Plural Noun

Example:
All of the students arrived early today.
Todos los estudiantes llegaron temprano.
None of the students arrived late today.
Ninguno de los estudiantes llegó tarde.

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 b) Many of /several of / a few of
Usamos estos determinadores para sustantivos plurales.
DETERMINER + OF + PLURAL NOUN
Example:
Many of the students arrived early today.
Muchos de los estudiantes llegaron temprano hoy.
Not many of the students arrived late today.
No muchos de los estudiantes llegaron temprano hoy.

c) A / one of / two of
Also, we can use numbers + unit of measure + uncountable noun or plural.
One uncountable noun
Two + unit of measure +
Three plural noun
Example:
Two of the students arrived late
Dos de los estudiantes llegaron tarde.

d) Much of / Not much of

Usamos much of solo para sustantivos incontables.
Example:
Much of the milk was spilt.
Gran parte de la leche se derramó.
Not much of the milk was spilt.
No mucha de la leche se derramó.

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 EVALUACIÓN 11

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- The students are not lazy. I'm sure that ___________ them will arrive late.

a) none b) most c) none of d)most of

2.- ____________ of the food was left. It was salty.

a) Few b) Much c) Not many d) Not every

3.- ________ the surface of the Earth is covered with water.
a) Most of b) Not many c) None of d) Most
4.- _________ the people in the world will die some day.
a) none of b) Not many of c) All of d) Not any

GRAMMAR
Los adjetivos describen cualidades de sustantivos. Algunas de estas cualidades pueden
variar en el grado o intensidad. Al igual que en español, cuando queremos hacer
comparaciones contrastamos cualidades o atributos por medio de adjetivos en sus diversos
grados.
Los adjetivos que pueden variar en el grado o intensidad, tienen formas comparativas y
superlativas. A continuación se explican las reglas para formar superlativos y comparativos.

1.- Superlative
*Adjetivos cortos
Usamos –est para adjetivos cortos y anteponemos el artículo the al superlativo.
Example:
This is the longest dress.
Este es el vestido más largo.

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*Adjetivos largos
Usamos the most con adjetivos largos.
Example:
This is the most beautiful dress.
Este es el vestido más hermoso.
*The Best
Best es el superlativo del adjetivo bueno: “el mejor”.
Example:
This is the best restaurant I know.
Es el mejor restaurante que conozco.
*The worst
Worst es el superlativo del adjetivo malo: “el peor”.
Example:
This is the worst place on the Avenue.
Es el peor lugar en la Avenida.
*The least
Least es el superlativo del adjetivo inferior: “el menos”.
Example:
This dress is the least expensive of all.
Este vestido es el menos caro de todos.

2.- Expressing Similarity or Difference

a) Expresar Similitud
Example:
The car on the right is the same color as the car on the left.
El carro de la derecha es del mismo color que el carro de la izquierda.

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b) Expresar Diferencia
Example:
The car on the right is a different color from the car on the left.
El carro de la derecha es de diferente color que el carro de la izquierda.
c) Expresar Cualidades
as …………. as
Example:
Luis is as tall as Mario
Luis es tan alto como Mario

EVALUACIÓN 12

Lee cuidadosamente las siguientes oraciones y elige la opción que mejor las complete.
1.- My book is the same length ____________ yours.

a) as b) of c) how d) from

2.- Jonh is the __________ person in our class.

a) tall b) as tall as c) tallest d) same as
3.- Einstein is perhaps _______________ important scientist of the twentieth century.

a) more b) the more c) most d) the most

4.- Her beauty is superb. She is _____________ beautiful girl I know.

a) most b) more c) the most d) the more

5.- Don´t read that article. It´s _______ important at all.

a) less b) not the c) none d) the least
6.- Lizzy took the _________ heavy package.

a) few b) less c) least d) little

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 GRAMMAR
Existen verbos que expresan percepción, conocimiento o memoria, tales como: ask,
consider, decide, discover, explain, figure out, find out, forget, guess, hear, imagine,
know, learn, observe, percieve, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder, advise, etc.
Para estos verbos podemos utilizar la siguiente estructura:

Subject + Perception Verb + Question Word + TO + Verb in infinitive + Complement

ask, consider, etc. how, when, etc.

Ejemplo:

 Mother advised Linda how to dress well.

 Frank can’t remember when he received the gift.
 Did Nancy know how to use the tools?

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