a
FIFTH EDITION
NOVEMBER 1961
Provontod with the compliments of
BELL AEROSYSTEMS company
ROCKETS DEPARTMENT
aw oe World's most reliable rocket engine — a record
achieved by the Bell Agena Rocket Engine on the U.S. Air
Force's DISCOVERER. and MIDAS satellite programs*.
‘Starting with DISCOVERER I on February 28, 1969, this
rocket engine has performed as required in
‘space flights. The Bell Agena Rocket Engine
led for use on NASA's RANGER and MARINER spacecraft.
‘Thrust — 16,000 pounds
Engine Specific Impulse — Highest of any operational rocket
‘engine in this class
Propellants — Red Fuming Nitric Aeid and Unsymmetrical
Dimethylhydrazine
Restart Capability — Two (2) engine starts in vacuum,
‘Thrust Vector Control — Gimballed thrust chamber
Installation — Four point engine mount
Engine Weight — Approximately 280 pounds
Overall Length — Approximately 7 feet
"See space Log pp. 84-88
Rocket Symbols .
Greek Alphabet
Rocket Relationships... .
Principles of Rocket Propulsion .
Rocket Equations
Performance of Rocket Propellanta.
‘Liquid Bipropellant Combinations
Performance of Monopropellants «
Paysical Properties of Fuels
Physical Properties of Oxidizers ©
Rocket Heat Transfer... .
Pump Relationships
Ballistic and Celestial Mechanics
‘Short Range Ballistic Trajectories ..
Simplified Vertical TrAectory Equations
Mechanics of Conic Section Trajectories
Characteristic Data of the Solar System.
Physical Properties . ..
General Properties of Gas
Physical Properties of Gases.
General Properties of Air .
Composition of Air... ‘
ICAO Atmospheric Standard. -
Standard Atmosphere
‘Chemical Elements
Miscellaneous Constants
Physical Properties of Refractory Materials,
Physical Properties of Metals . Optimum Expansion Condition:
General Theoretical Performance Curve:
‘Nozale Separation Pressure as a Function of
eRe. < Maximum deviation was found
to be 9%.
13 so 3040
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op “VE Ore = be
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hhe = enthalpy of combustion products after
expansion, BTU/Ib
J. = mechanical equivalent of heat
‘Te t-/BTU
5 = denotes expansion at constant entropy, with
chemical equilibrium maintained
Caleulations performed in accordance with the above
equation are called "Shifting Equilibrium” (8.E.) caleula-
tons.
If it ts assumed that there is no shifting equilibrium
during expansion, and that the specific heat of the gas is
constant, ideal gas relationships can be substituted in the
above equation, and a" Frozen Composition” (F.C,) ealeula-
ton ean be made. ‘The modified equation is:
‘The above relations are for a fully expanded exhaust
nozzle (i.e. Pe = Pa).
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CyB
Naty
Name
Ethylene
‘Oxide
Hydrazine
13
re
218(F.C.)
3950
Nitromethane CHgNOz
0.938
119(8.E.)
1886
(CHyCH,CHgNOs,
n-Propyl
Nitrate
1.387
189(8..)
1381
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Peroxide
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26 hheat capacity to absorb all of the incident heat without
reaching its boiling point.
Se: SE ee
Le
where hy, = 0.023 5E ne * pe OF
Meat Puro Walls
Perse Ooi
(Sheva =n) vera Heat Transfer Cetin
1
0.2 0.6 ee
Pe
where hy = 0.029cy (Re)? (re)
Radiation
(a), = 0408 ¢-a ( 7
Heat Conducted Through Walls
af 1. pivercent
Dy short
“9 + 300 psi
Te 5000°R
‘conv
ge pe
Py 1N310144309 WIId SVD
°0 01 02 03 04 O5 06 OF 08 09 10 0908 OF 06 05 0403
9,
AREA RATIO=Ay /A
Gas Film Coefficient vs. Area Ratio for Typical Rocket
— —e
Fluid horsepower hp
Friction head in
Fluid static head in
‘Suction head above vapor pressure tt
Fluid total head t
OF SRR E Ee
Fluid velocity head ©
Fluid vapor pressure head i
Height of fluld surface sbove
or below pump impeller centerline ©
Rotational speed mpm
Pump specific speed oa a
Fs
©
Volume flow rate m+
‘Suction specific speed
Fluid velocity
Fluid specitic weight B/eutt
Fluid specific gravity one
‘Over-all head rise coefficient at
point of maximum efficiency eT oe eee eS eae ee ne
ds 01 payero se seoueyorsra pue sodwys LoTjodu aaneou oyeuIorddy gy
a aes mors Nowwwoy
vane 28 a
Sttyarar **1 03345 o10368 40 Sawn
ood 0001 0d» onde O00
AN39U3d NI AON3IISS3
ad eo.
ote oie lg Re
ae ae
par ak ee eA a
=
: 7 8
3 ga 8 Be.
plat te
gy 3 & Go 38
o By ‘“.a 5
Ey Seed ace
ee ae eee &
oe ee ee | a iat
‘from the center of the exrth.
= the range on gurtace of the reference
‘phore ffom the cutlf point tothe point of re-entry
‘through the reference sphere
oie Sect Tejeiny «A ratory Dae nena
gravity field. ‘The trajectory may be clrclar, l=
‘iste, parable or hyperbole
Constant of Gray = The proportionality constant
for the tractive force between two muaaes:
-elocity - the vehicle velocity a the pot of trast
‘errno,
“Gravity fold, contra ~ 4 force fle whlch the lines of
ToTee cowvorg a the center ofthe mass.
= a foree fll im whieh he
tines offorce are paral,
‘Path angle = the angle (9) from the local vertical tothe
THe tote vice path.
erigee - the point in anorbit whichis closet to the center
‘ihe cart,
= 2 hypothetical spherical surface in
hace, through the cuff point, concentric withthe
ravi tea.
Sort Range Trajectory — A triectry (ener 50 mile)
fark soegsoccue gravity Hild,
‘True_anomaly ~The angular distance (a) of stele
SE ie ene,
© Eccentricity of ellipse none
5, rarity at oarth surface B/s0ct
g, Gravity at cutof altitude n/sect
Gravity ath altitude tt/sec?
hg Cutoff altitude tt
4h, Peak altitude 8
Loaded vehicle weight/cutott
‘vehicle weight none
Parameter of a conte section ®
F Radius vector *
Radius voetor to apogee &
Radius veetor to perigee t
Radius from mass center to
cutoff altitude ft
R, Radius of earth, mean rs
1 Perlod of revolution seconds
¥, Velocity at apogee f/sec
vi, Cutolf velocity f/sec
Escape velocity t/see
Initial velocity M/see
Velocity at perigee ft/sec
Satellite ctreular velocity f/ace Cutoff path angle with vertteal
8%
» Gravitational factor, ecRe?
$Eduech angie th hosiottal
(90-6)
¥ lila hrust/woight rato, F/
SNORT eaNoe sauismic_teasecrones
ange
2
x= nad
‘Maximum Altitude
degrees
19/sec2
degrees
72 en
F
= ge = initia trust to weight ratio
vee eh
__ loaded weight (W)
‘catolt weight (We)
Velocity at Cutott (end of burning time)
te te tp (n- 2)
nem oo)? (O[-BS 4 4]
Height from Cutoff to Peak Altitude oY aah
Satellite Circular Velocity
i aii
Parameter of a Conte Section Trajectory
pt vd nin Oe
z %
Eccentricity of a Conte Section Trajectory
38
PPerlod of Revolution of a Cireular Orbit Relative to Barth
27 (Ry + 9)
Period of Revolution ofan Eiptical Orbit
VE
to» a
Range in Reference Sphere of Ballistic Trajectories in a
Central Gravity Field
v2 sin 8
ees
Robe = ve sin’ Be
Approximate Range from Cutoff to Impact in a Central
Gravity Field (No Drag)
Kos she tn Oe
cos @
X= 2R,aretan Inertial Trajectories in a Central Gravity Field
sae
eon aS
candy war anae' Gonos
Range of Ballistic Trajectories over Reference sphere
100 miles above Earth 28,000) tt 10
LESCAPE VELOCITY
-@ 3
3 °
= 2300)
a SATELLITE 7
en vetoeiry
z
= 1250 5
Eu 4
5
Bx 3
‘SATELLITE PERIOD OF REVOLUTION) e
25 '
o
2
ALTITUDE (10*MILES)
Escape Velocity and Period of Revolution of a Satellite
‘Vehicle as Function of Altitude
PERIOD OF REVOLUTION (HR)
234567890 BISA
® Acceleration Of Escape Velocity
Diameter Gravity At Surface At Surface
Planet Miles. Fr/Sec? FY/See
Mercury 3,194 10.449 13,109
‘Venus 7,842 28.207 3,607
Earth 7,928 2am 36677
‘Moon 2,159 5.19 1,698,
12.95 16,925
85.27 197,100
37.62 119,200
33.85 7,490
461 82,380
900 2,020,000
‘Mean radius of the earth = 3,063 statute miles
‘Mean radius of earth's orbit = 4.9 x 1011 feet
‘Weight of earth = 13.22 x 10% 1p (avap)
Volume of earth 38 x 1071 aS
Average density of earth=344 Ib/ft3
1 degree of latitude at 40° = 69 statute miles
‘nautical mile = 1' of are on the earth's surface at the
‘equator = 6080.2 feet
“
OE a
Reversible Adiabatic
Ber("o)
Hy) +
‘Constant Temperature
4s Acetylene
air
Ammonis
Argon
‘carton Dioxide
‘carton Monoxide
Helm
‘Nlrle Oxide
Weight of teu
0.06756
o.0rs2
0.08420
0.1037
oanse
07260
.otoa9
005204
o.ostes
o.ornee
ovat «
Density
elatve
‘aie
0.887
1.000
ose
ast
0.ses
0.138
0.0608
0.588
10m
0.968
o.ezs
cas
Constant, Ro
wR
59.40
53.20
90.27
38.10
a3
sae
308.20
788.80
96.7
55.16
ast
0.350
0.21
0.523
0.128
0.205
0.243
1.280
3.420
0.893
ozs.
020
0.460
128
140
ae
1.28
at
167
a0
1.28
1.40
1.40
1.28
—
Normal Density of
Bolling Ligufled —Critieal
‘Point Ga "Teap
na ”
<1 Moaer 968
-m17.6 514-209-2008
=m m1 + 03
-m2 e723 903-1877
<109 480 +62 a0
<0 587-90 -man.s3
482 ne 456 -480.2
429497 308
2925.9, 260-1185
m1 94 660-1387
<0 m4 3-8
sma 4 4.097052
critical
Pressure
ma.
2.26
128
488
6s
a8.
an
a ¢, = 38 VF
To _ Standard absolute temperature ae a
‘ea level a
j ag we nots = 29.06 0T
° Density Ratio, P/Ay none Specific Heat of Air
y Te ed Cc) = 0.240 Bru/iS'F
Sine wiht ad oc, = 0.118 BTU/D'F
y= oon(z) (%) - ss [28520] sonar wi a
M= 28,966 1b/Mol
Beaty ot at Specie Gas Constant or At
Sp wae ns aa
6 = omnne(E) (32) - corer [2¢5-#6] st
D98'95- B.U'69-— ommenoduiay, easamost
2 900°TT 1 pe 00'9e spnmary remzemost
epranty ae sonrea pacpams
34 c5xeK"0 y3l/g298 a1 eoLsz00'0 -Aysuap sour
1 O88eT ent Su¥910"0 1watom omoadg
aor ase, 990318 ‘oumprediney oyrosay
2.81 08 aamezodiog
my ue-zceO yar ote
34 a 998 "M2682
10807 ag 38 sonten’paepums
eH weniea
aavanvis >1¥3HasOWIY Ov
Constituent Gas
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon ove 008s
Spreoret
suayésomny pampems YON
Ae ee cae
Sinmesodmai, —opmamty
TaNSOWN GwoNS |S Feet
170,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000,
170,000
180,000
180,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000,
400,000
450,000
500,000
600,000
"700,000
800,000,
‘900,000,
41,000,000
41,500,000
4,700,000,
54
ae
56.50
756.50
49.56
740.50
saa
722.40
=13.36
434
4568
9.50
9.50
4.08
1.62
-19.30
216.30
278.30
7-52.52
=16.25,
67.55
185.3
402.0
458.5,
537.3
607.1
emma
1025)
1162
ii
69.70
~69.70
51.20
40.89
24.60
6.32
194
24.19
40.42
49.10
49.10
39.31
18.20
-24
-105.34
7105.34
62.53
2.76
153.6
365.6
155.7
e754
999.2
1125
1251
1878
2123
0.6505,
0.4036
0.2520
0.1603,
0.1038
6.831 x 1072
4.564 x 1072
3.094 x 10-2
2.125 x 10"?
1.476 x 10-2
1.026 x 10-2
1132 x 10-3
4.894 x 10°3
3.300 x 1079
3.378 x 10-4
2.568 x 10°5
2.649 x 10-8
4.233 x 10-7
9.660 x 10-8
3.385 x 1078
88.000 x 10-9
3.854 x 10-9
1.106 x 10-8
5.092 x 10-10
2.581 x 10-10
2.109 x 10-12
1.004 x 10°11
93.67
58.12
36.29
23.08
14.95
9.837
6.573
4.435,
3.060
2125
1478
1027
0.7047
0.4752
4.864 x 10-2
3.698 x 10°S
3.814 x 10-4
6.096 x 10-5
1391 x 10-3
4.875 x 10-8
1.152 x 10-6
5.850 x 10-7
11592 x 10-7
7332 x 10°
3.717 x 10-8
38.037 x 10-9
1.448 x 10°9
oS.
S.am0 x 10-5
5.393 x 10-6
8.619 x 10-7
1.967 x 10-7
6.892 x 10-8
620 x 10-8
5.550 x 10-9
2.251 x 10-9
‘1.087 x 10-9
5.256 x 10-10
293 x 10-11
Bows iol
1
1.909 x 10-4
8.683 x 10-5
5.288 x 10°5
3.211 x 105
2.001 x 1075
1.270 x 10-5
8.189 x 10-6
5.364 x 10-8
8.564 x 10-6
2.433 x 10
41.608 x 10-8
1.199 x 10-8
8.589 x 10-7
6.058 x 10-7
7.996 x 10-8
6.068 x 10°?
4.957 x 10710
6.565 x 10-11
Lani x 10-1
21862 x 10712
4.498 x 10713
L277 x 10733
4449 x 10714
1794 x 10714
8.103 x 10-15
4/326 x 10-18
1.816 x 10-16
Po
0.08807
0.08653
0.02210
0.01351
8.420 x 10-9
5.342 x 10-2
8.445 x 1073
2.250 x 1073
1.499 x 10°3
1.023 x 10-3
3a2 x 10-4
5.046 x 19-4
8.613 x 10°4
2.549 x 10-4
8.364 x 10°5
2.582 x 1078
2.085 x 10-7
2.762 x 10-8
4.072 x 10-9
1.204 x 1079
1.898 x 10-10
5371 x ott
1.869 x 10-11
7548 x 10722
8.409 x 10712
1,820 x 10718
‘71640 x 10714
Feet
170,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
420,000
130,000
140,000,
160,000
160,000
170,000
180,000
190,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000,
450,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
300,000,
41,000,000,
1,500,000
1,700,000
55 ALTITUDE x10 FEET
420
400
380
‘SPEED OF SOUND,
HAS NO SIGNIFICANCE
ABOVE 300,000 FEET
340,
320
300
280.
240)
220
200
itr)
60,
uo
120
100)
20
60
40)
20
°
TROPOPAUSE,
0. 9
‘SPEED OF SOUND FI/SEC
TEMPERATURE °F
‘Temperature and Speed of Sound versus Altitude
760
740
720
700
‘680
104
z
(4 8334030) 3uNIVUaENSL BIY
SPEED OF SOUND [MPH]
‘Speed of Sound versus Temperature
st Americium Am 95
SUPERCHARGED
RECIPROCATING Antimony - a
ENONE with ay : =
& one coll 2. 8
E 00 ‘static x &
g Brum Be Ay
= Berksum ot
3 Berylisn Be t
g Bisel BI a
q Boron B 3
< So ‘Bromine Br 35
i Caniom aU
: Calcium & %
8 ee e a
ho Carton e ¢
5 Geren ce 8
2 Cesium cs 55
= | unsurencuanceo cuerice at "
a RECIPROCATING ‘Chromium: cr ca
20| ENGINE wiTH S Cobalt & n
PROPELLER S Gotu (ee Niobium)
nevarive Saal = ¢
eee Dysprosium Dy 66
°5 0 «0S SC Binsteinivr = 8
acriTUpe Wo? FEET) a =e
Goumewrorensorron [Feria Fm 100
‘Atomic weights in parentheses denote the mass numbers of
Variation of Power with Altitude for Different Prime Movers Biespas ee npr tase halt ite,
9 Gxteliaivn Gd 64 nue Pt ®
Gallium Ga 31 tonium Po 94
Germanium Ge 32 oa Po oe
Gold AG 0 otassium 4 w
Hafoium Et 2 sodymium Pr 0
Helium He 2 pmethium Pm 81
Holmium Ho ar nium Pa a
Hydrogen H 1 am Ra a8
Indium In o Rn a6,
Iodine 1 53 ium Re B
Iridium ir n dium Rh 6
{ron Fe 6 alum Rb a
Kzypton Kr 36 thenisi cs “
Lanthanum La a7 amarium sm oa
Lead PD 2 dium Be a
Lithium Li 3 sum se 4
Liutetium Ly n iticon st 4
‘Magnesium Mg 2 ver Ag at 107.880
‘Manganese Ma 5 om Na 1 22.991
Mendelevium My 101 ontium sr 3887.68
Mercury Hg 80 i 8 16 92.066
‘Molybdenum Mo a Tantalum T! 73 180.95
‘Neodynium Na 60 hnetium Te 43 (89)
Neon Ne 10 u Te 2 1a7.61
Neptuntum Np 93 Terbium to 65 150.83
Nickel Ni 26 Phalllum 1 1204139,
Niobium (Columbium) Nb a rium ™ 90 232.05
Nitrogen x 7 lun Tm 69 186.94
Nobelium No 102 sn 50 118.70
Osmium os 6 ‘Atomic welghts in parentheses denote the mass numbers of
Oxygen ° 8 topes of longest known half-life,
Can 6 ‘Uranium
uo a
Vanadium + 3 2 sfen
Xeoon ke i
Yerhtum » 0
Ytsiom roo
Ze mt
‘zirconium oo
MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS >
“Mechanical equvalent of heat 4.182 jute ca”
Eictrnie cree oot i
Mass of electron, me 911066 x 10-28 em ERgHESes 8
Nas of prson ‘np emia 0-2 gm cagissse ft
‘Mass of a particle, mg 6.6442 x 10-24 gm qj
‘Mass of hydrogen atom, my 1.67339 x 10-24 gm i
‘Avogadro's number, Ng 8.0228 x 2029 (gm mol)! fee eeeegs of
Planck constant, h Senet 10-0 ere see Hiaha gegsgssa
Boltzmann constant, k 1.38049 x 10-16 erg ("k)! » .
‘Velocity of light in vacuum, ¢ 2.997928 x 1010 em sec’ g
186,282 miles sec~? sf i
1 mil (electric definition), measure of wire diameter = 0.001 in. Hii Git 923 Hy
1 mil (angular measure) » 360° /6400 (Army Ordnance) aye zt
1 mil (angular measure) = 1/1000 radian (Naval Ordnance) i
1 Navy mil = 1.0186 Army mil é
Heat equivalent of fusion of water, 70.24 cal per gram shy
Haat ogtalnt raporeation of water, 5389 cl par gram i
amas ay
fogy 10256 ;
sis : 2 ee
as 160
\ Sac a os 1g |
|
|
ee ee 2 a dal
: Kemtormen a7 aah nn athe ” =
meio eset nae fo. 4 u os
aneere, 14 ane Ss He =
recat aor wow "a a
ecient” eas ant ase ee a =
pate oma ae = ew as wo
ee os me 0
"nat fe, ”
swe ies ase asm aaa 2
q vet aa ao oman m = a
‘rm = ss0.at ar) =
tmnt om oo. 2 3 =
tet = ean 3 8 a
toed ws som “= n
"amu aM :
68 ‘ er Acres
Square centimeters
Square kilometers
Square inches
Square feet
Square yards
Square miles
DENSITY
Multiply
Grams per cubic
‘centimeter
43,560
0.4047
1.s62x10-3
0.1580
1.08x10-8
0.3861
6.4518
144
oan
1296
0.8381
2.5900
640
By
62.428
0.03613
ame
27.68
‘Square feet
Hectares:
Square miles
Square inches
‘Square feet
Square miles
Square centimeters
Square Inches
Square yards
Square inches
Square meters
Square kilometers
‘Acres
To Obtain
Pounds per cubic
foot
Pounds per cubie
foot
Pounds per cubic
foot
Grams per cubic
‘centimeter
110-7
2,309s10-5
3,968x10-3
4186,
244
19x10
ean
e.asoxi0#
0.73756
2.388x10-4
0.10178
10
2.770x10-4
3.725x10-7
3.9085,
308
426.85,
1.238
9.a066x107
Kilowatt-hours
Gram-calories
Soul
BTUs
Dyna-centimeters
Foot-pounds |
Gram-contimetors
soles
Kilogram-calories
BIU's
soles
BIU's
Foot-pounds
Rilogram-calories
BTU's
Foot-pounds
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram-meters
Watt-seconds
‘Watt-hours
Horsepower-hours
BT's
Foot-pounds
Kilogram-meters
Foot-pounds
Eres (2.246x10-"
7233x105
15.432
003527
0.00220
980.665
HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
Mattipty By
BTU/(arMtt?)(°F) 0.001355
? 1.925310-8
0.0005600
LENGTH
Multiply By
Centimeters 0.2887
sama
1x1
axto®
Meters 99.97
3.281
1.0936
0.6214
0.5398
Kilometers
miles
To Obtain
2)
Gm cartoon?) 8 or minuto
CF)
wwatts/em®*c
Yards
Mites
‘Nautical miles :
Kilometers:
Peet
Kilometers
ites
Kilometers
Rllogram-calories
‘per minute
Horsepower
Watts
Foot-pounds per
minute
Foot-pounds per
second
Kilogram-maters
per second
Metric horsepower
BIU's per second
BTU's per hour
Watts
n Kilowatts
PRESSURE
Multiply
Atmospheres
29,921
33.93
10382
14.608
2116.2
1.0133
Kilogram-calories
por minute
Watts
BTU's per second
Foot-pounds per
‘second
Kilogram-calories
per second
Horsepower
BTUs per hour
‘To Obtain
Contimeters of
mercury
Inches of mercury
Feet of water
Kilograms per
‘square meter
Pounds per
‘square inch
Pounds per
‘square foot
pars
of mercury
of water
5.3524
o'4aen
1994
27,845
0.02947
0.4335
2.378
0.09342
13.60
1.133,
4912
0.727
348.32
0.03600
5.1981
25,38
Tnches of water
Feet of water
Pounds per square
nen
Pounds por square
Took
Kilograms per
‘square moter
Atmospheres:
Pounds per square
inch
Pounds por square
foot
Atmoopheres
Ices of water
Feet of water
Pounds per square
‘neh
Pounds per square
foot
Kilograms per
‘square meter
Pounds per square
‘inch
‘Pounds per square
Toot
Rilograms per
‘square moter Kilograms per square 0.00142
‘meter
0.20482
0.00328
on
i Pounds per square 0.31
‘neh
‘THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Maltipty by
BTU/MmeNG2NCF per) 0.00413
2
0.0173
4
Pounds per square
foot ;
Feet of water
Grams per square
centimeter ‘Multoly
Grams per square cite
‘centimeter
‘To Obtain
Gm-cal/(soe) (em*) ame
CC per cm)
BTU/ Chr) (2)
CF per in)
watts/(em?) (*¢/e
273,16°K
459,688" R
By
0.01138
0.01820
0.0580
0.01667
o.sa18
1.097
30.48
0.3088
5921
1.0
1.0889
11515
1.8532
oie
To Obtain
Miles per hour
Kilometers per
hawt
Centimeter per
‘second
Foot por second
Miles per hour
Kilomoters per
hour
Centimeters per
‘second
Meters per second,
Knots
‘Nautical miles per
oar
Feet per second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per
hour
Meters per second
6 ee
Miles per hour
Multiply
‘Radians per second
Centipoise
2.287 ‘Miles per hour
8.600 Kilometers per
hour
1.467 Feet per second
0.4470 Meters per second
Kilometers per
hour
aots
By To Obtain
51.290 Degroes per second
0.1592 Revolutions per
‘second
9.55 Revolutions per
‘minute
ABSOLUTE VISCOSITY
10 gm/em sec
10 ddyne sec/em?
100 Contipoi
0.000872 Ib/ft see,
0.000020 tb see/t2
2.42
Ib/tt nr
apy By Te Obtain
a2 Gallons (Oil)
3.5 Gallons
contmetors 10-8 Liters
9010 Cable inches
foot 28317 | Cuble centimeters
a8 ‘Cuble Inches
009704 Cuble yard
7.401 Gallons
28,32 ters
Anches 16.387 Cubic contimeters
0.01688 Liters
4.320x10-3 Gallons:
0.01732 Quarts (quid)
imperial 277.4 Cuble inches
1.201, U.S. gallons
546 Liters
Cuble inches
Cube feet
U.S. (liquid) 281
0.1387 ee en ee ee ae
Imperial gallons aol
Find owes (cmcte 1000
ounces, ad Ci snare nos, Roun ae
ube sche ;
! (stor 2000 own ep)
ae aon fora llama
| “- 2 (metric)
Searie tumor Tom (wie)
ene nen
Quarts, U.S. (liguid) Cubic feet
Cubic inches
Liters
WEIGHT
Multiply, By To Obtain
Grams 15.432 Grains
0.63527 Ounces (avap)
0.002205 Pounds (avdp)
1000 Milligrams
0.001 Kilograms :
980.67 Dynes .
Kilograms 2.205 Pounds (avdp)
35.27 Ounces (ardp)
Pounds (avdp) ‘000 Grains
16.0 Ounces
1.215 Pounds (troy)
0.4536 Kilograms a
0)
)
)
COLL,
Oo}
|
ig |
q |
oO 1}
a d
GLA GAUUE
ooooo00
iD LINE IDENTH
CATION COLORS:
The fluid tine identifications represent designations
15 only. For coding lines which do not fall into
‘these systems the contents shall be designated by
Jettering on a white background,
Pressure transmitter lines shall be identified by the
‘colors as the lines from which pressure is being
Filler lines, vent lines, and drain lines from functions
functidnal equipment shall be identified by the
Sentifications as the function lines,
33 yee wwe ae covey ma
ed
weed Sco meme oI
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